ashhtaviansh (28) adhyay: bhishm parv (shrimadbhagavadgita parv)
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mahabharat: bhishm parv: ashhtaviansh adhyay: shlok 9-18 ka hindi anuvad shrimadbhagavadgita adhyay 4 he arjun! mere janhm aur karm divhy arthath nirmal aur alaukik haian- is prakar jo manushhy tatthv se jan leta hai[1] vah sharir ko thyagakar phir janhm ko prapht nahian hota; kiantu mujhe hi prapht hota hai. pahale bhi jinake rag, bhay aur krodh sarvatha nashht ho gaye the or jo mujhamean ananyapremapoorvak[2] sthit rahate the, aise mere ashrit[3] rahane vale bahut se bhakt uparyukt jnanaroop tap se pavitr hokar mere svaroop ko prapt ho chuke haian.[4] he arjun! jo bhakt mujhe jis prakar bhajate haian, maian bhi unako usi prakar bhajata hooan;[5] kyoanki sabhi manushhy sab prakar se mere hi marg ka anusaran karate haian.[6] sambandh- yadi yah bat hai, to phir lok bhagavanh ko n bhajakar any devataoan ki upasana kyoan karate haian? is prakar kahate haian- is manushhyalok mean karmoan ke phal ko chahane vale log devataoan ka poojan kiya karate haian; kyoanki unako karmoan se utpann hone vali siddhi shighr mil jati hai. brahman, kshatriy, vaishy aur shoodr- in char varnoan ka samooh gun aur karmoan ke vibhagapoorvak mere dvara racha gaya hai.[7] is prakar us srishti-rachanadi karm ka karta hone par bhi mujh avinashi parameshhvar ko too vastav mean akarta hi jan.[8] karmoan ke phal mean meri spriha nahian hai, isaliye mujhe karm lipt nahian karate- is prakar jo mujhe tattv se jan leta hai, vah bhi karmoan se nahian bandhata.[9] poorvakal ke mumukshuoan ne bhi is prakar janakar hi karm kiye hai.[10] isaliye too bhi poorvajoan dvara sada se kiye jane vale karmoan ko hi kar. karm kya hai? aur akarm kya hai?- is prakar isaka nirnay karane mean buddhimanh purush bhi mohit ho jate haian. isaliye vah karm tattv maian tujhe bhalibhaanti samajhakar kahooanga, jise janakar too ashubh se arthath karmabandhan se mukt ho jayaga. karm ka svaroop bhi janana chahiye[11] aur akarm ka svaroop bhi janana chahiye[12] tatha vikarm ka svaroop bhi janana chahiye;[13] kyoanki karm ki gati gahan hai. sambandh- is prakar shrota ke ant:karan mean ruchi aur shraddha utpann karane ke liye karmatattv ko gahan evan usaka janana avashhyak batalakar ab apani pratijna ke anusar bhagavanh karm ka tattv samajhate haian- jo manushhy karm mean akarm dekhata hai aur jo akarm mean karm dekhata hai, vah manushhyoan mean buddhimanh hai aur vah yogi samast karmoan ko karane vala hai.[14] is prakar karm mean akarm aur akarm mean karmadarshan ka mahattv batalakar ab paanch shhlokoan mean bhinn-bhinn shaili se uparyukt karm mean akarm aur akarm mean karm-darshanapoorvak karm karane vale siddh aur sadhak purushoan ki asangata ka varnan karake us vishay ka spasht karate haian- |
