gita rahasy athava karmayog shastr -bal gangadhar tilak
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gyarahavaan prakaran
manu aur yajnavalhkhy ne karmayog ko chaturth ashram ka vikalhp kaha hai; par baudhayan aur apashtamhb ne aisa n kar shpashht kah diya hai, ki grihashthashram hi mukhhy hai aur usi se age amritathv milata hai. baudhayan dharmasootr mean ‘’jayamanoan vai brahmanastribhirhrrinava jayate ‘’-janhm se hi prathyek brahman apani pith par tin rrin le ata hai-ithyadi taittiriy sanhita ke vachan pahale de kar kaha, hai ki in rrinoan ko chukane ke liye yajn-yag adi-poorvak grihashthashram ka ashray karane vala manushhy brahmalok ko pahuanchata hai aur brahmachary ya sannhyas ki prashansa karane vale anhy log bhi dhool mean mil jate haian[1]; evan apashtamhbasootr mean bhi aisa hi kaha hai[2]. yah nahian, ki in donoan dharmasootroan mean sannhyas-ashram ka varnan hi nahian hai; kinhtu usaka bhi varnan karake grihashthashram ka hi mahathv adhik mana hai. isase aur visheshat: manushmriti ke samay mean bhi karmathyagaroop sannhyas ashram ki apeksha nishhkam karmayogaroopi grihashthashram prachin samajha jata tha, aur moksh ki drishti se usaki yoghyata chaturth ashram ke barabar hi gini jati thi. gita ke tikakaroan ka zor sannhyas ya karmathyag-yukht bhakti par hi hone ke karan uparyakht shmriti-vachanoan ka ulhlekh unaki tika mean nahian paya jata. paranhtu unhhoanne is or durlabh bhale hi kiya ho, kinhtu isase karmayog ki prachinata ghatati nahian hai. yah kahane mean koee hani nahian, ki is prakar prachin hone ke karan, shmritikaroan ko yati–dharm ka vikalhp, karmayog manana p da. yah huee vaidik karmayog ki bat. shrikrishhn ke pahale janak adi isi ka acharan karate the. paranhtu age usamean bhagavanh ne bhakti ko bhi mila diya aur usaka bahut prasar kiya, is karan use hi ‘bhagavatadharm’ nam prapht ho gaya hai. yadyapi bhagavadgita ne is prakar sannhyas ki apeksha karmayog ko hi adhik shreshhthata di hai, tathapi karmayogamarg ko age gaunata khyoan prapht huee aur sannhyas-marg ka hi bolavala khyoan ho gaya-isaka vichar aitihasik drishti se age kiya javega. yahaan itana hi kahana hai, ki karmayog shmartamarg ke pashhchath ka nahian hai, vah prachin vaidik kal se chala a raha hai. bhagavadgita ke prathyek adhhyay ke anht mean ‘’iti shrimadgagavadbhitasu upanishathsu brahmavidyayaan yogashashtre’’ yah jo sankalhp hai, isaka marm pathakoan ke dhhyan mean ab poornataya a javega. yah sankalhp batalata hai, ki bhagavanh ke gaye hue upanishad mean anhy upanishadoan ke saman brahmavidya mean ‘saankhhy’ aur ‘yog’ ( vedanhti sannhyasi aur vedanhti karmayogi ) ye jo do panhth upajate haian unamean se yog ka arthath karmayog ka pratipadan hi bhagavadgita ka mukhhy vishay hai. yah kahane mean bhi koee hani nahian, ki bhagavadgitopanishad karmayog ka pradhan granhth hai. khyoanki yadyapi vaidik kal se hi karmayog chala a raha hai; tathapi ‘’kurvanhneveh karmani’’[3], ya’’ arabhhy karmani gunanvitani’’[4] athava ‘’vidya ke sath hi sath shvadhhyay adi karm karana chahiye’’[5], is prakar ke kuchh tho de se ulhlekhoan ke atirikht, upanishadoan mean is karmayog ka vishtrit vivechan kahian bhi nahian kiya gaya hai. |
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh
| prakaran | nam | prishth sankhya |
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj