महाभारत भीष्म पर्व अध्याय 42 श्लोक 18-27

dvichatvariansh (42) adhyay: bhishm parv (shrimadbhagavadgita parv)

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mahabharat: bhishm parv: dvichatvariansh adhyay: shlok 18-27 ka hindi anuvad

shrimadbhagavadgita a‍dhyay 18


sambandh- poorv shlok mean krishn ne arjun ko sannyas (jnanayog) ka tattv samajhane ke liye atma ke arkatapan ka pratipadan kiya tha. ab ve usake anusar karm ke aang-pratyangoan ko bhalibhaanti samajhane ke liye karm-prerana, karm-sangrah aur unake sattvik adi bhedoan ka prativadan arjun se karate haian. aur kahate haian -he arjun! jnata, jnan aur jney- yah tin prakar ki karm-prerana[1] hai aur karta, karan tatha kriya-yah tin prakar ka karm-sangrah hai.[2] gunoan ki sankhya karane vale shastr mean jnan aur karm tatha karta gunoan bhed se tin-tin prakar ke hi kahe gaye haian, unako bhi too mujhase bhalibhaanti sun.[3] jis jnan se manushy prithakh-prithakh sab bhootoan mean ek avinashi paramatma bhav ko vibhagarahit samabhav se sthit dekhata hai, us jnan ko too sattvik jan.[4] kiantu jo jnan arthat jis jnan ke dvara manushy sampoorn bhootoan mean bhinn-bhinn prakar ke nana bhavoan ko alag-alag janata hai, us jnan ko too rajas jan.[5] paranh‍tu jo jnan ek karyaroop sharir mean hi sampoorn ke sadrish asakt hai tatha jo bina yukti vala, tatvik arth se rahit aur tuchchh hai, vah tamas kaha gaya hai.[6]

jo karm shastravidhi ke niyat kiya hua aur kartapan ke abhiman se rahit ho tatha phal n chahane vale purush dvara bina rag-dvesh ke kiya gaya ho[7]- vah sattvik kaha jata hai.[8] parantu jo karm bahut parishram se yukt hota hai[9] tatha bhogoan ko chahane vale purush dvara ya ahankar yukt purush dvara kiya jata hai, vah karm rajas kaha gaya hai.[10] jo karm parinam, hani, hiansa aur samarthh‍y ko n vichar kar keval ajnan se arambh kiya jata hai, vah tamas kaha jata hai.[11] jo karta sang rahit, ahankar ke vachan bolane vala, dhairy aur utsah se yukt tatha kary ke siddh hone aur n hone mean harsh-shokadi vikaroan se rahit hai, vah sattvik kaha jata hai.[12] jo karta asakti yukt, karmoan ke phal ko chahane vala aur lobhi hai tatha doosaroan ko kasht dene ke svabhav vala, ashuddh-chori aur harsh-shok se lipt hai, vah rajas kaha gaya hai.

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tika tippani aur sandarbh

  1. kisi bhi padarth ke svaroop ka nishchay karane vale ko ‘jnata’ kahate haian vah jis vritti ke dvara vastoo ke svaroop ka nishchay karata hai, usaka nam ‘jnan’ hai aur jis vastu ke svaroop ka nishchay karata hai, usaka nam ‘jney’ hai. in tinoan ka sambandh hi manushy koan karm mean pravritt karane vala hai kh‍yoanki jab adhikari manushy jnanavritti dvara yah nishchay kar leta hai ki amuk-amuk sadhanoan dvara amuk prakar ke amuk sukh ki prapti ke liye amuk karm mujhe karana hai, tabhi usaki us karm mean pravritti hoti hai.
  2. dekhana, sunana, samajhana, smaran karana, khana, pina adi samast kriyaoan ko karane vale prakritisth purush ko ‘karta’ kahate haian; usake jin man, buddhi aur indriyoan ke dvara uparyukt samast kriyaean ki jati hai, usako ‘karan’ aur uparyukt samast kriyaoan ko ‘karm’ kahate haian. in tinoan ke sanyog se hi karm ka sangrah hota hai, kh‍yoanki jab manushy svayankarta banakar apane man, buddhi aur indriyoan dvara kriya karake kisi karm ko karata hai, tabhi karm banata hai, isake bina koee bhi karm nahi ban sakata. isi adhyay ke chaudahavean shlok mean jo karm ki siddhi ke adhishthanadi paanch hetoo batalaye gaye haian, unamean se adhishthan aur daiv ko chho dakar shesh tinoan ko ‘karm-sangrah’ nam diya gaya hai.
  3. jis shastr mean sattv, raj aur tam-in tinoan gunoan ke sambandh se samast padarthoan ke bhinn-bhinn bhedoan ki ganana ki gayi ho, aise shastr ka vachak ‘gunasankhyane’ pad hai. atah unamean batalaye hue gunoan ke bhed se tin prakar ke jnan, karm or karta ko sunane ke liye kahakar bhagavan ne us shastr ko is vishay mean adar diya hai. or kahe jane vale upadesh ko dhyanapoorvak sunane ke liye arjun ko savadhan kiya hai.
    dhyan rahe ki jnata aur karta alag-alag nahian hai, is karan bhagavan ne jnata ke bhed alag nahian batalaye haian tatha karan ke bhed buddhi ke aur ghriti ke nam se evan jney ke bhed sukh ke nam se age batalayeange. is karan yahaan poorvokt chhah padarthoan mean se tin ke hi bhed pahale batalane ka sanket kiya.
  4. jis prakar akash-tattv ko janane vala manushy gh da, makan, gupha, sh‍varg aur patal aur samast vastuoan ke sahit sampoorn brahmanh‍d mean ek hi akash tattv ko dekhata hai, vaise hi lokadrishti bhinn bhinn pratit hone vale samast charachar praniyoan mean gita ke chhathe adhyay ke untisavean aur terahavean adhyay ke sattaeesavean shlok mean varnit saankhyog ke savan se hone vale anubhav ke dvara ek advitiy avinashi nirvikar jnanasvaroop paramatma bhav ko vibhagarahit samayabhav se vyapt dekhana hi sattvik jnan hai.
  5. kit, patange, pashu, pakshi, rakshas, manushy aur devata adi jitane bhi prani hai, un sab mean atma ko unake shariroan ki akriti ke bhed se aur svabhav ke bhed se bhinn-bhinn prakar ke anek aur alag alag samajhana hi rajas jnan hai.
  6. jis viparit jnan ke dvara manushy prakriti ke karyaroop sharir ko hi apana svaroop samajh leta hai aur duahkh se kar us kshanabhangur nashavan sharir mean sarvasv ki bhaanti asakt rahata hai. arthat usake sukh se sukhi evan unake duahkh mean duahkhi hota hai tatha unake nash se hi sarvanash manata hai, atma ko usase bhinn ya sarvavyapi nahian samajhata- vah jnan vastav mean jnan nahian hai. isaliye bhagavanh is shlok mean ‘jnan’ pad ka prayog bhi nahian kiya hai kh‍yoanki vah viparit jnan vastav mean ajnan hi hai.
  7. karmoan ke phalaroop is lok aur paralok ke jitane bhi yog hai, usamean mamata aur asakti ka abhav ho jane ke karan jisako kianchinmatr bhi un bhogoan ki akaansha nahian rahi hai, jo kisi bhi karm se apana koee bhi svarth siddh karana nahian chahata, jo apane liye kisi bhi vastu ki avashyakata nahian samajhata- aise purush dvara hone vale jo karm rag-dvesh ke bina keval lokasangrah ke liye hote hai- un karmoan ko ‘bina rag-dvesh ke kiya hua karm’ kahate haian.
  8. isi adhyay ke navean shlok mean varnit sattvik tyag se is sattvik karm mean yah visheshata hai ki isamean kartapan ke abhiman ka aur rag-dvesh ka bhi abhav dikhalaya gaya hai; kiantu navean shlok mean karmoan mean asakti aur phalechchha ka tyag hi batalaya gaya hai, kartapan ke abhav ki bat nahian kahi hai, balki kartavy buddhi se karmoan ko karane ke liye kaha hai. donoan ka hi phal tattv jnan ke dvara paramatma ki prapti hai bhed keval anushthan ke prakash ka hai.
  9. sattvik karm se rajas karm ka yah bhed hai ki sattvik karmoan ke karta ka sharir mean ahankar nahian hota aur karmoan mean kartapan nahian hota atah use kisi bhi kriya ke karane mean kisi prakar ke parishram ya klesh ka bodh nahian hota. isaliye usake karm ayasayukt nahian hai kiantu rajas karm ke karta ka sharir mean ahankar hone ke karan vah sharir ke parishram aur duahkhoan se svayan duahkhi hota hai. is karan use pratyek kriya mean parishram bodh hota hai. isake siva sattvik karmoan ke karta dvara keval shastradrishti ya lokadrishti se kartavyaroop mean prapt hue karm hi kiye jate haian. atah usake dvara karmoan ka vistar nahian hota hai; kiantu rajas karm ka karta asakti aur kamana se prerit hokar pratidin naye-naye karmoan ka arambh karata rahata hai, isase usake karmoan ka bahut vistar ho gaya hai. is karan yahaan bahut parishram vale karmoan ko rajas batalaya gaya hai.
  10. jis purush mean bhogoan ki kamana aur ahankar donoan hai, usake dvara kiye hue karm rajas hai- isamean to kahana hi kya hai; kiantu inamean se kisi ek dosh se yukt purush dvara kiye hue karm bhi rajas hi hai.
  11. kisi bhi karm ka arambh karane se pahale apani buddhi se vichar karake jo yah soch lena hai ki amuk karm karane se usaka bhavi parinam amuk prakar se sukh ki prapti ya amuk prakar se duahkh ki prapti hoga, yah usake anubandh ka yani parinam ka vichar karana hai tatha jo yah sochana hai ki amuk karm mean itana dhan vyay karana padega, itane bal ka prayog karana padega, itana samay lagega, amuk aansh mean dharm ki hani hogi aur amuk-amuk prakar ki doosari haniyaan hoangi- yah kshay ka yani hani ka vichar karana hai aur jo yah sochana hai ki amuk karm ke karane se amuk manushyoan ko ya any praniyoan ko amuk prakar se kitana kasht pahuanchega, amuk manushyoan ka ya any praniya ka jivan nasht hoga- yah hiansa ka vichar karana hai. isi tarah jo yah sochana hai ki amuk karm karane ke liye itane samarthh‍y ki avashyakata hai, atah ise poora karane ki samarthh‍y isamean hai ya nahian yah pauroosh ka yani samarthh‍y ka vichar karana hai. is tarah parinam, hani, hiansa aur pauroosh-in charoan ka ya charoan mean se kisi ek ka vichar n karake keval moh se karm ka arambh karana hi tamas karm haian.
  12. shastravihit svadharm palanaroop kisi bhi karm ke karane mean b di se b di vighn-badhaoan ke upasthit hone par bhi vichalit n hona ‘dhairy’ hai aur karm sampadan mean saphalata n prapt hone par ya aisa samajhakar ki yadi mujh phal ki ichchha nahian hai to karm karane ki kya avashyakata hai- kisi bhi karm se n ukatana, kiantu jaise koee saphalata prapt kar chukane vala aur karmaphal ko chahane vala manushy karata hai, usi prakar shraddhapoorvak use karane ke liye utsuk rahana ‘utsah’ hai. in donoan gunoan se yukt hor jo manushy n to kisi bhi karm ke poorn hone mean harshit hota hai aur n usamean vighn upasthit hone par shok hi karata hai tatha isi tarah jisamean any kisi prakar ka bhi koee vikar nahian hota, jo harek avastha mean sada-sarvada sam rahata hai- aisa samatayukt purush hi sattvik karta hai.

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

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