महाभारत भीष्म पर्व अध्याय 42 श्लोक 1-5

dvichatvariansh (42) adhyay: bhishm parv (shrimadbhagavadgita parv)

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mahabharat: bhishm parv: dvichatvariansh adhyay: shlok 1-5 ka hindi anuvad

tyag ka, saankhyasiddhant ka, phalasahit varn-dharm ka, upasana sahit jnananishtha ka, bhakti sahit nishkam karmayog ka evan gita ke mahatmay ka varnan

shrimadbhagavadgita a‍dhyay 18

sambandh- gita ke doosare adhyay ke gyarahavean shlok se gita ke upadesh ka arambh hua. vahaan se arambh karake tisavean shlok tak bhagavanh ne arjun ko jnan yog ka upadesh diya. aur prasangavash kshatradharm ki drishti se yuddh karane ki kartavyata ka pratipadan karake unchalisavean shlok se lekar adhyay ki samapti paryant karmayog ka upadesh diya, usake bad tisare adhyay se satrahavean adhyay tak kahian jnanayog ki drishti se aur kahi karmayog ki drishti se paramatma ki prapti ke bahut se sadhan batalaye. un sabako sunane ke anantar ab arjun is atharahavean adhyay mean samast adhyayoan ke upadesh ka sar janane ke uddeshy se bhagavanh ke samane sannyas yani jnanayog ka aur tyag yani phalasakti ke tyagaroop karmayog ka tattv bhalibhaanti alag-alag janane ki ichchha prakat karate haian- arjun bole- he mahabaho! he antaryaminh! he vasudev! maian sannyas aur tyag ke tattv ko prithakh-prithak janana chahata hooan.[1]

shribhagavanh bole- he arjun! kitane hi panditajan to kamy karmoan ke[2] tyag ko sannyas samajhate haian tatha doosare vicharakushal purush sab karmoan ke phal ke tyag ko tyag kahate haian.[3] kee ek vidvan aisa kahate haian ki karmamatr doshayukt hai, isaliye tyagane ke yogy hai[4] aur doosare vidvan yah kahate haian ki yajn, dan aur tap roop karm tyagane yogy nahian hai.[5]

sambandh- is prakar sannyas aur tyag ke vishayoan mean vidvanoan ke bhinn-bhinn mat batalakar ab bhagavanh tyag ke vishay mean apana nishchay batalana arambh karate haian, krishn kahate haian- he purush arjun! sannyas aur tyag, in donoan mean se pahale tyag ke vishay mean too mera nishchay sun; kh‍yoanki tyag sattvik, rajas aur tamas-bhed se tin prakar ka kaha gaya hai. yajn, dan aur taparoop karm tyag karane ke yogy nahian hai, balki vah to avashy kartavy hai[6] kh‍yoanki yajn, dan aur tap- ye tinoan hi karm buddhiman purushoan ko pavitr karane vale hai.

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tika tippani aur sandarbh

  1. arjun ke prashn ka yah bhav hai ki sannyas (jnanayog) ka kya svaroop hai, usamean kaun-kaun se bhav aur karm sahayak evan kaun-kaun se badhak hai, upasana sahit saankhyayog ka aur keval saankhyayog ka sadhak kis prakar kiya jata hai isi prakar tyag (phalasakti ke tyagaroop karmayog) ka kya svaroop hai; keval karmayog sadhan kis prakar hota hai, kya karana isake liye upayogi hai aur kya karana isamean badhak hai; bhaktimishrit evan bhaktipradhan karmayog kaun sa hai; bhaktipradhan karm yog kaun-sa hai tatha laukik aur shastriy karm karate hue bhaktimishrit evan bhaktipradhan karmayog ka sadhan kis prakar kiya jata hai- in sab batoan ko bhi mai bhalibhaanti janana chahata hooan.
    uttar mean bhagavanh is adhyay ke terahavean se satarahavean shlok tak sannyas (jnanayog) ka svaroop batalaya hai. unnisavean se chalisavean shlok tak jo sattvik bhav aur karm batalaye haian, ve isake sadhan mean upayogi haian aur rajas, tamas isake virodhi haian. pachasavean se pachapanavean tak upasana sahit saankhyayog ki vidhi aur phal batalaya hai tatha satrahavean shlok mean keval saankhyayog ka sadhan karane ka prakar batalaya hai.
    isi prakar chhathe shlok mean (phalasakti tyagaroop) karmayog ka svaroop batalaya hai. navean shlok mean sattvik tyag ke nam se keval karmayog ke sadhan ki pranali batalayi hai. saitalisavean aur a datalisavean shlokoan mean svadharm ke palan ko is sadhan mean upayogi batalaya hai aur satavean tatha athavean shlokoan mean varnit tamas, rajas tyag ko isamean badhak batalaya hai. paitalisavean aur chhiyalisavean shlokoan mean bhaktimishrit karmayog ka aur chhappanavean se chhachhathavean shlok tak bhaktipradhan karmayog ka varnan hai. chhiyalisavean shlok mean laukik aur shastriy samast karm karate hue bhaktimishrit karmayog ke sadhan karane ki riti batalayi hai aur sattavanavean shlok mean bhagavanh ne bhaktipradhan karmayog ke sadhan karane ki riti batalayi haian.
  2. stri, purush, dhan aur svargadi priy vastuoan ki prapti ke liye aur rog sankatadi apriy ki nivritti ke liye yajn, dan, tap aur upasana adi jin shubh karmoan ka shastroan mean vidhan kiya gaya hai- aise shubh karmoan ka nam ‘kamyakarm’ hai.
  3. eeshvar ki bhakti, devataoan ka poojan, mata-pita gurujanoan ki seva, yajn, dan aur tap tatha varnashram ke anusar jivika ke karm aur sharir sambandhi khan-pan ityadi jitane bhi shastravihit kartavy karm hai, unake anushthan se prapt hone vale stri, purush, dhan, man, b daee, pratishtha aur svarg sukh adi jitane bhi is lok aur paralok ke bhog haian- un sabaki kamana ka sarvatha tyag kar dena hi samast karmo ke phal ka tyag karana hai.
  4. arambh (kriya) matr mean hi kuchh-n-kuchh pap ka sambandh ho jata hai, atah vihit karm bhi sarvatha nirdosh nahian hai is bhav ko lekar kitane hi vidvanoan ka kahana hai ki kalyan chahane vale manushy ko nity, naimittik aur kamy adi sabhi karmoan ka svaroop tyag kar dena chahiye.
  5. bahut-se vidvanoan ke mat mean yajn, dan, taparoop karm vastav mean doshayukt nahian hai. ve manate haian ki un karmoan ke nimitt kiye jane vale arambh mean jin avashyambhavi hiansadi papoan ka hona dekha jata hai, ve vastav mean pap nahian hai. isaliye kalyan chahane vale manushy ko nishiddh karmoan ka hi tyag karana chahiye, shastravihit kartavy karmoan ka tyag nahian karana chahiye.
  6. shastroan mean apane apane varn aur ashram ke anusar jisake liye jis karm ka vidhan hai- jisako jis samay jis prakar yajn karane ke liye, dan dene ke liye aur tap karane ke liye kaha gaya hai- use usaka tyag nahian karana chahiye, yani shastr-ajna ki avahelana nahian karani chahiye; kh‍yoanki is prakar ke tyag se kisi prakar ka labh hona to door raha, ulta pratyavay hota hai. isaliye in karmoan ka anushthan manushy ko avashy karana chahiye.

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