यक्ष

yaksh
Yaksha
rajakiy sangrahalay, mathura

yaksh ek ardh devayoni (napuansak liang) hai jisaka ullekh rrigved mean hua hai. usaka arth hai 'jadoo ki shakti'. 'yach' sambhavat: 'yaksh' ka hi ek prakrit roop hai. atev sambhavat: yaksh ka arth jadoo ki shaktivala hoga aur nissandeh isaka arth yakshini hai. yakshoan ki prarambhik dharana thik vahi thi jo pichhe vidyadharoan ki huee. yakshoan ko rakshasoan ke nikat mana jata hai, yadyapi ve manushyoan ke virodhi nahian hote, jaise rakshas hote haian. (anudar yaksh evan udar rakshas ke udaharan bhi paye jate haian, kintu yah unaka sadharan dharm nahian hai.) yaksh tatha rakshas donoan hi 'punyajan' (atharvaved mean kuber ki praja ka nam) kahalate haian. mana gaya hai ki prarambh mean do prakar ke rakshas hote the; ek jo raksha karate the ve yaksh kahalaye tatha doosare yajnoan mean badha upasthit karane vale rakshas kahalaye. yakshoan ke raja kuber uttar ke dikpal tatha svarg ke koshadhyaksh kahalate haian.

mahabharat mean yaksh ke prashn

paandavoan ke vanavas ke barah varsh samapt hone vale the. isake bad ek varsh ke ajnatavas ki chianta yudhishthir ko sata rahi thi. isi chianta mean magn ek din yudhishthir bhaiyoan aur krishn ke sath vichar vimarsh kar rahe the ki unake samane ek rota hua brahman a kh da hua. rone ka karan poochhane par usane bataya – “meri jhopadi ke bahar arani ki lak di tangi huee thi. ek hiran aya aur vah is lak di se apana sharir khujalane laga aur chal p da. arani ki lak di usake siang mean hi atak gee. isase hiran ghabara gaya aur b di teji se bhag kh da hua. ab maian agni hotr ke lie agni kaise utpann karooanga?”

us brahman par taras khakar paanchoan bhaee hiran ki khoj mean nikal p de. hiran unake age se teji se dau data hua bahut door nikal gaya aur aankhoan se ojhal ho gaya. paanchoan paandav thake hue pyas se vyakul hokar ek baragad ki chhaanv mean baith ge. ve sabhi is bat se lajjit the ki shaktishali aur shooravir hote hue bhi brahman ka chhota sa kam bhi nahian kar sake. pyas ke mare un sabhi ka kanth sookh raha tha. nakul sabhi ke lie pani ki khoj mean nikal p de. kuchh door jane par unhean ek sarovar mila jisamean svachchh pani bhara hua tha. nakul pani pine ke lie jaise hi sarovar mean utare, ek avaz aee – “madri ke putr, dussahas nahian karo. yah jalashay mere adhin hai. pahale mere prashnoan ke uttar do, phir pani piyo”.
yaksh

nakul chauank uthe, par unhean itani tej pyas lag rahi thi ki unhoanne chetavani anasuni kar di aur pani pi liya. pani pite hi ve pranahin hokar gir p de. b di der tak nakul ke nahian lautane par yudhishthir chiantit hue aur unhoanne sahadev ko bheja. sahadev ke sath bhi vahi ghatana ghati jo nakul ke sath ghati thi. sahadev ke n lautane par arjun us sarovar ke pas ge. donoan bhaiyoan ko mrit p de dekhakar unaki mrityu ka karan sochate hue arjun ko bhi usi prakar ki vani sunaee di jaisi nakul aur sahadev ne suni thi arjun kupit hokar shabdabhedi ban chalane lage par usaka koee phal nahian nikala. arjun ne bhi krodh mean akar pani pi liya aur ve bhi kinare par ate-ate moorchchhit hokar gir ge. arjun ki bat johate-johate yudhishthir vyakul ho uthe. unhoanne bhaiyoan ki khoj ke lie bhim ko bheja bhimasen teji se jalashay ki or badhe. vahaan unhoanne apane tin bhaiyoan ko mrit paya. unhoanne socha ki yah avashy kisi rakshas ke karatoot hai par kuchh karane se pahale unhoanne pani pina chaha. yah sochakar bhim jyoan hi sarovar mean utare unhean bhi vahi avaz sunaee di. – “mujhe rokane vala too kaun hai!?” – yah kahakar bhim ne pani pi liya. pani pite hi ve bhi vahian dher ho ge.
charoan bhaiyoan ke nahian lautane par yudhishthir chiantit ho uthe aur unhean khojate hue jalashay ki or jane lage. nirjan van se guzarate hue yudhishthir usi vishaile sarovar ke pas pahuanch ge jisaka jal pikar unake charoan bhaee pran kho baithe the. unaki mrityu ka karan khojate hue yudhishthir bhe pani pine ke lie sarovar mean utare aur unhean bhi vahi avaz sunaee di – “savadhan! tumhare bhaiyoan ne meri bat n manakar talab ka jal pi liya. yah talab mere adhin hai. mere prashnoan ka sahi uttar dene par hi tum is talab ka jal pi sakate ho!”