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ sarvashaktimanh poornabrahm parameshvar vashtav mean janhm aur mrithyu se sarvatha atit hai. unaka janhm jivoan ki bhaanti nahian hai. ve apane bhakhtoan par anugrah karake apani divhy lilaoan ke dvara unake man ko apani or akarshit karane ke liye, darshan, shparsh aur bhashanadi ke dvara unako sukh pahuanchane ke liye, sansar mean apani divhy kirti phailakar usake shravan, kirtan aur shmaran dvara logoan ke papoan ka nash karane ke liye tatha jagath mean papachariyoan ka vinash karake dharm ki shthapana karane ke liye janhm-dharan ki keval lilabhav karate haian. unaka vah janhm nirdosh aur alaukik hai. jagath ka kalhyan karane ke liye hi bhagavanh is prakar manushhyadi ke roop mean logoan ke samane prakat hote haian; unaka vah vigrah prakrit upadanoan se bana hua nahian bhagavanh is prakar manushhyadi ke roop mean logoan ke samane prakat hote hai; unake janhm mean gun aur karm-sanshkar hetu nahian hote; ve maya ke vash mean hokar janhm dharan nahian karate, kiantu apani prakriti ke adhishhthata hokar yogashakti se manushhyadi ke roop mean keval logoan par daya karake hi prakat hote haian- is bat ko bhalibhaanti samajh lena hi bhagavanh ke janhm ko tatthv se divhy samajhana hai. bhagavanh srishti rachana aur avatar liladi jitane bhi karm karate haian, unamean unaka kianchinhmatr bhi shvarth ka sanbandh nahian hai; keval logoan par anugrah karane ke liye hi ve manushhyadi avataroan mean nana prakar ke karm karate haian (gita 3.22-23). bhagavanh apani prakriti dvara samasht karm karate hue bhi un karmoan ke prati kartrithvabhav n rahane ke karan vashtav mean n to kuchh bhi karate haian aur n unake bandhan mean p date hai; bhagavanh ki un karmoan ke phal mean kianchinhmatr bhi shpriha nahian hoti (gita 4.23-24). bhagavanh ke dvara jo kuchh bhi cheshhta hoti hai, lokahitarth hi hoti hai (gita 4.8); unake prathyek karm mean logoan ka hit bhara rahata hai. ve anant koti brahmanhdoan ke shvami hote hue bhi sarvasadharan ke sath abhiman rahit daya aur premapoorn samata ka vhyavahar karate haian (gita 9.29); jo koee manushhy jis prakar unako bhajata hai, ve shvayan use usi prakar bhajate haian ( gita 4.11); apane ananhyabhakhtoan ka yogakshem bhagavanh shvayan chalate haian (gita 9.22), unako divhy jnan prada karate haian (gita 10.10-11) aur bhaktiroopi nauka par baithai hue bhakhtoan ka sansar samudr se shighr hi uddhar karane ke liye svayan unake karnadhar ban jate haian (gita 12.7). is prakar bhagavanh ke samast karm asakti, ahanakar aur kamanadi doshoan se sarvatha rahit nirmal aur shuddh tatha keval logoan ka kalyan karane evan niti, dharm shuddh prem adi bhakti adi ka jagath mean prachar karane ke liye hi hote haian; in sab karmoan ko karate hue bhi bhagavanh ka vastav mean un karmoan se kuchh bhi sambandh nahian hai, ve unase sarvatha atit aur akarta haian- is bat ko bhali-bhaanti samajh lena, isamean kichinmatr bhi asambhavana ya viparit bhavana n rahakar poorn vishhvas ho jana hi bhagavanh ke karmoan ki tattv se divy samajhana haian.
- ↑ bhagavanh mean anany prem ho jane ke karan jinako sarvatr ek bhagavanh-hi-bhagavanh dikhane lag jate haian, unaka vachak ‘manmaya:’ pad haian.
- ↑ jo bhagavanh ki sharan grahan kar lete haian, sarvatha un par nirbhar ho jate haian, sada unamean hi santushht rahate haian, jinaka apane liye kuchh bhi kartavy nahian rahata aur jo sab kuchh bhagavanh ka samajhakar unaki ajna ka palan karane ke uddeshhy se unaki seva ke roop mean hi samast karm karate haian- aise purushoan ka vachak ‘mamupashrita:’ pad haian.
