महाभारत भीष्म पर्व अध्याय 42 श्लोक 61-66

dvichatvariansh (42) adhyay: bhishm parv (shrimadbhagavadgita parv)

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mahabharat: bhishm parv: dvichatvariansh adhyay: shlok 61-66 ka hindi anuvad

shrimadbhagavadgita a‍dhyay 18


he arjun! sharir roop yantr mean arudh hue samh‍poorn praniyoan ko antaryami parameshh‍var[1] apani maya se unake karmoan ke anusar bhamran karata hua sab praniyoan ke hriday mean sthit hai.[2]

sambandh- yahaan yah prashn uthata hai ki karmabandhan se chhootakar param shaantilabh karane ke liye manushh‍yoan ko kya karana chahiye; is par bhagavan kahate haian- he bharat! too sab prakar se us parameshh‍var ki hi sharan mean ja[3] us paramatma ki kripa se hi too param ko tatha sanatan paramadham ko prapt hoga.[4] sambandh- is prakar arjun ko antaryami parameshh‍var ki sharan grahan karane ke liye ajna dekar ab bhagavan ukt upadesh ka upasanhar karate hue kahate hai- is prakar yah gopaniy se bhi ati gopaniy jnan maianne tujhase kah diya.[5] ab too is rahasyayukt jnan ko poornataya bhalibhaanti vicharak jaise chahata hai. vaise hi kar.[6]

sambandh- is prakar arjun ko sare upadesh par vichar karake apana kartavy nirdharit karane ke liye kahe jane par bhi jab arjun ne kuchh bhi uttar nahian diya. to ve apane ko anadhikari tatha kartavy nishchary karane mean asamarth samajhakar khinnachith‍t ho gaye, tab sabake hriday ki bat janane vale anh‍taryami bhagavan svayan hi arjun par daya karake kahane lage- sampoorn gopaniyoan se ati gopaniy mere param rahasyayukt vachanoan ko tu phir bhi sun.[7] tu mera atishay priy hai,[8] isase yah param hitakarak vachan mai tujhasean kahuanga. he arjun! too mujhamean man vala ho,[9] mera bhakt ban,[10] mera poojan karane vala ho,[11] aur mujhako pranam kar.[12] aisa karane se tu mujhe hi prapt hoga,[13] yah maian tujhase saty pratijna karata hooan,[14] kh‍yoanki too mera atyant priy hai. sampoorn dharmoan ko arthat sampoorn kartavyakarmoan ko mujhamean tyagakar[15] too keval ek mujh sarvashaktiman, sarvadhar parameshvar ki hi sharan mean a ja.[16] maian tumh‍hean papoan se mukt kar dooanga,[17] too shok mat kar.[18]

sambandh- is prakar bhagavanh gita ke upadesh ka upasanhar karake ab us upadesh ke adhyapan aur adhyayan adi ka mahatmy batalane ke liye pahale anadhikari ke lakshan batalakar use gita ka upadesh sunane ko nishedh karate haian.


