महाभारत भीष्म पर्व अध्याय 34 श्लोक 1-6

chatustriansh (34) adhyay: bhishm parv (shrimadbhagavadgita parv)

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mahabharat: bhishm parv: chatustriansh adhyay: shlok 1-6 ka hindi anuvad
bhagavanh ki vibhootti aur yogashakti ka tatha prabhavasahit bhaktiyog ka kathan, arjun ke poochhane par bhagavanh dvara apani vibhootiyoan ka aur yogashakti ka pun:varnan

shrimadbhagavadgita a‍dhyay 10

sanbandh- gita ke satavean adhh‍yay se lekar navean adhh‍yay tak vijnan-sahit jnan ka jo varnan kiya gaya, usake bahut gamh‍bhir ho jane ke karan ab pun: usi vishay ko doosare prakar se bhalibhaanti samajhane ke liye dasavean adhh‍yay ka aramh‍bh kiya jata hai. yahaan pahale shlok mean bhagavanh poorvokh‍t vishay ka hi pun: varnan karane ki pratijna karate haian-

shribhagavanh bole- he mahabaho! phir bhi tere param rahash‍y aur prabhavayukh‍t vachan ko sun,[1] jise maian tujh atishay prem rakhane vale ke liye hit ki ichh‍chha se kahooanga.[2] sanbandh- pahale shlok mean bhagavanh ne jis vishay par kahane ki pratijna ki hai, usaka varnan aramh‍bh karate hue ve pahale paanch shlokoan mean yogashabh‍davachh‍y prabhav ka aur apani vibhooti ka sankshiph‍t varnan karate haian.

meri uth‍patti ko arthath lila se prakat hone ko n devata-log janate haian aur n maharshijan[3] hi janate haian,[4] kh‍yoanki maian sab prakar se devataoan ka aur maharshiyoan ka bhi adikaran hooan.[5] jo mujhako ajanh‍ma arthath vash‍tav mean janh‍marahit, anadi aur lokoan ka mahanh tatth‍v se janata hai,[6] vah manushh‍yoan mean jnanavanh purush samh‍poorn papoan se mukh‍t ho jata hai.

nishchay karane ki shakti,[7] yatharth jnan,[8] asamh‍moodhata,[9] kshama,[10] sath‍y,[11] indriyoan ka vash mean karana, man ka nigrah tatha sukh-du:kh,[12] uth‍pati-pralay aur bhay-abhay[13] tatha ahiansa,[14] samata,[15] santosh,[16] tap,[17] dan,[18] kirti aur apakirti-aise ye praniyoan ke nana prakar ke bhav mujhase hi hote haian.[19] sat maharshijan,[20] char[21] unase bhi poorv mean hone vale sanakadi tatha sh‍vayamh‍bhuv adi chaudah manu[22] ye mujhamean bhav vale sab ke sab mere sankalh‍p se uth‍panh‍n hue hai,[23] jinaki sansar mean yah samh‍poorn praja hai.

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tika tippani aur sandarbh

  1. is adhh‍yay mean bhagavanh ne apane gun, prabhav aur tatth‍v ka rahash‍y samajhane ke liye jo upadesh diya hai, vahi ‘param vachan’ hai aur use phir se sunane ke liye kahakar bhagavanh ne yah bhav dikhalaya hai ki meri bhakti ka tatth‍v ath‍yant hi gahan hai; at: use bar-bar sunana param avashh‍yak samajhakar b di savadhani ke sath shraddha aur premapoorvak sunana chahiye.
  2. is adhh‍yay mean bhagavanh ne apane gun, prabhav aur tatth‍v ka rahash‍y samajhane ke liye jo upadesh diya hai, vahi ‘param vachan’ hai aur use phir se sunane ke liye kahakar bhagavanh ne yah bhav dikhalaya hai ki meri bhakti ka tatth‍v ath‍yant hi gahan hai; at: use bar-bar sunana param avashh‍yak samajhakar b di savadhani ke sath shraddha aur premapoorvak sunana chahiye.
  3. ‘maharshay:’ pad se yahaan saph‍t maharshiyoan ko samajhana chahiye.
  4. bhagavanh ka apane atulaniy prabhav se jagath ka srijan, palan aur sanhar karane ke liye brahma, vishnu aur rudr ke roop mean, dushtoan ke vinash, dharm ke vinash, dharm ke sansh‍thapan tatha nana prakar ki lilaoan ke dvara jagath ke praniyoan ke uddhar ke liye shriram, shrikrishn adi divh‍y avataroan ke roop mean; bhakh‍toan ko darshan dekar unh‍hean kritarth karane ke liye unake ichh‍chhanuroop nana roopoan mean tatha lilavaichivh‍y ki ananh‍t dhara pravahit karane ke liye samash‍t vishv ke roop mean jo prakat hona hai- usi ka vachak yahaan ‘prabhav’ shabh‍d hai. use devasamuday aur maharshilog nahian janate, is kathan se bhagavanne yah bhav dikhalaya hai ki maian kis-kis samay kin-kin roopoan mean kin-kin hetuoan se kis prakar prakat hota hai- isake rahash‍y ko sadharan manushh‍yoan ki to bat hi kh‍ya hai, atindriy vishayoan ko samajhane mean samarth devata aur maharshi log bhi yathartharoop se nahian janate.
  5. is kathan se bhagavanh ne yah bhav dikhalaya hai ki jin devata aur m‍harshiyoan se is sare jagath ki uth‍patti huee hai, ve sab mujhase hi uth‍panh‍n hue haian; unaka nimith‍t aur upadan karan maian hi hooan aur unamean jo vidya, buddhi, shakti, tej adi prabhav haian- ve sab bhi unh‍hean mujhase hi milate haian. ‘suragan:’ pad ekadash rudr, ath vasu, barah adith‍y, prajapati, unchas marudgan, ashrvini kumar aur inh‍dr adi jitane bhi shash‍triy devataoan ke samuday haian- un sabaka vachak hai.
  6. bhagavanh apani yogamaya se nana roopoan mean prakat hote hue bhi ajanh‍ma haian (gita 4.6), anh‍y jivoan ki bhaanti unaka janh‍m nahian hota, ve apane bhakh‍toan ko sukh dene aur dharm ki sh‍thapana karane ke liye keval janh‍madharan ki lila kiya karate haian-is bat ko shraddha or vishvas ke sath thik-thik samajh lena tatha isamean jara bhi sandeh n karana-yahi ‘bhagavanh-ko ajanh‍ma janana’ hai tatha bhagavanh hi sabake adi arthath mahakaran haian, unaka koee nahian hai; ve nith‍y haian tatha sada se haian, anh‍y padarthoan ki bhaanti unaka kisi kalavishesh se aramh‍bh nahian hua hai-is bat ko shraddha aur vishvas ke sath thik-thik samajh lena- ‘bhagavanh ko anadi janana’ hai. evan jitane bhi eeshvar koti mean gine jane vale inh‍dr, varun, yam, prajapati adi lokapal haian-bhagavanh un sabake mahanh eeshh‍var haian; ve hi sabake niyanta, prerak, karta, harta, sab prakar se sabaka bharan-poshan aur sanrakshan karane vale sarvashaktimanh parameshvar haian- is bat ko shraddhapoorvak sanshayarahit thik-thik samajh lena ‘bhagavanh ko lokoan ka mahanh eeshvar janana’ hai.
  7. kartavh‍y-akartavh‍y, grahy-agrahy aur bhale-bure adi ka nirnay karake nishchay karane vali jo vritti hai, use ‘buddhi’ kahate haian.
  8. kisi bhi padarth ko yatharth jan lena ‘jnan’ hai; yahaan ‘jnan’ shabh‍d sadharan jnan se lekar bhagavanh ke sh‍varoopajnan- tak sabhi prakar ke jnan ka vachak hai.
  9. bhogasakh‍t manushh‍yoan ko nith‍y aur sukhaprad pratit hone vale ke samash‍t saansarik bhogoan ko anith‍y, kshanik aur du:kh-moolak samajhakar uname mohit n hona-yahi ‘asamh‍moh’ hai.
  10. bura chahana, bura karana, ghanadi har lena, apaman karana, aghat pahuanchana, k di jaban kahana ya gali dena, nianda ya chugali karana, ag lagana, vish dena, mar dalana aur prath‍yaksh ya aprath‍yaksh mean kshati pahuanchana adi jitane bhi aparadh haian, inamean se ek ya adhik kisi prakar ka bhi aparadh karane vala koee bhi prani kh‍yoan n ho, apane mean badala lene ka poora samarthh‍y rahane par bhi usase us aparadh ka kisi prakar bhi badala lene ki ichh‍chha ka sarvatha th‍yag kar dena aur us aparadh ke karan us is lok ya paralok mean koee bhi danh‍d n mile-aisa bhav hona 'kshama' hai.
  11. indriy aur anh‍t:karan dvara ja bat jis roop mean dekhi, suni aur anubhav ki gayi ho, thik usi roop mean doosare ko samajhane ke uddeshh‍y se hitakar priy shabh‍doan mean usako prakat karana 'sath‍y' hai.
  12. 'sukh' shabh‍d yahaan priy (anukool) vash‍tu ke sanyog se aur apriy (pratikul) ke viyog se hone vale sab prakar ke sukhoan-ka vachak hai. isi prakar priy ke viyog se apriy ke sanyog se hone vale 'adhibhautik' 'adhidaivik' aur adhh‍yatmik-sab prakar ke du:khoan ka vachak yahaan 'du:kh' shabh‍d hai. manushh‍y, pashu, pakshi, kit, patang adi praniyoan ke nimith‍t se praph‍t hone vale kashh‍toan ko 'adhibhautik', anavrishti, ati‍vrishti, bhookamh‍p, vajrapat aur akal adi daiviprakop se hone vale kashh‍toan ko 'adhidaivik' aur sharir, indriy tatha anh‍t:karan mean kisi prakar ke rog se hone vale kashh‍toan ko 'adhh‍yatmik' du:kh kahate haian.
  13. sargakal mean samash‍t charachar jagath ka uth‍panh‍n hona 'bhav' hai, pralayakal mean usaka lin ho jana 'abhav' hai. kisi prakar ki hani ya mrith‍yu ke karan ko dekhakar anh‍t:karan mean uth‍panh‍n hone vale bhav ka nam 'bhay' hai aur sarvatr ek parameshvar ko vh‍yaph‍t samajh lene se athava anh‍y kisi karan se bhay ka jo sarvatha abhav ho jana hai vah 'abhay' hai.
  14. kisi bhi prani ko kisi bhi samay kisi bhi prakar se man, vani ya sharir ke dvara jara bhi kashh‍t n pahuanchane ke bhav ko ‘ahiansa’ kahate haian.
  15. sukh-du:kh, labh-hani, jay-parajay, nianda-sh‍tuti, man-apaman, mitr-shatru adi jitane bhi kriya, padarth aur ghatana adi vishamata hetu mane jate haian, un sabamean nirantar rag dvesharahit samabuddhi rahane ke bhav ko 'samata' kahate haian.
  16. jo kuchh bhi praph‍t ho jay, use prarabh‍dh ka bhog ya bhagavanh ka vidhan samajhakar sada santushh‍t rahane ke bhav ko 'tushti' kahate haian.
  17. sh‍vadharm-palan ke liye kashh‍t sahan karana 'tap' hai.
  18. apane sh‍vath‍v ko doosaroan ke hit ke liye vitaran karana 'dan' hai.
  19. is kathan se bhagavanh ne yah bhav dikhalaya hai ki vibhinh‍n praniyoan ke unaki prakriti ke anusar uparyukh‍t prakar ke jitane bhi vibhinh‍n bhav hote haian, ve sab mujhase hi hote haian, arthath ve sab meri hi sahayata, shakti aur sataye hote haian. 'maianne vividh prakar ke lokoan ko uth‍panh‍n karane ki ichh‍chha se jo sabase pahale tap kiya, us meri akhandit tapash‍ya se hi bhagavanh sh‍vayan sanak, sanandan, sanatan aur sanath‍kumar-in char 'san' nam vale roopoan mean prakat hue aur poorvakalh‍y mean pralay-kal ke samay jo ath‍matath‍th‍v ke jnan ke prachar is sansar mean nashh‍t ho gaya tha, usaka inh‍hoanne bhalibhaanti upadesh kiya, jisase un muniyoan ne apane hriday mean ath‍mh‍tattv sakshath‍kar kiya.'
  20. saph‍tarshiyoan ke lakshan batalate hue kaha gaya hai-

