sabase pahala shabd ‘karm’ hai. ‘karm’ shabd ‘kri’ dhatu se bana hai, usaka arth 'karana, vyapar, halachal' hota hai aur isi samany arth mean gita mean usaka upayog hua hai, arthat yahi arth gita mean vivakshit hai. aisa kahane ka karan yahi hai ki mimaansashastr mean aur any sthanoan par bhi is shabd ke jo sankuchit arth die ge haian, unake karan pathakoan ke man mean kuchh bhram utpann hone n paean. kisi bhi dharm ko hi le lijie, usamean eeshvar prapti ke lie kuchh n kuchh karm karane ko batalaya hi rahata hai. prachin vaidik dharm ke anusar dekha jae to yajn–yag hi vah karm hai jisase eeshvar ki prapti hoti hai. vaidik granthoan mean yajn–yag ki vidhi bataee gee hai; parantu isake vishay mean kahian kahian paraspar virodhi vachan bhi pae jate haian. atev unaki ekata aur mel dikhalane ke lie hi jaimini ke poorv mimaansashastr ka prachar hone laga. jaimini ke matanusar vaidik aur shraut yajn–yag karana hi pradhan aur prachin dharm hai.
manushy jo kuchh karata hai, vah sab yajn ke lie hi karata hai. yadi use dhan kamana hai to yajn ke lie aur dhany sangrah karana hai to bhi yajn ke lie hi[1]. jabaki yajn karane ki ajna vedoan ne hi di hai, tab yajn ke lie manushy kuchh bhi karm kare vah usako bandhak kabhi nahian hoga. vah karm yajn ka ek sadhan hai, vah svatantr riti se sadhy vastu nahian hai. isalie yajn se je phal milane vala hai usi mean us karm ka bhi samavesh ho jata hai, us karm ka koee alag phal nahian hota. parantu yajn ke lie kie ge ye karm yadyapi svatantr phal ke dene vale nahian haian, tathapi svayan yajn se svargaprapti (arthat mimaansakoan ke matanusar ek prakar ki sukhaprapti) hoti hai aur is svargaprapti ke lie hi yajnakartta manushy b de chav se yajn karata hai. isi se svayan yajnakarm 'purusharth' kahalata hai; kyoanki jis vastu par kisi manushy ki prapti hoti hai aur jise pane ki usake man mean ichchha hoti hai use 'purusharth' kahate haian[2].
yajn ka paryayavachi ek doosara ‘rritu’ shabd hai, isalie ‘yajnarth’ ke badale ‘rritvarth’ bhi kaha karate haian. is prakar sab karmoan ke do varg ho geah– ek 'yajnarth' (rritvarth) karm, arthat jo svatantr riti se phal nahian dete, atev abandhak haian; aur doosare 'purusharth' karm, arthath jo purush ko labhakari hone ke karan bandhak haian. sanhita aur brahman granthoan mean yajn–yag adi ka hi varnan hai. yadyapi rrigved sanhita mean indr adi devataoan ke stuti sanbandhi sookt haian, tathapi mimaansak–gan kahate haian ki sab shruti granth yajn adi karmoan ke hi pratipadak haian kyoanki unaka viniyog yajn ke hi samay mean kiya jata hai. in karmath, yajnik ya keval karmavadiyoan ka kahana hai ki vedokt yajn–yag adi karm karane se hi svarg prapti hoti hai, nahian to nahian hoti; chahe ye yajn ajnanata se kie jaean ya brahmajnan se. yadyapi upanishadoan mean ye yajn grahy mane ge haian, tathapi unaki yogyata brahmajnan se kam thaharaee gee hai. isalie nishchay kiya gaya hai ki yajn–yag se svarg prapti bhale hi ho jae, parantu inake dvara moksh nahian mil sakata. moksh prapti ke lie brahmajnan ki hi nitant avashyakata hai.
tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh
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