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tika tippani aur sandarbh

  1. yahaan sharir ko yantr ka roopak dekar bhagavan ne yah bhav dikhalaya hai ki jaise relaga di adi kinhi yantroan par baitha hua manushy svayan nahian chalata, to bhi relaga di adi yantr ke chalane se usaka chalana ho jata hai- usi prakar yadyapi atma nishchal hai, usaka kisi bhi kriya se vastav mean kuchh bhi sambandh nahian hai, to bhi anadisiddh ajnan ke karan usaka sharir se sambandh hone se us sharir ki kriya usaki kriya mani jati hai. tatha eeshvar ko sab bhootoan ke hriday mean sthit batalakar yah bhav dikhalaya hai ki yantr ko chalane vala prerak jaise svayan bhi us yantr mean rahata hai, usi prakar eeshvar bhi samast praniyoan ke antahkaran mean sthit hai.
  2. samast praniyoan ko unake poorvajit karm-sanskaroan ke anusar phal bhugatane ke liye bar-bar nana yoniyoan mean utpann karana tatha bhinn-bhinn padarthoan se, kriyaoan se aur praniyoan se unaka sanyog-viyog karana aur usake svabhav (prakriti) ke anusar unh‍hean punah cheshta karane mean lagana- yahi bhagavan ka un praniyoan ko apani maya dvara bhamran karana hai.
    yahaan yadi koee yah kahe ki karm karane mean aur n karane mean manushy svatantr hai ya paratantr yadi paratantr hai to kisake paratantr hai- prakriti ke ya svabhav ke athava eeshvar ke kh‍yoanki prani ko unasathavean aur sathavean shlokoan mean prakriti ke aur svabhav ke adhin batalaya hai tatha is shlok mean eeshvar ke adhin batalaya hai, jo kahana hoga ki karm karane aur n karane mean manushy paratantr hai, isiliye yah kaha gaya hai ki koee bhi prani kshanamatr bhi bina karm kiye nahian rah sakata (gita 3:5). manushy ka karm karane ka adhikar batalaya gaya hai, usaka abhipray bhi usako svatantr batalana nahian hai, balki paratantr batalana hi hai; kh‍yoanki vahaan karmoan ke tyag mean ashakyata soochit ki gayi hai tatha manushy ko prakriti ke adhin batalana, svabhav ke adhin batalana, aur eeshvar ke adhin batalana- yah tinoan batean ek hi hai. kh‍yoanki svabhav aur prakriti to paryayavachi shabd hai aur eeshvar svayan nirapekshabhav se arthat sarvatha nilipt rahate hue hi jivoan ki prakriti ke anuroop apani mayashakti ke dvara unako karmoan mean niyukt karate haian. isaliye eeshvar ke adhin batalana prakriti ke hi adhin batalana hai. doosare paksh mean eeshvar hi prakriti ke svami aur prerak haian, is karan prakriti ke adhin batalana bhi eeshvar ke hi adhin batalana hai.
    is par koee yah kahe ki yadi manushy sarvatha hi paratantr hai to phir usake uddhar hone ka kya upay hai. aur usake liye kartavy-akartavy vidhan karane vale shastroan ki kya avashyakata hai; to kahana hoga ki kartavy-akartavy ka vidhan karane vale shastr manushy ko usake svabhavik karmoan se hatane ke liye ya usase svabhavaviruddh karm karavane ke liye nahian hai, kiantu un karmoan ko karane mean jo rag-dvesh ke vash mean hokar vah anyay kar leta hai, us anyay ka tyag karakar use nyayapoorvak kartavy karmoan mean lagane ke liye hai. isaliye manushy karm karane mean svabhav ke paratantr hote hue bhi un svabhav ka sudhar karane mean paratantr nahian hai. atev yadi vah shastr aur mahapurushoan ke upadesh se sachet hokar prakriti ke prerak sarvashaktiman parameshh‍var ki sharan grahan kar le aur rag-dveshadi vikaroan ka tyag karake shastravidhi ke anusar nyayapoorvak apane svabhavik karmoan ko nishkamabhav se karata hua apana jivan bitan lage to unaka uddhar ho sakata hai.
  3. bhagavan ke gun, prabhav, tattv aur svaroop ka shraddhapoorvak nishchay karake bhagavan ko hi param prapt, paramagati, paramashray aur sarvasv samajhana tatha unako apana svami, bharta, prerak, rakshak aur param hitaishi, samajhakar sab prakar se un par nirbhar aur nirbhay ho jana evan sab kuchh bhagavan ka samajhakar aur bhagavan ko sarvavyapi janakar samast karmoan mean mamata, abhiman, asakti aur kamana ka tyag karake bhagavan ke ajnanusar apane karmoan dvara samast praniyoan ke hriday mean sthit parameshh‍var ki seva karana; bhagavan ke kisi bhi vidhan mean kianchitamatr bhi santusht n hona; man, b daee aur pratishtha ka tyag karake bhagavan ke siva kisi bhi saansarik vastu mean mamata aur asakti n rakhana; atishayashraddha aur anany premapoorvak bhagavan ke nam, gun, prabhav, lila tattv aur svaroop ka nity-nirantar shravan, chintan, aur kathan karate rahana- ye sabhi bhav tatha kriyaean sab prakar se parameshh‍var ki sharan grahan karane ke antargat hai.
  4. uparyukt prakar se bhagavan ki sharan grahan karane vale bhakt par paramadayalu, paramasuhrid, sarvashaktiman parameshh‍var ki apar daya ka strot bahane lagata hai- jo usake samast duahkhoan aur bandhanoan ko sada ke liye baha le jate hai. is prakar bhakt ka jo samast duahkhoan se aur samast bandhanoan se chhootakar sada ke liye paramanand se yukt ho jana aur sachchidananh‍dan poornabrahma sanatan parameshh‍var ko prapt ho jana haian. yahi parameshh‍var ki kripa se param shaanti ko aur sanatan param dham ko prapt ho jana hai.
  5. bhagavan ne gita ke doosare adhyay ke gyarahavean shlok se arambh karake yahaan tak arjun ko apane gun, prabhav, tattv aur svaroop ka rahasy bhalibhaanti samajhane ke liye jitani batean kahi haian- us samast upadesh ka vachak yahaan ‘jnan’ shabd hai, vah sara-ka-sara upadesh bhagavan ka pratyaksh jnan karane vala hai, isaliye unaka nam ‘jnan’ rakha gaya hai. sansar mean aur shastroan mean jitane bhi gupt rakhane yogy rahasy vishay mane gaye hai, un sab mean bhagavan ke gun, prabhav aur svaroop yatharth jnan kara dene vala upadesh sabase badhakar gupt rakhane yogy mana gaya hai; isaliye yah upadesh ka mahattv samajhane ke liye aur yah bat samajhane ke liye ki anadhikari ke samane in batoan ko prakat nahian karana chahiye, is jnan ko atyant gopaniy batalaya gaya hai.
  6. gita ke doosare adhyay ke gyarahavean shlok se upadesh arambh karake bhagavan ne arjun ko saankhyayog aur karmayog, in donoan hi sadhanoan ke anusar svadharmaroop yuddh karana jagah-jagah (gita 2:27, 37; 3/30; 8/7; 11/34) kartavy batalaya tatha apani sharan grahan karane ke liye kaha. is par bhi koee uttar n milane se punah arjun ko savadhan karane ke liye parameshvar ko sabaka prerak aur sabake hriday mean sthit batalakar usaki sharan grahan karane ke liye kaha. itane par bhi jab arjun kuchh nahian kaha, tab is shlok ke poorvaddh mean upadesh ka upasanhar karake evan kahe hue upadesh ka mahattv dikhalakar is vaky se punah us par vichar karane ke liye arjun ko savadhan karate hue ant mean bhagavan ne yah kaha ki maianne jo karmayog, jnanayog aur bhaktiyog adi bahut prakar ke sadhan batalaye hai, unamean se tumh‍hean jo sadhan achchha maloom p de, usi ka palan karo athava aur jo kuchh tum thik samajho, vahi karo.