    etanh bhavanadhiyata ye chait rrishayo mata:.
    saph‍taite saph‍tabhishh‍chaiv gunai: saph‍tarshaya samrita:..
    dirghayusho manh‍trakrit eeshvara divh‍yachakshush:.
    vriddha: prath‍yakshadharmano gotrapravartakashch.. (vayupuran 61.93-94)

    'tatha devarshiyoan ke in (uparyukh‍t) bhavoan ka jo adhh‍yayan (sh‍maran) karane vale haian, ve rrishi mane gaye haian; in rrishiyoan mean jo dirghayu, manh‍trakarta, aishvaryavanh, divh‍y-drishtiyukh‍t, gun, vidya aur ayu mean vriddh, dharm ka prath‍yaksh (sakshath‍kar) karane vale aur gotr chalane vale haian- aise satoan gunoan se yukh‍t sat rrishiyoan ko hi saph‍tarshi kahate haian.' inh‍hian se praja ka vish‍tar hota hai aur dharm ki vh‍yavash‍tha chalati hai. yahaan jin saph‍tarshiyoan ka varnan hai, unako bhagavanh ne 'maharshi' kaha hai aur unh‍hean sankalh‍p se uth‍panh‍n batalaya hai. isaliye yahaan unh‍hian ka lakshy hai, jo rrishiyoan se bhi uchh‍ch sh‍tar ke haian. aise saph‍tarshiyoan ka ulh‍lekh mahabharat-shaantiparv mean milata hai; inake liye sakshath param purush parameshvar ne devataoan sahit brahma ji se kaha hai-

    marichirangirashchatri pulash‍th‍y: kratu:.
    vasishh‍th iti saph‍taite manasa nirmita hi te..
    ete vedavido mookhh‍ya vedacharyashy kalpita:.
    pravrittidharminashh‍chaiv prajapath‍ye ch kalpita:.. (maha. shaanti. 349.69-70)

    'marichi, aangira, atri, pulash‍th‍y, pulah, kratu aur vasishh‍th– ye satoan maharshi tumh‍hare (brahma ji ke) dvara hi apane mane se rache hue haian. ye satoan ved ke jnata haian, inako maianne mukhh‍y vedachary banaya hai. ye pravrittimarg ka sanchalan karane vale haian aur (mere hi dvara) prajapati ke karm mean niyukh‍t kiye gaye haian.' is kalh‍p sarvapratham sh‍vayamh‍bhuv manh‍vantar ke saph‍tarshi yahi haian (harivansh. 7.8, 9). atev yahaan saph‍tarshiyoan se inh‍hi ka grahan karana chahiye.
  21. 'chath‍var' poorve' se sabase pahale hone vale sanak, sanandan, sanatan aur sanath‍kumar- in charoan ko lena chahiye. ye bhi bhagavanh ke hi sh‍varoop haian aur brahma ji ke tap karane par sh‍vechh‍chha se prakat hue haian. brahma ji ne sh‍vayan kaha hai-

    taph‍tan tapo vividhalokasisrikshaya mean adau sanath sh‍vatapas: s chatu:sanoabhooth.
    prakh‍kalh‍pasamh‍plav vinashh‍tamihath‍matattvan samh‍yagh jagad munayo yadachakshatath‍manh.. (shrimadbhagavat 2.7.5)

  22. brahma ke e‍k din mean chaudah manu hote haian, prath‍yek manu ke adhikar kal ko 'manh‍tanr' kahate haian. ikahath‍tar chaturyugi se kuchh adhik kal ka ek manh‍vantar hota hai. manavi varsh ganana ke hisab se ek manh‍vantar tis karo d s dasath lakap bis hajar varsh se aur divh‍y-varshaganana ke hisab se ath lakh bavan hajar varsh se kuchh adhik kal ka hota hai (vishh‍nupuran 13) sooryasiddhaant mean manh‍vantar adi ka jo varnan hai, usake anusar is prakar samajhana chahiye- sauraman se 43,20,000 varsh ki athava devaman se 12,000 varsh ki ek chaturyugi hoti hai. isi ko mahayug kahate haian. aise ikahath‍tar yugoan ka ek manh‍vantar hota hai. prath‍yek manh‍vantar ke aant mean sath‍yayug ke man ki arthath 17,28,000 varsh ki sandhh‍ya hoti hai. manh‍vantar bitane par jab sandhh‍ya hoti hai, tab sari prithh‍vi jal mean doob jati hai. prath‍yek kalh‍p mean (brahma ke ek din mean) chaudah manh‍vantar apani-apani sandhyaoan ke man ke sahit hote haian. isake siva kalh‍p ke aramh‍bhakal mean ek sath‍yayug ke man kal ki sandhh‍ya hoti hai. is prakar ek kalh‍p ke chaudah manuoan mean 71 chaturyugi ke atirikh‍t sath‍yayug ke man ki 15 sandhh‍yaean hoti haian. 71 mahayugoan ke man se 14 manuoan mean 994 mahayug hote haian aur sath‍yayug ke man ki 15 sandhh‍yaoan ka kal poora 6 mahayugoan ke saman ho jata hai. donoan ka yog milane par poore ek hajar mahayug ya divh‍yayug bit jate haian. is hisab se nimh‍nalikhit aankoan ke dvara isako samajhiye–

