कृष्ण

sankshipt parichay
krishn
Radha-Krishna-1.jpg
any nam vasudev, mohan, dvarikadhish, keshav, gopal, nandalal, baanke bihari, kanhaiya, giradhari, murari, mukuand, govind, yadunandan, ranachhod adi
avatar solah kala yukt poornavatar (vishnu)
vansh-gotr vrishni vansh (chandravansh)
kul yadukul
pita vasudev
mata devaki
palak pita nandababa
palak mata yashoda
janm vivaran bhadrapad, krishnapaksh, ashtami
samay-kal mahabharat kal
parijan rohini (vimata) balaram (bhaee), subhadra (bahan), gad (bhaee)
guru sandipan, aangiras
vivah rukmini, satyabhama, jaanbavati, mitravianda, bhadra, satya, lakshmana, kaliandi
santan pradyumn, aniruddh, saanb
vidya parangat solah kala, chakr chalana
rachanaean 'gita'
shasan-rajy dvarika
sandarbh granth 'mahabharat', 'bhagavat', 'chhandogy upanishad'.
mrityu pair mean tir lagane se.

shrikrishn ko hindoo dharm mean bhagavan vishnu ka avatar mana jata hai. sanatan dharm ke anusar bhagavan vishnu sarvapapahari pavitr aur samast manushyoan ko bhog tatha moksh pradan karane vale pramukh devata haian. shrikrishn sadharan vyakti n hokar 'yug purush' the. unake vyaktitv mean bharat ko ek pratibha sampann 'rajanitivetta' hi nahi, ek mahan 'karmayogi' aur 'darshanik' prapt hua, jisaka 'gita' jnan samast manav-jati evan sabhi desh-kal ke lie path-pradarshak hai. krishn ki stuti lagabhag sare bharat mean kisi n kisi roop mean ki jati hai. ve log jinhean ham sadharan roop mean nastik ya dharm nirapeksh ki shreni mean rakhate haian, nishchit roop se 'shrimadh‍ bhagavadgita' se prabhavit haian. 'gita' kisane aur kis kal mean kahi ya likhi yah shodh ka vishay hai, kintu 'gita' ko krishn se hi jo da jata hai. yah astha ka prashn hai aur yooan bhi astha ke prashnoan ke uttar itihas mean nahian talashe jate. krishn

braj

braj ya shoorasen janapad ke itihas mean shrikrishn ka samay b de mahattv ka hai. isi samay mean prajatantr aur nripatantr ke bich kathor sangharsh hue. magadh rajy ki shakti ka vistar hua aur bharat ka vah mahan bhishan sangram hua, jise mahabharat yuddh kahate haian. in rajanitik halachaloan ke atirikt is kal ka saanskritik mahattv bhi hai. mathura nagari is mahan vibhooti ka janmasthan hone ke karan dhany ho gee. mathura hi nahian, sara shoorasen ya braj janapad anandakand krishn ki manohar lilaoan ki kri dabhoomi hone ke karan gauravanvit ho gaya. mathura aur braj ko kalaantar mean jo asadharan mahattv prapt hua, vah is mahapurush ki janmabhoomi aur kri dabhoomi hone ke karan hi prapt hua. shrikrishn bhagavat dharm ke mahan srot hue. is dharm ne koti-koti bharatiy jan ka anuranjan to kiya hi, sath hi kitane hi videshi isake dvara prabhavit hue. prachin aur arvachin sahity ka ek b da bhag krishn ki manohar lilaoan se ot-prot hai. unake lokaranjak roop ne bharatiy janata ke manas-patal par jo chhap laga di hai, vah amit hai. braj mean bhagavan shrikrishn ko log kee namoan se pukarate hai- kanha, gopal, giradhar, madhav, keshav, madhusoodan, giradhari, ranachho d, banshidhar, nandalal, muralidhar adi namoan se jane jate haian.

krishn janm ka samay

vartaman aitihasik anusandhanoan ke adhar par shrikrishn ka janm lagabhag ee. poo. 1500 mana jata hai. ye sambhavat: 100 varsh se kuchh oopar ki ayu tak jivit rahe. apane is dirgh jivan mean unhean vividh prakar ke karyoan mean vyast rahana p da. unaka praranbhik jivan to braj mean kata aur shesh dvaraka mean vyatit hua. bich-bich mean unhean any anek janapadoan mean bhi jana p da. jo anek ghatanaean unake samay mean ghatian, unaki vistrit charcha puranoan tatha mahabharat mean milati hai. vaidik sahity[1] mean to krishn ka ullekh bahut kam milata hai aur usamean unhean manav-roop mean hi dikhaya gaya hai, n ki narayan ya vishnu ke avatar roop mean.

vishnu ke avatar

sanatan dharm ke anusar bhagavan vishnu sarvapapahari pavitr aur samast manushyoan ko bhog tatha moksh pradan karane vale pramukh devata haian. jab-jab is prithvi par asur evan rakshasoan ke papoan ka atank vyapt hota hai, tab-tab bhagavan vishnu kisi n kisi roop mean avatarit hokar prithvi ke bhar ko kam karate haian. vaise to bhagavan vishnu ne abhi tak teees avataroan ko dharan kiya. in avataroan mean unake sabase mahattvapoorn avatar 'shriram' aur 'shrikrishn' ke hi mane jate haian. shrikrishn aitihasik purush the, isaka spasht praman 'chhandogy upanishad' ke ek ullekh mean milata hai. vahaan[2] kaha gaya hai ki "devaki putr shrikrishn ko maharshidev:koti aangiras ne nishkam karm roop yajn upasana ki shiksha di thi, jise grahan kar shrikrishn 'tript' arthat poorn purush ho ge the." shrikrishn ka jivan, jaisa ki mahabharat mean varnit hai, isi shiksha se anupranit tha aur 'gita' mean usi shiksha ka pratipadan unake hi madhyam se kiya gaya hai.

shrikrishn ke 33 nam
kr. san. nam kr. san. nam
1. pitambar 2. radhapran
3. vishtarashrava 4. devakinandan
5. shrish 6. sarvaroopadhrik
7. hari 8. radhikajivan
9. achyut 10. vishnu
11. radhikaang 12. yashodanandan
13. sarvadhar 14. sarvagati
15. sarvakaranakaran 16. radhabandhu
17. radhikatma 18. sanatan
19. radhikasahachari 20. radhamanasapoorak
21. radhadhan 22. sarvesh
23. radhikasaktamanas 24. krishn
25. radhikesh 26. radhikaraman
27. radhikachittachor 28. radhapranadhik
29. prabhu 30. paripoornatam
31. brahm 32. govind
33. garu dadhvaj



krishn sambandhit lekh


vithika

tika tippani aur sandarbh

  1. chhaandogy upanishad (3,17,6), jisamean devaki putr krishn ka ullekh hai aur unhean ghor aangiras ka shishy kaha hai, paravarti sahity mean shrikrishn ko dev ya vishnu roop mean pradarshit karane ka bhav milata hai. (taittiriy aranyak, 10, 1, 6; panini-ashtadhyayi, 4, 3, 98 adi) mahabharat tatha harivansh puran, vishnu puran, brahm puran, vayu puran, bhagavat, padm puran, devi bhagavat, agni puran tatha brahmavart puranoan mean unhean pray: bhagavan ke roop mean hi dikhaya gaya hai. in granthoan mean yadyapi krishn ke alaukik tattv ki pradhanata hai to bhi unake manav ya aitihasik roop ke bhi darshan yatr-tatr milate haian. puranoan mean krishn-sanbandhi vibhinn varnanoan ke adhar par kuchh pashchaty vidvanoan ko yah kalpana karane ka avasar mila ki krishn aitihasik purush nahian the. is kalpana ki pushti mean anek dalilean di gee haian, jo thik nahian siddh hotian. yadi mahabharat aur puranoan ke atirikt, brahman-granthoan tatha upanishadoan ke ullekh dekhe jayean to krishn ke aitihasik tattv ka pata chal jayaga. bauddh-granth ghat jatak tatha jain-granth 'uttaradhyayan sootr' se bhi shrikrishn ka aitihasik hona siddh hai. yah mat bhi bhramak hai ki braj ke krishn, dvaraka ke krishn tatha mahabharat ke krishn ek n hokar alag-alag vyakti the. (shrikrishn ki aitihasikata tatha tatsanbandhi any samasyaoan ke lie dekhie- ray chaudhari-arli histri aauph vaishnav sekt, pri. 39, 52; ar.ji. bhandarakar-granthamala, jild 2, pri0 58-291; viantaranij-histri aauph iandiyan litarechar, jild 1, pri. 456; maikad aaunal tatha kith-vaidik iandeks, ji.1, pri. 184; griyarsan-enasaiklopidiya aauph rilijans ('bhakti' par nibandh); bhagavanadas- krishn; tadapatrikar-d krishn prayalam; parjitar-ऎshyant iandiyan hist aaurikal tredishan adi.
  2. 3.17.6

sanbandhit lekh

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