  7. bhagavan ne yahaan tak arjun ko jitani batean kahian, ve sabhi batean gupt rakhane yogy haian; atah unako bhagavan ne jagah-jagah ‘param guhar’ aur ‘uttam rahasy’ nam diya hai. us samast upadesh mean bhi jahaan bhagavan khas apane gun, prabhav, svaroop, mahima aur aishvary ko prakat karake yani mai hi svayan sarvavyapi, sarvadhar, sarvashaktiman, sakshat sagun-nirgun parameshvar hooan- is prakar kahakar arjun ko apana bhajan karane ke liye aur apani sharan mean ane ke liye kaha, ve vachan adhik-se-adhik gupt rakhane yogy hai (gita 9:1-2) ve pahale bhi kahe ja chuke haian. (gita 9:34; 12/6-7; 18/56-57) atah yahaan bhagavan ke kahane ka yah abhipray hai. ki pahale kahe hue upadesh mean bhi jo atyant gupt rakhane yogy sabase adhik mahattv ki bat hai, vah maian tumh‍hean agale do shlokoan mean phir kahuanga.
  8. tirasathavean shlok mean kahi huee bat ko sunakar bhagavan ne arjun ko apane kartavy ka nishchay karane ke liye svatantr vichar karane ko kah diya, usaka bhar unh‍hoanne apane oopar nahian rakha; is bat ko sunakar jab arjun ke man mean udasi chha gayi, ve sochane lage ki kya mera bhagavan par vishvas nahian hai, kya maian isaka bhakt aur premi nahian hooan, tab arjun ka shok door karane ke liye unhean utsahit karate hue bhagavan yah bhav dikhalate hai ki tum mere atyant priy ho, tumhara aur mera prem ka bandhan atal hai. atah tum kisi tarah ka shok mat karo.
  9. bhagavan ko sarvashaktiman, sarvadhar, sarvajn, sarvantaryami, sarvavyapi, saveshvar, tatha atishay saundary, madhury aur aishvary adi gunoan ke samudr samajhakar anany premapoorvak nishchalabhav se man ko bhagavan me laga dena, kshanamatr bhi bhagavan ki vismriti ko n sah karana ‘bhagavan mean manavala’ hona hai.
  10. bhagavan ko hi ekamatr apana bharta, svami, sanrakshak, paramagati aur param ashray samajhakar sarvatha unake adhin ho jana, kianchimatr bhi apani svatantrata n rakhana, sab prakar se un par nirbhar rahana, unake pratyek vidhan mean sada hi santusht rahana aur unaki ajna ka sada palan karana tatha unamean atishay shraddhapoorvak anany prem karana ‘bhagavan ka bhakt banana’ hai.
  11. gita ke navean adhyay ke chhabbisavean shlok ke varnananusar patr-pushpadi se shraddha, bhakti aur premapoorn bhagavan ke vigrah ka poojan karana; man se bhagavan ka avahan karake unaki manasik pooja karana; unake vachanoan ka, unaki lilabhoomi ka aur unake vigrah ka sab prakar se adar-samman karana tatha sab mean bhagavan ko vyapt samajhakar ya samast praniyoan ko bhagavan ko svaroop samajhakar unaki yathayogy seva-pooja, adar-satkar karana adi sab ‘bhagavan ki pooja’ karane ke antargat hai.
  12. jin parameshvar ke sagun-nirgun, nirakar-sakar adi anek roop haian; jo arjun ke samane shrikrishnaroop mean prakat hokar gita ka upadesh suna rahe haian; jinh‍hoanne ramaroop mean prakat hokar sansar mean dharm ki maryada ka sthapan kiya aur nrisianharoop dharan karake bhakt prahlad ka uddhar kiya- unh‍hian sarvashaktiman, sarvagunasampann, anh‍taryami, paramadhar, samagr purushottam bhagavan ke kisi bhi roop ko, chitr ko charanachihnoan ko ya charanapadukaoan ko tatha unake gun, prabhav aur tattv ka varnan karane vala shastroan ko sashtaang pranam karana ya samast praniyoan mean unako vyapt ya samast praniyoan ko bhagavan ka svaroop samajhakar sabako pranam karana- ‘bhagavan ko namaskar karana’ hai.
  13. jisamean charoan sadhanapoorn roop se hote haian, usako bhagavan ki prapti ho jaye- isamean to kahana hi kya; parantu inamean se ek-ek sadhan se bhi bhagavan ki prapti ho sakati hai; kh‍yoanki bhagavan ne svayan hi gita ke athavean adhyay ke chaudahavean shlok mean keval ananyachintan se apani prapti ko sulabh batalaya hai. kh‍yoanki satavean adhyay ke teeesavean aur navean ke pachchisavean mean apane bhakt ko apani prapti batalayi hai. aur navean adhyay ke chhabbisavean aththaisavean tak evan is adhyay ke chhiyalisavean shlok mean keval poojan se apani prapti batalayi hai.
  14. arjun bhagavan ke priy bhakt aur sakha the, atev un par prem aur daya karake unaka apane oopar atishay dridh vishvas karane ke liye arjun ke nimitt se any adhikari manushyoan ka vishvas dridh karane ke liye bhagavan ne kaha hai ki maian tujhase saty pratijna karata hooan.
  15. varn, ashram, svabhav aur paristhiti ke anusar jis manushy ke liye jo jo karmakartavy batalaye gaye haian, gita ke barahavean adhyay ke chhathe shlok mean ‘sarvani’ visheshan ke sahit ‘karmani’ pad se aur is adhyay ke sattavanavean shlok mean ‘sarv karmani’ pad se jinaka varnan kiya gaya hai, un shastravihit samast karmoan ko un donoan shlokoan ki vyakhya mean batalaye hue prakar se bhagavan mean samarpan kar dena arthat sab kuchh bhagavan ka samajhakar man, indriy aur sharir mean unake dvara kiye jane vale karmoan mean aur unake phalasvaroop samast bhogoan mean mamata, asakti, abhiman aur kamana ka sarvatha tyag kar dena aur keval bhagavan ke hi liye bhagavan ki ajna aur prerana anusar, jaise ve karavavean, vaise kathaputali ki bhaanti unako karate rahana- yahi yahaan samast dharmoan ka parityag karana hai, unaka svaroop se tyag karana nahian.
  16. gita ke barahavean adhyay ke chhathe shlok mean, navean adhyay ke aantim shlok mean tatha is adhyay ke sattavanavean shlok mean kahe hue prakar se bhagavan ko hi apana paramaprapy, paramagati, paramadhar, paramapriy, paramahitaishi, paramasuhriday, param atmiy tatha bharta, svami, sarankshak samajhakar uthate-baithate, khate-pite, chalate-phirate, sote-jagate aur har ek prakar se unaki ajnaoan ka palan karate samay param shraddhapoorvak ananyaprem se nity-nirantar unaka chintan karate rahana aur unake vidhan mean sada hi santusht rahana evan sab prakar se kevalamatr ek bhagavan par hi bhakt prahalad ki bhaanti nirbhar rahana ekamatr parameshvar ki sharan mean chala jana hai.
  17. shubhashubh karmoan ka phalaroop jo karmabandhan hai- jisase bandha hua manushy janm-janmantar se nana yoniyoan me ghoom raha hai, us karmabandhan se mukt kar dena hi papoan se mukt kar dena hai. isaliye gita ke tisare adhyay ke ikatisavean shlok mean ‘karmabhiah muchyante’ se, barahavean adhyay ke satavean shlok mean ‘mrityusansarasagarath samuddharta bhavami’ se aur is adhyay ke athavanavean shlok mean ‘matyaprasadatsarvadurgani tarishyasi’ se jo bat kahi gayi hai, vahi bat yahaan ‘maian tujhe sab papoan se mukt kar dooanga’ is vaky se kahi gayi hai.
  18. gita ke doosare adhyay ke shlok mean ‘ashochyanh’ pad se jis upadesh ka upakram kiya tha, ‘maan shuchah’ pad se upasanhar karake bhagavan ne yah dikhalaya hai ki gita ke doosare adhyay ke satavean shlok mean tum meri sharanagati svikar kar hi chuke ho, ab poorn roop se mere sharanagat hokar tum kuchh bhi chianta n karo aur shok ka sarvatha tyag karake sada-sarvada mujh parameshvar par nirbhar ho raho. yah shok ka sarvatha abhav aur bhagavatsakshatkar hi gita ka mukhy tatpary hai.

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