महाभारत भीष्म पर्व अध्याय 37 श्लोक 11-17

saptatriansh (37) adhyay: bhishm parv (shrimadbhagavadgita parv)

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mahabharat: bhishm parv: saptatriansh adhyay: shlok 11-17 ka hindi anuvad

shrimadbhagavadgita a‍dhyay 13


adhyatmajnan mean nity sthiti[1] aur tattv jnan ke artharoop paramatma ko hi dekhana[2] yah sab jnan hai.[3] aur jo isase viparit haian, yah ajnan[4] hai- aisa kaha hai.

sambandh- is prakar jnan ke sadhanoan ka ‘jnan’ ke nam se varnan sunane par yah jijnasa ho sakati hai ki in sadhanoan dvara prapt ‘jnan’ se janane yogy vastu kya hai aur use jan lene se kya hota hai. usaka uttar dene ke liye bhagavan ab jane ke yogy vastu ke svaroop ka varnan karane ki pratijna karate hue usake janane ka phal ‘amaratv ki prapti’ batalakar chhah shlokoan mean janane ke yogy paramatma ke svaroop ka varnan karate haian- jo janane yogy hai tatha jisako janakar manushy paramanand ko prapt hota hai, usako bhalibhaanti kahuanga. vah anadi vala param brahm n sath hi kaha jata, n asath.[5]

vah sab or hath-pair vala sab or hath netr, sir aur mukh vala aur sab or kan vala haian;[6] kyoanki vah sansar mean sabako vyapt karake sthit haian.[7] vah sampoorn indriyoan ke vishayoan ko janane vala hai, parantu vastav mean sab indriyoan se rahit hai[8] tatha asakti rahit hone par bhi sabaka dharan-poshan karane vala aur nirgun hone par bhi gunoan ko bhogane vala hai.[9] yah charachar sab bhootoan ke bahar- bhitar paripoorn hai aur char-achararoop bhi vahi hai;[10] evan vah sookshm hone se avijney hai[11] tatha ati samip mean aur door mean bhi sthit hai.[12]

vah paramatma vibhagarahit ek roopaye akash ke sadrish paripoorn hone par bhi charachar sampoorn bhootoan mean vibhakt-sa sthit pratit hota hai.[13] tatha vah janane yogy paramatma vishnu roop se bhootoan ko dharan-poshan karane vala rudr roop se sanhar karane vala tatha brahma roop se sabako utpann karane vala hai. vah parabraha jyotiyoan ka bhi jyoti[14] evan maya se atyant pare kaha jata hai. vah paramatma bodhasvaroop, janane ke yogy evan tattvajnan se prapt karane yogy hai[15] aur sabake hriday mean vishesh roop se sthit hai.[16]

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tika tippani aur sandarbh

  1. atma nity, chetan, nirvikar aur avinashi hai; usase bhinn jo nashavan, j d, vikari aur parivartanashil vastuean pratit hoti haian- ve sab anatma haian, atma ka unase kuchh bhi sambandh nahian hai, shastr aur achary ke upadesh se is prakar atmatattv ko bhali-bhaanti samajh lena hi ‘adhyatmajnan’ hai aur buddhi mean thik vaisa hi dridh nishchay karake man se us atmatattv ko nity-nirantar manan karate rahana ‘adhyatmajnan mean nity sthit rahana’ hai.
  2. tattv jnan ka arth hai- sachchidanandaghan poorn brahm paramatma; kyoanki tattvajnan se unhian ki prapti hoti hai. un sachchidanandaghan gunatit paramatma ka sarvatr samabhav se nity-nirantar anubhav karate rahana hi us arth ka darshan karana hai.
  3. ‘amanitvamh’ se lekar ‘tattvajnanarthadarshanamh’ tak jinaka varnan kiya gaya hai, ve sabhi jnan prapti ke sadhan haian, isiliye unaka nam bhi ‘jnan’ rakha gaya hai. abhipray yah hai ki doosare shlok mean bhagavan ne jo yah bat kahi hai ki kshetr aur kshetrajn ka jo jnan hai, vahi mere mat se jnan hai- is kathan se koee aisa n samajh le ki sharir ka nam ‘kshetr’ aur isake aandar rahane vala jnata atma ka nam ‘kshetraphal’ hai- yah bat hamane samajh hi li; bas, hamean jnan prapt ho gaya; kiantu vastav mean sachcha jnan vahi hai jo uparyukt bis sadhanoan ke dvara kshetr-kshetrajn ke svaroop ko yatharth roop se jan lene par hota hai. isi bat ko samajhane ke liye yahaan sadhanoan ko ‘jnan’ ke nam se kaha gaya hai. atev jnani mean upayukt gunoan ka samavesh pahale se hi hona avashyak hai, parantu yah avashyak nahian hai ki ye sabhi gun sabhi sadhakoan mean ek hi samay mean ho. avashy hi, inamean jo ‘amanitv’, ‘adambhitv’ adi bahut se sabake upayogi gun haian, ve to sabamean rahate hi haian. inake atirikt ‘avyabhicharini bhakti’, ‘ekantadeshasevitv’, ‘adhyatmajnananityatv’, ‘tattvajnanarthadarshan’- inamean apani-apani sadhan shaili ke anusar vikalp bhi ho sakata hai.
  4. uparyukt amanitvadi gunoan se viparit jo man-badhaee kamana, dambh, hiansa, krodh, kapat, kutilata, droh, apavitrata, asthirata, lolupata, asakti, ahanta, mamata, vishamata, ashraddha, aur kusang adi dosh hai, ve sabhi janm-mrityu ke hetu bhoot ajnan ko badhane vale aur jivan ka patan karane vale haian; isaliye ve sab ajnan hi haian. atev un sabaka sarvatha tyag karana chahie.
  5. jo vastu pramanoan dvara siddh ki jati hai, use ‘sath’ kahate haian svatah praman nity avinashi paramatma kisi bhi praman dvara siddh nahian kiya ja sakata; kyoanki paramatma se hi sabaki siddhi hoti hai, paramatma tak kisi bhi praman ki pahuanch nahian hai. vah pramanoan dvara janane mean ane vali vastuoan se atyant vilakshan haian, isaliye paramatma ko ‘sath’ nahian kaha ja sakata tatha jis vastu ka vastav mean astitv nahian hota, use ‘asath’ kahate hai; kiantu parabrahm paramatma ka astitv nahian hai, aisi bat nahian hai. vah avashy hai aur vah hai- isi se any sab ko hona bhi siddh hota hai; atah use ‘asath’ bhi nahian kaha ja sakata. isiliye paramatma ‘sath’ aur ‘asath’ donoan se hi pare haian. yadyapi gita me navam adhyay ke unnasivean shlok mean to bhagavan ne kaha hai ki ‘sath’ bhi mean huan aur ‘asath’ bhi maian huan aur yahaan yah kahate haian ki us janane yogy paramatma ko n ‘sath’ kaha ja sakata hai. aur n ‘asath’; kiantu yahaan vidhi-mukh se varnan hai, isaliye bhagavan ka kahana hai ki ‘sath’ bhi mean hooan aur ‘asath’ bhi mean hooan, uchit hi hai. par yahaan nishedhamukh se varnan hai, kiantu vastav mean us par brahm paramatma ka svaroop vani ke dvara n to vidhi mukh se batalaya ja sakata hai aur n nishedhamukh se hi. usake vishay mean jo kuchh bhi kaha jata hai, sab keval shakha chandranyay se use lakshy karane ke liye hi hai, usake sakshat svaroop ka varnan vani dvara ho hi nahian sakata. shruti bhi kahati hai- ‘yato vacho nivartante aprapy manasa sah’ (taittiriy up. 2/9) arthat ‘man ke sahit vani jise n pakar vapas laut ati hai. (vah brahm hi)’ isi bat ko spasht karane ke liye yahaan bhagavan nishedhamukh se kaha hai ki vah n ‘sath’ kaha jata hai aur n ‘asath’ hi. arthat maian jis jneyavastu ka varnan karana chahata hooan, usaka vastavik svaroop to man-vina avishay hai; atah usaka jo kuchh bhi varnan kiya jayaga, use usaka tatasth lakshan hi samajhana chahiye.
  6. vah par brahm paramatma sab or hath vala hai. use koee bhi vastu kahian se bhi samarpan ki jay, vah vahian se use grahan karane mean samarth hai. isi tarah vah sab jagah pair vala hai. koee bhi bhakt kahian se us ke charanoan mean pranamadi karate haian, vah vahian use svikar kar leta hai. vah sab jagah aankh vala hai usase kuchh bhi chhipa nahian hai. vah sab jagah sir-vala hai. yahaan kahian bhi bhakt log usaka satkar karane ke uddeshy pushp adi usake mastak par chadhate haian, ve sab thik us par chadhate haian. vah sab jagah mukh vala hai. usake bhakt jahaan bhi usako khane ki vastu samarpan karate haian, vah vahian us vastu ko svikar kar sakata hai. arthat vah jneyasvaroop paramatma sabaka sakshi, sab kuchh dekhane vala tatha sabaki pooja aur bhog svikar karane ki shakti vala hai. vah paramatma sab jagah sunane ki shakti vala hai. jahaan kahian bhi usake bhakt usaki stuti karate haian ya use prarthana athava yachana karate haian, un sabako vah bhalibhaanti sunata hai.
  7. akash jis prakar vayu, agni, jal aur prithvi ka karan hone se unako vyapt kiye hue sthit hai, usi prakar vah jneyasvaroop paramatma bhi is charachar jivasamooh sahit samast jagat ka karan hone se sabako vyapt kiye hue sthit hai, atah sab kuchh usi se paripoorn hai.
  8. abhipray yah hai ki terahavean shlok mean jo usako sab jagah hath pair vala aur any sab indriyoan vala batalaya gaya hai, usase yah bat nahian samajhani chahie. ki vah jney paramatma any jivoan ki bhaanti hath-pair adi indriyoan vala hai; vah is prakar ki indriyoan se sarvatha rahit hote hue bhi sab jagah un-un indriyoan ke vishayoan ko grahan karane mean samarth hai. isaliye usako sab jagah sab indriyoan vala aur sab indriyoan se rahit kaha gaya hai shruti meean bhi kaha hai- apanipado janavo grahita pashyatyachakshuah s shrrinotyakarnah. (shvetashvataropanishadh 3.19) ‘vah paramatma bina pair-hath ke hi veg se chalata aur grahan karata hai tatha bina netroan ke dekhata aur bina kanoan ke hi sunata hai.’
  9. abhipray yah hai ki vah paramatma sabhi gunoan ka bhokta hote hue bhi any jivoan ki bhaanti prakriti ke gunoan se lipt nahian hai. vah vastav mean gunoan se savartha atit hai, to bhi prakriti ke sambandh se samast gunoan ka bhokta hai. yahi usaki alaukikata hai.
  10. vah paramatma charachar bhootoan ke bahar aur bhitar bhi haian, isase koee yah bat n samajh le ki charachar bhoot usase bhinn hoange. isi ko spasht karane ke liye kahate haian ki charachar bhoot bhi vahi hai. arthat jaise baraph ke bahar-bhitar bhi jal hai aur svayan baraph bhi vastutah jal hi hai,- jal se bhinn koee vastu padarth nahian haian, usi prakar yah samast charachar jagat us paramatma ka hi svaroop hai, usase bhinn nahian haian.
  11. jaise soory ki kiranoan mean sthit paramanu roop jal sadharan manushyoan ke janane mean nahianan ata- unake liye vah durvijney haian usi prakar vah sarvavyapi par brahm paramatma bhi us paramanu roop jal ki apeksha bhi atyant sookshm hone ke karan sadharan manushyoan ke janane mean nahian ata; isaliye vah avijney haian.
  12. sampoorn jagat mean aur isake bahar aisi koee bhi jagah nahian hai jahaan paramatma n hoan. isaliye vah atyant samip mean bhi hai aur dur mean bhi hai; kyoanki jisako manushy door aur samip manata hai, un sabhi sthanoan vah vijnananandaghan paramatma sada hi paripoorn hai. isaliye is tattv ko samajhane vale shraddhalu manushyoan ke liye vah paramatma atyanat samip hai aur ashraddhalu ke liye atyant dur hai.
  13. is vaky se us janane yogy paramatma ke ekatv ka pratipadan kiya gaya hai. abhipray yah hai ki jaise mahakash vastav mean vibhagarahit hai to bhi samast charachar praniyoan mean kshetrajn roop se prithak-prithak ke sadrish sthit pratit hota hai; kiantu yah bhinnata keval pratiti matr hi hai, vastav mean vah paramatma ek hai aur vah sarvatr paripoorn hai.
  14. chandrama, soory, vidyut, tare adi jitani bhi bahy jyotiyaan haian; buddhi, man aur indriyaan adi jitani adhyatmik jyotiyaan haian tatha vibhinn lokoan aur vastuoan ke adhishthatridevata roop jo devajyotiyaan haian- un sabhi ka prakashak vah paramatma hai. tatha un sab mean jitani prakashanashakti haian, vah sabhi usi parabrahm paramatma ka ek aanshamatr haian.
  15. abhipray yah hai ki poorvokt samanitvadi jnan-sadhanoan ke dvara prapt tattvajnan se vah jana jata hai.
  16. vah paramatma sab jagah saman bhav se paripoorn hote hue bhi, hriday mean usaki vishesh abhivyakti hai. jaise soory ka prakash sab jagah saman roop se vistrit rahane par bhi darpan adi mean usake pratibimb ki vishesh abhivyakti hoti hai evan sooryamukhi shishean mean usaka tej pratyaksh prakat hokar agni utpann kar deta hai, any padarthoan mean us prakar ki abhivyakti nahian hoti, usi prakar hriday us paramatma ki upalabdhi ka sthan hai. jnani ke hriday mean to vah pratyaksh hi prakat hai. yahi bat samajhane ke liye usako sabake hriday mean vishesh se sthit batalaya gaya hai.

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

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