कंस

sankshipt parichay
kans
kans mela, mathura
vansh-gotr aandhak vansh
pita ugrasen
samay-kal krishn kal
parijan ugrasen, devaki, devak
vivah asti, prapti
mahajanapad shoorasen janapad
shasan-rajy mathura
mrityu kans ka vadh bhagavan shrikrishn dvara hua.
apakirti vasudev tatha devaki ko karagar mean dalana, apane pita ugrasen ko bandi banana, shrikrishn ke vadh hetu kee prakar ke prayas tatha prapanch rachana.
sanbandhit lekh ugrasen, devaki, vasudev, krishn, balaram, chanoor, mushtik, akroor, pootana adi.
any janakari keval vaidik sahity mean hi nahian apitu bauddh evan jain sahity mean bhi braj sanbandhi vividh ullekh milate haian. bauddh sahity ke antargat 'ghat jatak' mean vasudev, krishn aur kans ki katha hai.

kans mathura ka raja tha. puranoan ke anusar yah andhak-vrishni sangh ke gan mukhy ugrasen ka putr tha. kans mean svachchhand shasakiy ya adhinayakavadi pravrittiyaan jagrit huee aur vah pita ko apadasth karake svayan raja ban baitha. usaki bahan devaki aur bahanoee vasudev the. kans ne raja banane ke bad devaki tatha vasudev ko bhi karagar mean dal diya. yahian par devaki ke garbh se shrikrishn ka janm hua. at: krishn ke sath kans ka virodh svabhavik tha. krishn ne usaka vadh kar diya. apani nirankush pravrittiyoan ke karan kans ka chitran rakshas ke roop mean hua hai.

svechchhachari nrip

shrikrishn ke janm se pahale shoorasen janapad ka shasak kans tha, jo aandhakavanshi ugrasen ka putr tha. bachapan se hi kans svechchhachari tha. b da hone par vah janata ko adhik kasht pahuanchane laga. use ganatantr ki parampara ruchikar n thi aur shoorasen janapad mean vah svechchhachari nripatantr sthapit karana chahata tha. usane apani shakti badhakar ugrasen ko padachyut kar diya aur svany mathura ke yadavoan ka adhipati ban gaya. isase janata ke ek b de bhag ka kupit hona svabhavik tha. parantu kans ki aniti vahian tak simit nahian rahi; vah shighr hi mathura ka nirankush shasak ban gaya aur praja ko anek prakar se pi dit karane laga. isase praja mean kans ke prati gahara asantosh phail gaya. kintu kans ki shakti itani prabal thi aur usaka aantak itana chhaya hua tha ki bahut samay tak janata usake atyacharoan ko sahati rahi aur usake viruddh kuchh kar sakane mean asamarth rahi.

krishn janm

yaduvanshi raja shoorasen mathura mean rahakar rajy karate the. unake putr vasudev ka vivah devak ki kanya devaki se hua. ugrasen ka putr kans vivah ke pashchath vidaee ke samay apani chacheri bahan devaki ke rath ko haankane laga. usaka devaki se bahut sneh tha, tabhi akashavani sunayi p di- "he kans! jise too chahata hai aur itane prem se vida karane ja raha hai, us devaki ka athavaan balak tera vadh karega." aisa sunakar kans ne bahan ko marane ke lie talavar nikal li. vasudev ne use shaant kiya tatha vada kiya ki vah apani pratyek santan use sauanp diya kareange. pahala putr hone par jab vasudev kans ke pas pahuanche to nanhe balak ko vaise hi lauta kar kans ne kaha ki use to athavaan balak chahie." ek din narad ne kans ke pas pahuanchakar bataya ki yaduvanshi sab devata, apsara adi haian. ve daityoan ka sanhar karane ke lie janme haian to kans ne socha "kyoanki poorv janm mean vah svayan bhi 'kalanemi' namak rakshas tha, jise vishnu ne mara tha, isalie ab bhi devaki ke udar se vishnu hi janm leange." aisa vichar kar usane vasudev aur devaki ko kaid kar liya. kans ne ek-ek karake devaki ke chhah putroan ko janm lete hi mar dala.