- ↑ yahaan saankhhyayog ka prasang nahian haian bhakti ka prakaran hai tatha poorvashlok mean bhagavanh ke janm-karmoan ko divy samajhane ka phal bhagavanh ki prapti batalaya gaya hai; usi ke praman mean yah shhlok hai. is karan yahaan ‘jnanatapasa’ pad mean jnan ka arth atmajnan n manakar bhagavanh ke janm-karmoan ko divy samajh lena roop jnan hi mana gaya haian. is jnan roop tap ke prabhav se manushhy ka bhagavanh mean anany prem ho jata haian, usake samajh pap-tap nashht ho jate haian, ant:karan mean sab prakar ke dugurnoan ka sarvatha abhav ho jata hai aur samast karm bhagavanh ke karmoan ki bhaanti divy ho jate haian tatha vah kabhi bhagavanh se alag nahian hota, usako bhagavanh sada hi pratyaksh rahate haian- yahi un bhktoan ka jnanaroop tap se pavitr hokar bhagavanh ke svaroop ko prapt ho jana hai.
- ↑ isase bhagavanh ne yah bhav dikhalaya hai ki mere bhaktoan ke bhajan ke prakar bhinn-bhinn hote haian. apani-apani bhavana ke anusar bhakt mere prithakh-prithakh roop manate haian aur apani-apani manyata ke anusar mera bhajan-smaran karate haian, atev maian bhi unako unaki bhavana ke anusar un un roopoan mean hi darshan deta huan tatha ve jis prakar jis-jis bhav se meri upasana karate haian, maian unake us-us prakar or us-us bhavana hi anusaran karata hooan. jo mera chintan karata hai usaka mean chintan karata hooan, jo mere liye vyakul hota hai usake liye maian bhi vyakul ho jata hooan, jo mera viyog sahan nahian kar sakata maian bhi usaka viyog nahian sahan kar sakata. jo mujhe apana sarvasv arpan kar deta hai, maian bhi use apana sarvasv arpan kar deta hooan. jo gval-baloan ki bhaanti mujhe apana sakha manakar mera bhajan karate haian, unake sath maian mitr-ke-jaisa vyavahar karata hooan. jo nand-yashoda ki bhaanti putr manakar mera bhajan karate haian, unake sath putroan ke jaisa bartav karake unaka kalyan karata hooan. isi prakar rukmini ki tarah pati samajhakar bhajane valoan ke sath pati-jaisa, hanuman ki bhaanti svami samajhakar bhajane valoan ke sath svami jaisa aur gopiyoan ki bhaanti madhuryabhav se bhajane valoan ke sath priyatam-jaisa bartav karake maian unaka kalyan karata hooan aur unako divy lila-ras ka anubhav karata hooan.
- ↑ isase bhagavanh ne yah dikhalaya hai ki log mera anusaran karate haian, isaliye yadi maian is prakar prem aur sauhard ka bartav karooanga to doosare log bhi meri dekha-dekhi aise hi ni:svarthabhav se ek doosaroan ke sath yathayogy prem aur suhridata ka bartav kareange. atev is niti ka jagath mean prachar karane ke liye bhi aisa karana mera kartavy hai.