yudhishthir jan ge ki yah koee yaksh bol raha tha. unhoanne kaha – “ap prashn karean, maian uttar dene ka prayas karooanga!”
yaksh ne prashn kiya – manushy ka sath kaun deta hai?
yudhishthir ne kaha – dhairy hi manushy ka sath deta hai.

yaksh – yashalabh ka ekamatr upay kya hai?
yudhishthir – dan.

yaksh – hava se tej kaun chalata hai?
yudhishthir – man.

yaksh – videsh jane vale ka sathi kaun hota hai?
yudhishthir – vidya.

yaksh – kise tyag kar manushy priy ho jata hai?
yudhishthir – ahamh bhav se utpann garv ke chhoot jane par.

yaksh – kis chiz ke kho jane par duahkh nahian hota?
yudhishthir – krodh.

yaksh – kis chiz ko ganvakar manushy dhani banata hai?
yudhishthir – lobh.

mudagar pani yaksh

yaksh – brahman hona kis bat par nirbhar hai? janm par, vidya par, ya shital svabhav par?
yudhishthir – shital svabhav par.

yaksh – kaun sa ekamatr upay hai jisase jivan sukhi ho jata hai?
yudhishthir – achchha svabhav hi sukhi hone ka upay hai.

yaksh – sarvottam labh kya hai?
yudhishthir – arogy.

yaksh – dharm se badhakar sansar mean aur kya hai?
yudhishthir – daya.

yaksh – kaise vyakti ke sath ki gayi mitrata purani nahian p dati?
yudhishthir – sajjanoan ke sath ki gayi mitrata kabhi purani nahian p dati.

yaksh – is jagat mean sabase b da ashchary kya hai?
yudhishthir – roz hajaroan-lakhoan log marate haian phir bhi sabhi ko anantakal tak jite rahane ki ichchha hoti hai. isase b da ashchary aur kya ho sakata hai?

isi prakar yaksh ne kee prashn kiye aur yudhishthir ne un sabhi ke thik-thik uttar die. aant mean yaksh ne kaha – “rajan, maian tumhare mrit bhaiyoan mean se keval kisi ek ko hi jivit kar sakata hooan. tum jise bhi chahoge vah jivit ho jayega”.

yudhishthir ne yah sunakar ek pal ko socha, phir kaha – “nakul jivit ho jaye”.

yudhishthir ke yah kahate hi yaksh unake samane prakat ho gaya aur bola – “yudhishthir! das hazar hathiyoan ke bal vale bhim ko chho dakar tumane nakul ko jilana kyoan thik samajha? bhim nahian to tum arjun ko hi jila lete jisake yuddh kaushal se sada hi tumhari raksha hoti aee hai!”

yudhishthir ne kaha – “he dev, manushy ki raksha n to bhim se hoti hai n hi arjun se. dharm hi manushy ki raksha karata hai aur dharm se vimukh hone par manushy ka nash ho jata hai. mere pita ki do patniyoan mean se kuanti mata ka putr maian hi bacha hooan. maian chahata hooan ki madri mata ka bhi ek putr jivit rahe.”

“pakshapat se rahit mere priy putr, tumhare charoan bhaee jivit ho uthean!” – yaksh ne yudhishthir ko yah var diya. yah yaksh aur koee nahian balki svayan dharmadev the. unhoanne hi hiran ka aur yaksh ka roop dharan kiya hua tha. unaki ichchha thi ki ve apane dharmaparayan putr yudhishthir ko dekhakar apani aankhean tript karean.[1]


tika tippani aur sandarbh

  1. yaksh prashn (hiandi) hiandizen. abhigaman tithi: 30 mee, 2013.

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