महाभारत अनुशासन पर्व अध्याय 44 श्लोक 1-14

chatushh‍chath‍variansh (44) adhh‍yay: anushasan parv (danadharm parv)

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mahabharat: anushasan parv: chatushh‍chath‍variansh adhyay: shlok 1-14 ka hindi anuvad


kanh‍ya vivah ke samh‍banh‍dh mean patr vishayak vibhinh‍n vichar

yudhishthir ne poochha- pitamah! jo samash‍t dharmoan ka, kutumh‍bijanoan ka, ghar ka tatha devata, pitar aur atithiyoan ka mool hai, us kanh‍yadan ke vishay mean mujhe kuchh upadesh kijiye. prithh‍vinath! sab dharmoan se badhakar yahi chinh‍tan karane yogh‍y dharm mana gaya hai ki patr ko kanh‍ya deni chahiye?

bhishh‍m ji ne kaha- beta! sath‍purushoan ko chahiye ki ve pahale var ke shil-sh‍vabhav, sadachar, vidya, kul, maryada aur karyoan ki jaanch karean. phir yadi vah sabhi drishtiyoan se gunavan pratit ho to use kanh‍ya pradan karean. yudhishthir! is prakar bh‍yahane yogh‍y var ko bulakar usake sath kanh‍ya ka vivah karana uttam brahmanoan ka dharm-brahm vivah hai. jo dhan adi ke dvara var paksh ko anukool karake kanh‍yadan kiya jata hai, vah shishh‍t brahman aur kshatriyoan ka sanatan dharm kaha jata hai. (isi ko prajapath‍y vivah kahate haian). yudhishthir! jab kanh‍ya ke mata-pita apane pasand kiye hue var ko chho dakar jise kanh‍ya pasand karati ho tatha jo kanh‍ya ko chahata ho, aise var ke sath us kanh‍ya ka vivah karate haian, tab vedavetta purush us vivah ko ganh‍dharv dharm (ganh‍dharv vivah) kahate haian. nareshh‍var! kanh‍ya ke banh‍dhu-banh‍dhavoan ko lobh mean dalakar unh‍hean bahut-sa dhan dekar jo kanh‍ya ko kharid le jata hai, ise manishi purush asuroan ka dharm (asur vivah) kahate haian. tat! isi prakar kanya ke rote hue abhibhavakoan ko marakar, unake mastak katakar roti huee kanh‍ya ko usake ghar se balapoorvak har lana rakshasoan ka kam (rakshas vivah) kaha jata hai.

yudhishthir! in paanch (brahm, prajapath‍y, ganh‍dharv, asur aur rakshas) vivahoan mean se poorvakathit tin vivah dharmanukul haian aur shesh do papamay haian. asur aur rakshas vivah kisi prakar bhi nahian karane chahiye.[1]

narashreshh‍th! brahm, kshatr (prajapath‍y) tatha ganh‍dharv- ye tin vivah dharmanukul bataye gaye haian. ye prithak hoan ya anh‍y vivahoan se mishrit, karane hi yogh‍y haian. isamean sanshay nahian hai. brahman ke liye tin bharyaean batayi gayi haian (brahman kanh‍ya, kshatriy kanh‍ya aur vaishh‍y kanh‍ya), kshatriy ke liye do bharyaean kahi jati haian (kshatriy kanh‍ya aur vaishh‍y kanh‍ya). vaishy keval apani hi jati ki kanh‍ya ke sath vivah kare. in striyoan se jo santanean uth‍panh‍n hoti haian, ve pita ke saman varn vali hoti haian (mataoan ke kul ya varn ke karan unamean koee taratamh‍y nahian hota). brahman ki patniyoan mean brahman kanh‍ya shreshh‍th mani jati hai, kshatriy ke liye kshatriy kanh‍ya shreshh‍th hai (vaishh‍y ki to ek hi path‍ni hoti hai; at: vah shreshh‍th hai hi). kuchh logoan ka mat hai ki rati ke liye shoodr jati ki kanh‍ya se bhi vivah kiya ja sakata hai; parantu aur log aisa nahian manate (ve shoodr kanh‍ya ko traivarnikoan ke liye agrahy batalate haian). shreshh‍th purush brahman ka shudr kanh‍ya ke garbh se santan uth‍panh‍n karana achh‍chha nahian manate. shoodra ke garbh se santan uth‍panh‍n karane vala prayashchit ka bhagi hota hai. tis varsh ka purush das varsh ki kanh‍ya ko, jo rajash‍vala n huee ho, path‍ni roop mean praph‍t kare athava ikh‍kis varsh ka purush sat varsh ki kumari ke sath vivah kare.

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tika tippani aur sandarbh

  1. sh‍mritiyoan mean nimh‍nalikhit ath vivah batalaye gaye haian- brahm, daiv, arsh, prajapath‍y, ganh‍dharv, asur, rakshas aur paishach. kiantu yahaan 1. brahm, 2. prajapath‍y, 3. ganh‍dharv, 4. asur aur 5. rakshas- inh‍hian paanch vivahoan ka ulh‍lekh kiya gaya hai; at: yahaan jo brahm vivah hai, usi mean sh‍mritikathit daiv aur arsh vivahoan ka bhi anh‍tarbhav samajhana chahiye. isi prakar yahaan bataye hue rakshas vivah mean uparyukh‍t paishach vivah ka samavesh kar lena chahiye. prajapath‍ya ko hi ‘kshatr’ vivah bhi kaha jata hai.

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