- ↑ anadi kal se jivoan ke jo janm-janmantaroan mean kiye hue karm haian, jinaka phalabhog nahian ho gaya hai, unhian ke anusar unamean yathayogy tattv, raj aur tamogun ki nyoonadhikata hoti hai. bhagavanh jab srishti-rachana ke samay manushhyoan ka nirman karate haian, tab un-un gun aur karmoan ke anusar unhean brahmanadi varnoan mean utpann karate haian. sath hi yah bhi samajh lena chahiye ki dev, pitar aur tiryakh adi doosari-doosari yoniyoan ki rachana bhi bhagavanh jivoan ke gun aur karmoan ke anusar hi karate haian. isaliye in srishti-rachanadi karmoan mean bhagavanh ki kianchinmatr bhi vishamata nahian hai, yahi bhav dikhalane ke liye yahaan yah bat kahi gayi hai ki mere dvara charoan varnoan ki rachana unake gun aur karmoan ke vibhagapoorvak ki gayi hai. ajakal log yah poochha karate haian ki brahmanadi varnoan ka vibhag janm se manana chahiye ya karm se? to usaka is prakar us srishti-rachanadi karm ka karta hone par uttar yah ho sakata hai ki yadyapi janm aur karm donoan hi varn ke aang hone ke karan varn ki poornata to donoan se hi hoti haian parantu in donoan mean pradhanata janm ki haian, isaliye janm se hi brahmanadi varnoan ka vibhag manana chahiye; kyoanki yadi mata-pita ek varg ke hoan aur kisi prakar se bhi janm mean sankarata n aye to sahaj hi karm mean bhi pray: sankarata nahian ati; parantu sangadosh, aharadosh aur dooshit shiksha-dikshadi karanoan se karm mean kahian kuchh vyatikram bhi ho jay to janm se varn manane par varnaraksha ho sakati hai, tathapi karmashuddhi ki kam avashhyakata nahian hai. karm ke sarvatha nashht ho jane par varn ki raksha bahut hi kathin ho jati hai. at: jivika aur vivahadi vyavahar ke liye to janm ki pradhanata tatha kalyan ki prapti mean karm ki pradhanata manani chahiye; kyoanki jati se brahman hone par yadi usake karm brahmanochitt nahian hai to usaka kalyan nahian ho sakata tatha samany dharm ke anusar sham-damadi ka palan karane vala aur achchhe acharan vala shudr bhi adi brahmanachitt yajnadi karm karata hai aur usase apani jivika chalata hai to pap ka bhagi hota hai.
- ↑ isase bhagavanh ke karmoan ki divyata ka bhav prakat kiya gaya hai. abhipray yah hai ki bhagavanh ka kisi bhi karm mean rag-dvesh ya kartapan nahian hota. ve sada hi un karmoan se sarvatha atit haian, unake sakash se unaki prakritti hi samast karm karati hai. is karan lokavyavahar mean bhagavanh un karmoan ke karta mane jate haian; vastav mean bhagavanh sarvatha udasin haian, karmoan se unaka kuchh bhi sambandh nahian haian (gita 9.9-10).
- ↑ uparyukt varnan ke anusar jo yah samajh lena hai ki vishv-rachanadi samast karm karate hue bhi bhagavanh vastav mean akarta hi haian- un karmoan se unaka kuchh bhi sambandh nahian hai, unake karmoan mean vishamata leshamatr bhi nahian haian, karmaphal mean unaki kianchinmatr bhi asakti, mamata ya kamana nahian haian, atev unako ve karm bandhan mean nahian dal sakate- yahi bhagavanh ko uparyukt prakar se tattvat: janana hai aur is prakar bhagavanh ke karmoan ka rahasy yathartharoop se samajh lene vale mahatma ke karm bhi bhagavanh ki hi bhaanti mamata, asakti, phalechchha aur aanhakar ke bina keval lokasangrah ke liye hi hote haian; isaliye vah bhi karmoan se nahian bandhata.
- ↑ jo manushhy janm-maranaroop sansarabandhan se mukt hokar paramanandasvaroop paramatma ko prapt karana chahata hai, jo saansarik bhogoan ko du:khamay or kshanabhangur samajhakar unase virakt ho gaya hai aur jise is lok ya paralok ke bhogoan ki ichchha nahian hai- use ‘mumuksh’ kahate haian. arjun bhi mumuksh the, ve karmabandhan ke bhay se svadharmaroop kartavy karm ka tyag karana chahate the; atev bhagavanh ne is shhlok mean poorvakal ke mumukshoan ka udaharan dekar yah bat samajhayi hai ki karmoan ko chho d dene matr se manushhy unake bandhan se mukt nahian ho sakata, isi karan poorvakal ke mumukshoan ne bhi mere karmoan ki divyata ka tattv samajhakar meri hi bhaanti karmoan mean mamata, asakti, phalechchha aur ahankar tyag karake nishhkamabhav se apane-apane varnashram ke anusar unaka acharan hi kiya hai.