                                                    sauraman ya manav varsh - devaman ya divh‍y varsh
    ek chaturyugi (mahayug ya divh‍yayug) - 43,20,000 - 12,000
    ikahath‍tar chaturyugi - 30,67,20, - 8,52,000
    kalh‍paki sandhi - 17,28,000 - 4,800
    manh‍vantar ki chaudah sandhh‍ya - 2,41,92,000 - 67,200
    sandhisahit ek manh‍vantar - 30,84,48,000 - 8,56,800
    chaudah sandhh‍yasahit chaudah manh‍vantar - 4,31,82,72,000 - 1,19,96,200
    kalh‍p ki sandhisahit chaudah manh‍vantar ya ek kalh‍p - 4,32,00,00,000 - 1,20,00,000

    brahma ji ka din hi kalh‍p hai, itani hi b di unaki ratri hai. is ahoratr ke man se brahmaji ki paramayu ek sau varsh hai. ise 'par' kahate haian. is samay brahmaji apani ayu ka adha bhag arthath ek pararddh bitakar doosare pararddh mean chal rahe haian. yah unake 51 ve varsh ka pratham din ya kalh‍p hai. vartaman kalh‍p ke aramh‍bh mean ab tak sh‍vayamh‍bhuv adi chh: manh‍vantar apani-apani sandhh‍yaoan sahit bit chuke haian, kalh‍p ki sandhh‍ya samet sat sandhh‍yaean bit chuki haian. vartaman satavean vaivash‍tan manh‍vantar ke 27 chaturyug bit chuke haian. is samay atthaeesavean chaturyug ke kaliyug ka sandhh‍yakal chal raha hai. (sooryasiddhat, madhh‍yamadhikar, shh‍lok 15 se 14 dekhiye) is 2013 vi. tak kaliyug ke 5057 varsh bite haian. kaliyug ke arambh mean 36,000 varsh sandhh‍yakal ka man hota hai. is hisab se abhi kaliyug ki sandhh‍ya ke 30,943 saur varsh bitane baki haian. prath‍yek manh‍vantar mean dharm ki vh‍yavash‍tha aur lokarakshan ke liye bhinh‍n–bhinh‍n saph‍tarshi hote haian. ek manh‍vantar ke bit jane par jab manu badal jate haian, tab unh‍hian ke sath saph‍tarshi, devata, inh‍dr aur manuputr bhi badal jate haian. vartaman kalh‍p ke manuoan ke nam ye haian- sh‍vayamh‍bhuv, sh‍varochish, uth‍tam, tamas, raivat, chakshush, vaivash‍vat, sa‍varni, dakshasa‍varni, brahmasavarni, dharmasavarni, rudrasavarni, devasavarni aur inh‍drasavarni. chaudah manuoan ka ek kalh‍p bit jane par sab manu bhi badal jate haian.

  23. ye sabhi bhagavanh mean shraddha or prem rakhane vale haian, yahi bhav dikhalane ke liye inako mujh mean bhav vale batalaya gaya hai tatha inaki jo brahmaji se uth‍patti hoti hai, vah vash‍tut: bhagavanh se hi hoti hai kh‍yoanki sh‍vayan bhagavanh hi jagath ki rachana ke liye brahma ka roop dharan karate haian. atev brahma ke man se uth‍panh‍n hone valoan ko bhagavanh 'apane man se uth‍panh‍n hone vale' kahean to isamean koee virodh ki bat nahian hai.

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

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