mil ke nitishastr ke granth mean bhi isi apavad ka samavesh kiya gaya hai.[1] in apavadoan ke atirikt sijavaki apane granth mean yah bhi likhata hai ki 'yadyapi kaha gaya hai ki sab logoan ko sach bolana chahie, tathapi ham yah nahian kah sakate ki jin rajanitijnoan ko apani karyavahi gupt rakhani p dati hai, ve auroan ke sath tatha vyapari apane grahakoan se hamesha sach hi bola karean'.[2] kisi any sthan mean vah likhata hai ki yahi riyayat padariyoan aur sipahiyoan ko milati hai. lesli stifan nam ka ek aur aangrez granthakar hai. usane nitishastr ka vivechan adhibhautik drishti se kiya hai. vah bhi apane granth mean aise hi udaharan dekar ant mean likhata hai ki, 'kisi kary ke parinam ki or dhyan dene ke bad hi usaki nitimatta nishchit ki jani chahie. yadi mera yah vishvas ho ki jhooth bolane se hi kalyan hoga, to maian saty bolane ke lie kabhi taiyar hi nahian rahooanga. mere yah vishvas se yah bhav bhi ho sakata hai ki, is samay jhooth bolana hi mera karttavy hai'.[3] grin sahab ne nitishastr ka vichar adhyatmik drishti se kiya hai.
ap ukt prasangoan ka ullekh karake spasht riti se kah sakate haian ki aise samay nitishastr manushy ke sandeh ki nivritti kar nahian sakata. ant mean apane yah siddhant likha hai ki, 'nitishastr yah nahian kahata ki kisi sadharan niyam ke anusar, sirf yah samajhakar ki vah niyam hai, hamesha chalane mean kuchh vishesh mahattv hai; kintu usaka kathan sirf yahi hai ki samanyatah us niyam ke anusar chalana hamare lie shreyaskar hai. isaka karan yah hai ki aise samay ham log keval niti ke lie apani lobhamoolak nich manovrittiyoan ko tyagane ki shiksha paya karate haian'.[4] nitishastr par granth likhane vale ben, bebel adi any aangrez panditoan ka bhi aisa hi mat hai.[5]
tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ Mill’s Utilitarianism, Chap. II.pp.33-34 (15th Ed. Longmans 1907).
- ↑ Sidgwick’s Methods of Ethics, Book IV. Chap. III • 7.p.454(7th Ed.); and Book II. Chap. V. • 3p.169.
- ↑ Leslie Stephen’s Science of Ethics, Chap. IX • 29.p.369 (2nd Ed.). “And the certainty might be of such a kind as to make me think it a duty to lie.”
- ↑ Green’s Prolegomena to Ethics, • 315.p.379 (5th cheaper edition).
- ↑ Bain’s Mental and Moral Science, p.445 (Ed. 1875); and Whewell’s Elements of Morality, Book II. Chaps. XIII and XIV. (4th Ed. 1864).
sanbandhit lekh
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
