ashtadash adhyay
sambandh- is adhyay ke pahale shlok mean arjun ne sannyas aur tyag ka tattv alag-alag janane ki ichchha prakat ki thi, atah donoan ka tattv samajhane ke liye pahale is vishay par vidvanoan ki sammati batalakar chauthe se barahavean shlok tak bhagavanh ne apane mat ke anusar tyag aur tyagi ke lakshan batalaye. tadanantar terahavean se satrahavean shlok tak sannyas (saankhy)- ke svaroop ka niroopan karake sannyas mean sahayak sattvagun ka grahan aur usake virodhi raj evan tam ka tyag karane ke uddeshy se atharahavean se chalisavean shlok tak gunoan ke anusar jnan, karm aur karta adi mukhy-mukhy padarthoan ke bhed samajhaye aur ant mean samast srishti ko gunoan se yukt batalakar us vishay ka upasanhar kiya. vahaan tyag ka svaroop batalate samay bhagavanh ne yah bat kahi thi ki niyat karm ka svaroop se tyag uchit nahian hai[1] apitu niyat karmoan ko asakti aur phal ke tyagapoorvak karate rahana hi vastavik tyag hai[2], kiantu vahaan yah bat nahian batalayi ki kisake liye kaun-sa karm niyat hai. atev ab sankshep mean niyat karmoan ka svaroop, tyag ke nam se varnit karmayog mean bhakti ka sahayog aur usaka phal param siddhi ki prapti batalane ke liye punah usi tyagaroop karmayog ka prakaran arambh karate hue brahman, kshatriy, vaishy aur shoodroan ke svabhavik niyat karm batalane ki prastavana karate haian-
brahmanakshatriyavishaan shoodranaan ch parantap .
karmani pravibhaktani svabhavaprabhavairgunai: .. 41 ..
he parantap! brahman, kshatriy aur vaishyoan ke tatha shudroan ke karm svabhav se utpann gunoan ke dvara vibhakt kiye gaye haian .. 41 ..
prashn- ‘brahmanakshatriyavishamh’ is pad mean brahman, kshatriy aur vaishy- in tin shabdoan ka samas karane ka tatha ‘shoodranamh’ pad se shoodroan ko alag karake kahane ka kya abhipray hai?
uttar- brahman, kshatriy aur vaishy- ye tinoan hi dvij haian. tinoan ka hi yajnopavit dharanapoorvak vedadhyayan mean aur yajnadi vaidik karmoan mean adhikar hai; isi hetu se brahman, kshatriy aur vaishy- in tinoan shabdoan ka samas kiya gaya hai. shoodr dvij nahian haian, atev unaka yajnopavit dharan mean tatha vedadhyayan mean yajnadi vaidik karmoan mean adhikar nahian hai- yah bhav dikhalane ke liye ‘shoodranamh’ pad se unako alag kaha gaya hai.
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