devaki ke satavean garbh mean shrihari ke aansharoop shrishesh (anant) ne pravesh kiya. kans use bhi mar dalega, aisa sochakar bhagavan ne yogamaya se devaki ka garbh brajanivasini vasudev ki patni rohini ke udar mean rakhava diya. devaki ke garbh se khianche jane ke karan ve 'sankarshan', lokaranjan ke karan 'ram' tatha balavan ke hone ke karan balabhadr nam se vikhyat hue. devaki ka garbhapat ho gaya. tadanantar athavean putr ki bari mean shrihari ne svayan devaki ke udar se poornavatar liya tatha yogamaya ko yashoda ke garbh se janm lene ka adesh diya. shrikrishn janm lekar, devaki tatha vasudev ko apane virat roop ke darshan dekar, pun: ek sadharan balak ban gaye.

yogamaya ke prabhav se jel ke paharedaroan se lekar brajavasiyoan tak sabhi besudh ho gaye the. yogamaya ne yashoda ke ghar mean janm liya tha. par vah putr hai ya putri, abhi kisi ko jnat nahian tha. tabhi vasudev mathura se shishu krishn ko lekar nand ke ghar pahuanch gaye. jel ke daravaze svayan hi khulate chale gaye. nadi ne bhi vasudev ko marg diya. nand ne navajat shishu (shrikrishn) ko apani kanya se badal liya. kans ne use hi taangoan se uthakar pataka. vah yah kahati huee ki 'tujhe marane vala to anyatr janm le chuka hai,' akash ki or u d gayi tatha aantardhan ho gayi. kans ne vasudev tatha devaki ko chho d diya. usake mantriyoan ne apane pradesh ke sabhi navajat shishuoan ko marana athava tang karana praranbh kar diya. mantriyoan ki salah se kans ne brahmanoan ko bhi marana praranbh kar diya. usane anek asuri pravritti vale logoan se krishn ko maravana chaha, par sabhi krishn tatha balaram ke hathoan mare gaye. kans ne ek samaroh ke avasar par krishn tatha balaram ko amantrit kiya. usaki yojana vahian unhean marava dalane ki thi, kiantu krishn ne kans ko baloan se pak dakar usaki gaddi se khianchakar use pharsh par patak diya. use marakar ve log devaki tatha vasudev ko jel se mukt karavane gaye. jab unhoanne mata-pita ke charanoan mean vandana ki to devaki tatha vasudev krishn ko jagadishvar samajhakar hriday se lagane mean sankoch karate rahe.[1]

kans ki shakti ka karan

kans ka karagar, mathura

kans ki is shakti ka pradhan karan yah tha ki use aryavart ke tatkalin sarvapratapi raja jarasandh ka sahara prapt tha. vah jarasandh paurav vansh ka tha aur magadh ke vishal samrajy ka shasak tha. usane anek pradeshoan ke rajaoan se maitri-sanbandh sthapit kar liye the, jinake dvara use apani shakti badhane mean b di sahayata mili. kans ko jarasandh ne 'asti' aur 'prapti' namak apani do l dakiyaan byah dian aur is prakar usase apana ghanisht sanbandh-jo d liya. chedi ke yadav vanshi raja shishupal ko bhi jarasandh ne apana gahara mitr bana liya. idhar uttar-pashchim mean usane kuru vansh ke duryodhan ko apana sahayak banaya. poorvottar ki or asam ke raja bhagadant se bhi usane mitrata jo di. is prakar uttar bharat ke pradhan rajaoan se maitri sanbandh sthapit kar jarasandh ne apane p dosi rajyoan- kashi, kaushal, aang, bang adi par apana adhikar jama liya. kuchh samay bad kaliang ka rajy bhi usake adhin ho gaya. ab jarasandh panjab se lekar asam aur u disa tak ke pradesh ka sabase adhik prabhavashali shasak ban gaya.


kans ne apane pita ugrasen ko bandi banakar jel mean dal diya tha aur svayan svechchhachari raja ke roop mean mathura ke sianhasan par arudh ho gaya. usi kroor atyachari kans ne apani chacheri bahan devaki tatha usake pati vasudev ko kisi akashavani ko sunakar apane ko nirbhay rakhane ke vichar se jel mean dal diya tha. kans tatha usake kroor shasan ko samapt karane ke lie bhagavan shrikrishn ne devaki ke garbh se karagrih mean janm liya aur adbhut lilaoan ke kramoan ka vikas karate hue apane mama kans ka vadh karake brajavasiyoan ke kashtoan ko door kiya. apane mata-pita tatha nana ugrasen ko karagrih se mukt karaya tatha unhean pun: sianhasan par bithaya. shrikrishn ne kans ke atyachar se trast gopoan mean jagriti utpann ki tatha vayask hone par kans ko mar dala tatha ugrasen ka pun: rajyabhishek kar diya. jarasandh ko yah sab vidit hua to usane pun: yuddh kar ugrasen ko parast kar diya tatha kans ke putr ko shoorasen ka raja banaya.[2]

vividh ullekh

keval vaidik sahity mean hi nahian apitu bauddh evan jain sahity mean bhi braj sanbandhi vividh ullekh milate haian. bauddh sahity ke antargat ghat jatak mean vasudev, kanha aur kans ki katha hai. bauddh avadan sahity mean 'divyavadan' mukhy hai. is granth mean mathura mean bhagavan buddh ka agaman tatha shishyoan ke sath unaka vividh vishayoan par vichar-vimarsh varnit hai. isake atirikt 'lalitavistar', 'majjhimanikay', 'mahavatthu', 'petavatthu', 'vimanavatthu', 'atthakatha' adi granthoan evan unaki tikaoan mean jo vividh ullekh milate haian. unase mathura ki rajanitik, dharmik evan samajik sthiti par bahut-kuchh prakash p data hai.

kans ke samay mathura

kans ke samay mean mathura ka kya svaroop tha, isaki kuchh jhalak pauranik varnanoan mean dekhi ja sakati hai. jab shrikrishn ne pahali bar is nagari ko dekha to bhagavatakar ke shabdoan mean usaki shobha is prakar thi-

  • "us nagari ke pravesh-dvar ooanche the aur sphatik patthar ke bane hue the. unake b de-b de siradal aur kiva d sone ke the. nagari ke charoan or ki dival (parakota) taanbe aur pital ki bani thi tatha usake niche ki khaee durlabh thi. nagari anek udyanoan ek sundar upavanoan se shobhit thi."

dadarsh taan sphatikatungopur dvaraan vrihaddhemakapatatoranamh .
tamrarakoshthaan parikhadurasadamudyanaramyopavanopashobhitamh ॥
sauvarn shrriangatak harmyanishkutai: shreni sabhabhibhavanairupaskritamh .
vaidooryabajramal, nilavidrumairmuktaharidbhirbalabhishuvedipu ॥
jushteshu jalamukharandhrakutihtameshvavisht paravatavarhinaditamh .
sansiktarathyapanamargachatvaraan prakirnamalyaankuralajatandujam ॥
apoornakubhairdadhichandanokshitai: prasoonadipabalibhi: sapallavai: .
savriandaranbhakramukai: saketubhi: svalankritadvar grihaan sapatihtakai: ॥[3]

  • "suvarnamay chaurahoan, mahaloan, bagichiyoan, sarvajanik sthanoan evan vividh bhavanoan se vah nagari yukt thi. vaidoory, bajr, nilam, moti, hira adi ratnoan se alankrit chhajje, vediyaan tatha pharsh jagamaga rahe the aur un par baithe hue kabootar aur mor anek prakar ke madhur shabd kar rahe the. galiyoan aur bazaroan mean, s dakoan tatha chaurahoan par chhi dakav kiya gaya tha aur un par jahaan-tahaan phool-malaean, doorva-dal, laee aur chaval bikhare hue the."
  • "makanoan ke daravajoan par dahi aur chandan se anulepit tatha jal se bhare hue manal-ghat rakhe hue the, phooloan, dipavaliyoan, bandanavaroan tatha phalayukt kele aur supari ke vrikshoan se dvar sajaye gaye the aur un par patake aur jh diyaan phahara rahi thi."

mathura ek samriddh puri

uparyukt varnan kans ya krishn kalin mathura se kahaan tak mel khata hai, yah batana kathin hai. parantu isase tatha any puranoan mean prapt varnanoan se itana avashy jnat hota hai ki tatkalin mathura ek samriddh puri thi. usake charoan or nagar-dival thi tatha nagari mean udyanoan ka bahuly tha. mor pakshiyoan ki shayad is samay bhi mathura mean adhikata thi. mahaloan, makanoan, s dakoan aur bazaroan adi ke jo varnan milate haian, unase pata chalata hai ki kans ke samay ki mathura ek dhan-dhany sampann nagari thi.

vithika

tika tippani aur sandarbh

  1. shrimadh bhagavat,10.1-4,10.44.– harivansh puran, vishnuparv. 1-30. vishnu puran, 5 / 1-20.
  2. mahabharat, sabhaparv, adhyay 22,shlok 36 ke uparaant
  3. bhagavat, 10, 41, 20-23

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

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