- ↑ sadharanat: manushhy yahi janate haian ki shastravihit kartavyakarmoan ka nam karm haian; kiantu itana jan lene matr se karm ka svaroop nahian jana ja sakata, kyoanki usake acharan mean bhav ka bhed hone se usake svaroop mean bhed ho jata haian. at: apane adhikar ke anusar varnashramochitt kartavy-karmoan ko acharan mean lane ke liye karmoan ka tattv ko samajhana chahiye.
- ↑ sadharanat: manushhy yahi samajhate haian ki man, vani aur sharir dvara ki jane vali kriyaoan ka svaroop se tyag kar dena hi akarm yani karmoan se rahit hona haian; kiantu itana samajh lene matr se akarm ka vastavik svaroop nahian jana ja sakata; kyoanki bhav ke bhed se is prakar ka akarm bhi karm ya vikarm ke roop mean badal jata hai. at: kis bhav se kis prakar ki huee kaun-si kriya ya usake tyag ka nam akarm hai evan kis sthiti mean kis manushhy ko kis prakar usaka acharan karana chahiye, is bat ko bhalibhaanti samajhakar sadhan karana chahiye.
- ↑ sadharanat: jhooth, kapat, chori, vyabhichar, hiansa adi papakarmoan ka nam hi vikarm hai- yah prasiddh hai; par itana jan lene matr se vikarm ka svaroop yatharth nahian jana ja sakata, kyoanki shastr ke tattv ko n janane vale ajnani punhy ko bhi pap man lete haian or pap ko bhi punhy man lete haian. varn, ashram aur adhikar ke bhed se jo karm ek ke liye vihit hone se kartavy (karm) hai, vahian doosare ke liye nishiddh hone se pap (vikarm) ho jata hai- jaise sab varnoan ki seva karake jivika chalana shoodr ke liye vihit karm haian, kiantu vahi brahman ke liye nishiddh karm haian; jaise dan lekar, ved padhakar aur yajn karakar jivika chalana brahman ke liye kartavy karm haian kiantu doosare varnoan ke liye pap haian; jaise grihasth ke liye nyayoparjit dravyasangrah karana aur rritukal mean svapatnigaman karana dharm haian, kiantu sannyasi ke liye kanchan aur kamini ka darshan sparsh karana bhi pap hai. at: shoodr, kapat, chori, vyabhichar, hiansa adi jo sarvasadharan ke liye nishiddh haian tatha adhikar bhed se jo bhinn-bhinn vyaktiyoan ke liye nishiddh haian- un sabaka tyag karane ke liye vikarm ke svaroop ko bhalibhaanti samajhana chahiye.
- ↑ yajn, dan, tap tatha varnashram ke anusar jivika aur sharir-nirvah sambandhi jitane bhi shastravihit karm haian- un sabamean asakti, phalechchha, mamata aur ahankar ka tyag kar dene se ve is lok ya paralok mean sukh-du:khadi phal bhugatane ke or purnajanm ke hetu nahian banate, balki manushhy ke poorvakrit samast shubhashubh karmoan ka nash karake use sansar-bandhan se mukt karane vale hote haian- is rahasy ko samajh lena hi karm mean akarm dekhana hai. is prakar karm mean akarm dekhane vala manushhy asakti, phalechchha or mamata ke tyagapoorvak hi vihit karmoan ka yathayogy acharan karata hai. at: vah karm karata hua bhi unase lipt nahian hota, isaliye vah manushhyoan mean buddhimanh hai; vah paramatma ko prapt hai, isaliye yogi hai or use koee bhi kartavy shesh nahian rahata- vah kritakrity ho gaya haian, isaliye vah samast karmoan ko karane vala hai.
lokaprasiddhi mean man, vani aur sharir ke vyapar ko tyag dene ka hi nam akarm hai; yah tyagaroop akarm bhi asakti, phalechchha, mamata aur ahankarapoorvak kiya jane par punarjanm ka hetu ban jata hai; itana hi nahi, kartavy karmoan ki avahelana se ya dambhachar ke liye kiya jane par to yah vikarm (pap) ke roop mean badal jata hai- is rahasy ko samajh lena hi akarm mean karm dekhana hai.
sanbandhit lekh
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj