- mahabharat bhishm parv mean shrimadbhagavadgita parv ke aantargat 36vean adhyay mean 'sakar aur nirakar upasakoan ki uttamata ke nirnay ka varnan' diya hua hai, jo is prakar hai[1]-
vishay soochi
sakar aur nirakar upasakoan ki uttamata ka
sanbandh- gita ke doosare adhhyay se lekar chhathe adhhyay tak bhagavan ne jagah-jagah nirgun brahm ki aur sagun parameshvar ki upasana ki prashansa ki hai. satavean adhhyay se ghyarahavean adhhyay tak to vishesh roop se sagun bhagavan ki upasana ka mahattv dikhalaya hai. isi ke sath paanchave adhhyay mean satrahavean se chhabhbisavean shlok tak, chhathe adhhyay mean chaubisavean se unhtisavean tak, athavean adhhyay mean ghyarahavean se terahavean tak tatha isake siva aur bhi kitani hi jagah nirgun ki upasana ka mahattv bhi dikhalaya hai. akhir ghyaharavean adhhyay ke aant mean sagun-sakar bhagavan ki ananhy bhakti ka phal bhagavathprapti batalakar ‘mathkarmakrith’ se aramhbh hone vale is aantim shlok mean sagun-sakar-shvaroop bhagavan ke bhakt ki vishesh-roop se b daee ki. is par arjun ke man mean yah jijnasa huee ki nirgun-nirakar brahm ki aur sagun-sakar bhagavan ki upasana karane vale donoan prakar ke upasakoan mean uttam upasak kaun haian- arjun bole- jo ananhy premi bhaktajan poorvokt prakar se nirantar apake bhajan-dhhyan mean lage rahakar ap sagunaroop parameshvar ko aur doosare jo keval avinashi sachchidanandaghan nirakar brahm ko hi atishreshhth bhav se bhajate haian, un donoan prakar ke upasakoan mean ati uttam yogavethta kaun haian? shribhagavan bole- mujhamean man ko ekagr karake nirantar mere bhajan-dhhyan mean lage hue jo bhaktajan atishay shreshhth shraddha se yukht, hokar mujh sagunaroop parameshvar ko bhajate haian,[2] ve mujhako yogiyoan mean ati uthtam yogi manhy haian. sanbandh- poorvashlok mean sagun-sakar parameshvar ke upasakoan ko uthtam yogaveta batalaya, is par yah jijnasa ho sakati hai ki to khya nirgun-nirakar brahm ke upasak uthtam yogavetta nahian hai; is par kahate haian.[1] parantu jo purush indriyoan ke samuday ko bhali prakar vash mean karake man-buddhi se pare, sarvavhyapi, akathaniy shvaroop aur sada ekaras rahane vale, nithy, achal, nirakar, avinashi sachchidanandaghan brahm ko nirantar ekibhav se (abhinhnabhav se) dhhyan karate hue bhajate haian, ve samhpoorn bhootoan ke hit mean rat[3] aur sabamean saman bhav vale yogi mujhako hi prapht hote haian.[4]
sanbandh- is prakar nirgun-upasana aur usake phal ka pratipadan karane ke pashchat ab dehabhimaniyoan ke liye avhyakht gati-ki prapti ko kathin batalate haian- un sachchidanandaghan nirakar brahm mean asakht chitt vale purushoan ke sadhan mean parishram vishesh hai,[5] khyoanki dehabhimaniyoan ke dvara avhyaktavishayak gati du:khapoorvak prapht ki jati hai.[6] parantu jo mere parayan rahane vale[7] bhaktajan samhpoorn karmoan ko mujhamean arpan karake[8] mujh sagunaroop parameshhvar ko hi ananhyabhakti yog se nirantar chiantan karate hue bhajate haian.[9] he arjun! un mujhamean chitt lagane vale premi bhaktoan ka maian shighr hi mrithyu roop sansar samudr se uddhar karane vala hota hooan.[10] sanbandh- is prakar poorvashlokoan mean nirgun-upasana ki apeksha sagun-upasana ki sagumata ka pratipadan kiya gaya. isaliye ab bhagavan arjun ko usi prakar man-buddhi lagakar sagun-upasana karane ki ajna dete hai. mujhamean man ko laga aur mujhamean hi buddhi ko laga; isake anantar too mujhamean hi nivas karega,[11] isamean kuchh bhi sanshay nahian hai. yadi too man ko mujhamean achal shthapan karane ke liye samarth nahian hai to he arjun! abhhyasaroop yog ke dvara mujhako prapht hone ke liye ichhchha kar.[12][13]
yadi too uparyukht abhhyas mean bhi asamarth hai to keval mere liye karm karane ke hi parayan ho ja.[14] is prakar mere nimitht karmoan ko karata hua bhi meri praptiroop siddhi ka hi prapht hoga.[15] yadi meri praptiroop yog ke ashrit hokar uparyukht sadhan ko karane mean bhi too asamarth hai to man-buddhiadi par vijay prapht karane vala hokar sab karmoan ke phal ka thyag kar.[16] sanbandh-chhathe shlok se athavean tak ananhy dhhyan ka phal sahit varnan karake navean se ghyarahavean shlok tak ek prakar ke sadhan mean asamarth hone par doosara sadhan batalate hue aant mean ‘sarvakarmaphalathyag’ roop ka sadhan ka varnan kiya gaya. isase yah shanka ho sakati hai ki ‘karmaphalathyag’ roop sadhan poorvokht anhy sadhanoan ki apeksha nimhn shreni ka hoga; at: aisi shanka ko hatane ke liye karmaphal ke thyag ka mahattv agale shlok mean batalaya jata hai[13]- marm ko n janakar kiye hue abhhyas se jnan shreshhth hai,[17] jnan se mujh parameshvar ke shvaroop ka dhhyan shreshth[18] hai aur dhhyan se bhi sab karmo ke phal ka thyag shreshhth hai;[19] khyoanki thyag se tathkal hi param shaanti hoti hai.[20][21]
tika tippani v sandarbh
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 mahabharat bhishm parv adhyay 36 shlok 1-2
- ↑ gopiyoan ki bhaanti samasht karm karate samay param premashpad, sarvashaktiman, sarvanhtaryami, samhpoorn gunoan ke samudr bhagavan mean man ko tanhmay karake unake gun, prabhav aur shvaroop ka sada-sarvada premapoorvakachiantan karate rahana hi man ko ekagr karake nirantar unake dhhyan mean sthit rahate hue unako bhajana hai. shrimadbhagavat mean batalaya hai-
ya dohaneavahanane mathanopalepaprenkhenkhanarbharooditokshanamarjanadau.
gayanti chainamanurakhtadhiyoashrukanhthacho dhanhya vrajastriy urookramachithyana:.. ( 10.44.15)‘jo gauoan ka doodh duhate samay, dhan adi kootate samay, dahi bilote samay, aangan lipate samay, balakoan ko palane mean jhulate samay, rote hue bachhchoan ko lori dete samay, gharoan mean jal chhi dakate samay aur jha doo dene adi karmoan ko karate samay premapoorvak chitt se aankhoan mean aansoo bharakar gadgad vani se shrikrishhn ka gan kiya karati haian- is prakar sada shrikrishhn mean hi chitt lagaye rakhane vali ye vrajavasini gopiyaan dhanhy haian.‘
- ↑ jis prakar aviveki manushhy apane hit mean rat rahata hai, usi prakar un nirgun-upasakoan ka samhpoorn praniyoan mean athmabhav ho jane ke karan ve saman bhav se sabake hit rat rahate haian.
- ↑ is kathan se bhagavan ne brahm ko apane se abhinhn batalate hue kaha hai ki uparyukht upasana ka phal jo nirgun brahm ki prapti hai, vah meri hi prapti hai; khyoanki brahm mujhase bhinhn nahian hai aur maian brahm se bhinhn nahian hooan. vah brahm maian hi hooan, yahi bhav bhagavan ne gita ke chaudahavean adhhyay ke sattaeesavean shlok mean ‘brahmano hi pratishhthahamh’ arthat maian brahm ko pratishhtha hooan- is kathan se dikhalaya hai.
- ↑ poorv shlokoan mean jin nirgun-upasako ka varnan hai, un nirgun-nirakar sachchidanandaghan brahm mean asakht-chithtavale purushoan ko parishram vishesh hai, yah kahakar bhagavan ne yah bhav dikhalaya hai ki nirgun brahm ka tathv b da hi gahan hai; jisaki buddhi shuddh, sthir aur sookshhm hoti hai, jisaka sharir mean abhiman nahian hota, vahi use samajh sakata hai; sadharan manushhyoan ki samajh mean yah nahian ata. isaliye nirgunupasana ke sadhan ke aramhbhakal mean parishram adhik hota hai.
- ↑ uparyukht kathan se bhagavan ne poorvarddh mean batalaye hue parishram ka hetu dikhalaya hai. abhipray yah hai ki deh mean abhiman rahate nirgun brahm ka tatthv samajh mean ana bahut kathin hai. isaliye jinaka sharir mean abhiman hai, unako vaisi sthiti b de parishram se prapht hoti hai.
kiantu jo gita ke chhathe adhhyay ke chaubisavean se sattaeesavean shlok tak nirgun-upasana ka prakar batalakar atthaeesavean shlok mean us prakar ka sadhan karate-karate sukhapoorvak paramathmapraptiroop athyantanand ka labh hona batalaya hai, vah kathan jisake samasht pap tatha rajogun aur tamogun shaant ho gaye haian, jo ‘brahmabhoot’ ho gaya hai arthat jo brahm mean abhinhn bhav-se sthit ho gaya hai-aise purush ke liye hai, dehabhimaniyoan ke liye nahi. - ↑ bhaanti-bhaanti ke du:khoan ki prapti hone par bhi prahlad ki bhaanti bhagavan par nirbhar aur nirvikar rahana, un du:khoan ko bhagavan ko bheja hua purashkar samajh kar sukharoop hi samajhana tatha bhagavan ko hi param premi, param gati, param suhrid aur sab prakar se sharan lene yoghy samajhakar apane apako bhagavan ke samarpan kar dena- yahi bhagavan ke parayan hona haian.
- ↑ karmoan ke karane mean paradhin samajhakar bhagavan ki ajna aur sanket ke anusar samasht shastranukool karm karate rahana; un karmoan mean n to mamata aur asakti rakhana aur n unake phal se kisi prakar ka sanbandh rakhana; prathyek kriya mean aisa hi bhav rakhana ki maian to keval nimithtamatr hooan, meri kuchh bhi karane ki shakti nahian hai, bhagavan hi apane ichhchhanusar mujhase kathaputali ki bhaanti samasht karm karava rahe haian- yahi samasht karmoan ka bhagavan ke samarpan karana hai.
- ↑ ek parameshvar ke siva mera koee nahian hai, ve hi mere sarvashv haian- aisa samajhakar jo bhagavan mean shvartharahit tatha athyant shraddha se yukht ananhy prem karana hai- jis prem mean shvarth, abhiman aur vhyabhichar ka jara bhi dosh nahian hai; jo sarvatha poorn aur atal hai; jisaka kianchit aansh bhi bhagavan se bhinhn vashtu mean nahian hai aur jisake karan kshanamatr ki bhi bhagavan ki vishmriti asahy ho jati hai- us ananhy prem ko ‘ananhy bhakthia yog’ kahate haian aur aise bhaktiyog dvara nirantar bhagavan ka chiantan karate hue jo unake gun, prabhav aur lilaoan ka shravan, kirtan, unake namoan ka uchhcharan aur jap adi karana hai- yah ananhy bhaktiyog ke dvara bhagavan ka nirantar chiantan karate hue unako bhajana hai.
- ↑ is sansar mean abhi kuchh mrithyumay hai; isamean paida hone vali ek bhi chij aisi nahian hai, jo kabhi kshanabhar ke liye bhi mrithyu ke akraman se bachati ho. jaise samudr mean asankhhy laharean uthati rahati haian, vaise hi is apar sansar-sagar mean anavarat janhm-mrithyuroopi tarangean utha karati haian. samuhdr ki laharoan ki ganana chahe ho jay; par jab tak parameshvar ki prapti nahian hoti, tab tak bhavishhy mean jiv ko kitani bar janhmana aur marana p dega- isaki ganana nahian ho sakati. isiliye isako ‘mrithyuroop sansar-sagar’ kahate haian.
jo bhakt man buddhi ko bhagavan mean lagakar nirantar bhagavan ki upasana karate haian, unako bhagavan tathkal hi janhm-mrithyu se sada ke liye chhu dakar apani prapti yahian kara dete haian athava marane ke bad apane param dham mean le jate haian- arthat jaise kevat kisi ko nauka mean baithakar nadi se par kar deta hai, vaise hi bhaktiroopi nauka par sthit bhakt ke liye bhagavan shvayan kevat banakar, usaki samasht kathinaiyoan aur vipattiyoan ko door karake bahut shighr use bhishan sansar-samudr ke us par apane paramadham mean le jate haian. yahi bhagavan ka apane uparyukht bhakt ko mrithyu roop sansar se par kar dena hai. - ↑ jo samhpoorn charachar sansar ko vhyapht karake sabake hriday mean sthit haian aur jo dayaluta, sushilata tatha suhridata adi anant gunoan ke samudr haian, un param divhy, premamay aur anandamay, sarvashaktiman, sarvottam, sharan lene ke yoghy parameshhvar ke gun, prabhav aur lila ke tatthv tatha rahashy ko bhalibhaanti samajhakar unaka sada-sarvada aur sarvatr atal nishchay rakhana- yahi buddhi ko bhagavan mean lagana hai tatha is prakar apane param premashpad purushottam bhagavan ke atirikht anhy samasht vishayoan se asakti ko sarvatha hatakar man ko keval unhhian mean tanhmay kar dena aur nithy-nirantar uparyukht prakar se unaka chiantan karate rahana- yahi man ko bhagavan mean lagana hai. is prakar jo apane man-buddhi ko bhagavan mean laga deta hai, vah shighr hi bhagavan ko prapht ho jata hai.
isaliye bhagavan ke gun, prabhav aur lila ke tatthv aur rahashy ko jane vale mahapurushoan ka sang, unake gun aur acharanoan ka anukaran tatha bhog, alashy aur pramad ko chho dakar unake batalaye hue marg ka vishhvasapoorvak tathparata ke sath anusaran karana chahiye. - ↑ bhagavan ki prapti ke liye bhagavan mean nana prakar ki yuktiyoan se chitt ko shthapan karane ka jo bar-bar prayathn kiya jata hai, use ‘abhhyasayog’ kahate haian. at: bhagavan ke jis nam, roop, gun aur lila adi mean sadhak ki shraddha aur prem ho, usi mean keval bhagavathprapti ke uddeshhy hi bar-bar man lagane ke liye prayathn karana abhhyasayog ke dvara bhagavan ko prapht karane ki ichhchha karana hai. bhagavan mean man lagane ke sadhan shastroan mean anekoan prakar ke batalaye gaye haian, unamean se nimhnalikhit katipay sadhan sarvasadharan ke liye vishesh upayogi pratit hote haian-
(1) soory ke samane aankhean mooandane par man ke dvara sarvatr samabhav se jo ek prakash ka puanj pratit hota hai, usase bhi hajaroan guna adhik prakash ka puanj bhagavathshvaroop mean hai- is prakar man se nishchay karake paramathma ke us tejomay jhyoti-shvaroop mean chitht lagane ke liye bar-bar cheshhta karana.
(2) jaise diyasalaee mean agni vhyapak hai, vaise hi bhagavan sarvatr vhyapak haian- yah samajhakar jahaan-jahaan man jay vahaan-vahaan hi gun aur prabhavasahit sarvashaktiman param premashpad parameshhvar ke shvaroop ka premapoorvak pun: pun: chiantan karate rahana.
(3) jahaan-jahaan man jay, vahaan-vahaan se use hatakar bhagavan vishhnu, shiv, ram aur krishn adi jo bhi apane ishhtadev hoan, unaki manasik ya dhatu adi se nirmit moorti mean athava chitrapat mean ya unake nam-jap mean shraddha aur prem ke sath pun: pun: man lagane ka prayathn karana.
(4) bhramar ke guanjar ki tarah ekatar oankar ki dhhvani karate hue us dhhvani mean parameshvar ke shvaroop ka pun: pun: chiantan karana.
(5) shvabhavik shhvas-prashhvas ke sath-sath bhagavan ke nam ka jap nithy-nirantar hota rahe- isake liye prayathn karana.
(6) paramatma ke nam, roop, gun, charitr aur prabhav ke rahashy ko janane ke liye tadvishayak shastroan ko pun: pun: abhhyas karana.
(7) gita ke chauthe adhhyay ke unhtisavean shlok ke anusar pranamaya ka abhhyas karana.inamean se koee-sa bhi abhhyas yadi shraddha aur vishvas tatha lagan ke sath kiya jay to kramash: samhpoorn papoan aur vighnoan ka nash hokar aant mean bhagavathprapti ho jati hai. isaliye b de uthsah aur tathparata ke sath abhhyas karana chahiye. sadhakoan ki sthiti, adhikar tatha sadhan ki gati ke taratamhy se phal ki prapti mean der-saver ho sakati hai. atev shighr phal n mile to kathin samajhakar, oobakar ya alashy ke vash hokar n to apane abhhyas ko chho dana hi chahiye aur n usamean kisi prakar kami hi ane deni chahiye; balki use badhate rahana chahiye.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 mahabharat bhishm parv adhyay 36 shlok 3-11
- ↑ is shlok mean kahe hue ‘mathkarm’ shabhd se un karmoan ko samajhana chahiye jo keval bhagavan ke liye hi hote haian ya bhagavat-seva-pooja vishayak hote haian tatha jin karmoan mean apana jara bhi shvarth, mamathv aur asakti adi ka sanbandh nahian hota. gita ke ghyarahavean adhhyay ke aantim shlok mean bhi ‘mathkarmakrith’ pad mean ‘mathkarm’ shabhd aya hai, vahaan bhi isaki vhyakhhya ki gayi hai.
ekamatr bhagavan ko hi apana param ashray aur param gati manana aur keval unhhian ki prasanhnata ke liye param shraddha aur ananhy prem ke sath man, vani aur sharir se unaki seva-pooja adi tatha yajn, dan aur tap adi shastravihit karmoan ko apana kartavhy samajhakar nirantar karate rahana- yahi un karmoan ke parayan hona hai. - ↑ isase bhagavan ne yah bhav dikhalaya hai ki is prakar karmo ka karana bhi meri prapti ka ek shvatantr aur sugam sadhan hai. jaise bhajan-dhhyanaroopi sadhan karane valoan ko meri prapti hoti hai, vaise hi mere liye karm karane valoan ko bhi maian prapht ho sakata hooan. atev mere liye karm karana poorvokht sadhanoan ki apeksha kisi aansh mean bhi nimhn shreni ka sadhan nahian hai.
- ↑ yajn, dan, tap, seva aur varnashramanusar jivika tatha shariranirvah ke lie kiye jane vale shastrasamhmat sabhi karmoan ko yathayoghy karate hue, is lok aur paralok ke bhogoan ki praptiroop jo unaka phal hai, usame mamata, asakti aur kamana ka sarvatha thyag kar dena hi ‘sab karmoan ka phalathyag karana' hai.
is adhhyay ke chhathe shlok ke kathananusar samasht karmoan ko bhagavan mean arpan karana, dasavean shlok ke kathananusar bhagavan-ke liye bhagavan ke karmoan ko karana tatha is shlok ke kathananusar samasht karmoan ke phal ka thyag karana- ye tinoan hi ‘karm-yog’ haian aur tinoan ka hi phal parameshvar ki prapti hai, atev phal mean kisi prakar ka bhed nahian hai. keval sadhakoan ki prakriti, bhavana aur unake sadhan ki pranali ke bhed se inaka bhed kiya gaya hai. samasht karmoan ko bhagavan mean arpan karana aur bhagavan ke liye samasht karm karana-in donoan mean to bhakti ki pradhanata hai; ‘sarvakarmaphalathyag’ maian keval phal-thyag ki pradhanata hai. yahi inaka mukhhy bhed hai.
samhpoorn karmoan ko bhagavan ke arpan kar dene vala purush samajhata hai ki maian bhagavan ke hath ki kathaputali hooan, mujhamean kuchh bhi karane ki samarthhy nahian hai, mere man, buddhi aur indriyadi jo kuchh haian- sab bhagavan ke haian aur bhagavan hi inase apane ichhchhanusar samasht karmoan mean aur unake phal mean kianchinhmatr bhi rag-dvesh nahian rahata; use prarabhdhanusar jo kuchh bhi sukh-du:khoan ke bhog prapht hote haian, un sabako vah bhagavan ka prasad samajhakar sada hi prasanhn rahata hai. atev usaka sab mean samabhav hokar use shighr hi bhagavan ki prapti ho jati hai.
bhagavadarth karm karane vala manushhy poorvoankht sadhak ki bhaanti yah nahian samajhata ki ‘maian kuchh nahian karata hooan aur bhagavan hi mujhase sab kuchh karava lete haian. vah yah samajhata hai ki bhagavan mere param poojhy, param premi aur param suhridh haian; unaki seva karana aur unaki ajna ka palan karana hi mera param kartavhy hai. atev vah bhagavan ko samasht jagat mean vhyapht samajhakar unaki seva ke uddeshhy se shastr dvara prapht unaki ajna ke anusar yajn, dan aur tap, varnashram ke anukool ajivika aur shariranirvah ke tatha bhagavan ki pooja-sevadi ke karmoan mean laga rahata hai. usaki prathyek kriya bhagavan ke ajnanusar aur bhagavan ki hi seva ke uddeshhy se hoti hai (gita 11:55), at: un samasht kriyaoan aur unake phaloan mean usaki asakti aur kamana ka abhav hokar use shighr hi bhagavan ki prapti ho jati hai.
keval ‘sab karmoan ke phal ka thyag’ karane vala purush n to yah samajhata hai ki mujhase bhagavan karm karavate haian aur n yahi samajhata hai ki maian bhagavan ke liye samasht karm karata hooan. vah yah samajhata hai ki karm karane mean hi manushhy ka adhikar hai, usake phal mean nahian (gita 2:47 se 51 tak), at: kisi prakar ka phal n chahakar yajn, dan, tap, seva tatha varnashram ke anusar jivika aur sharir nirvah ke khan-pan adi samasht shastravihit karmoan ko karana hi mera kartavhy hai. atev vah samasht karmoan ke phalaroop is lok aur paralok ke bhogoan mean mamata, asakti aur kamana ka sarvatha thyag kar deta hai; isase usamean rag-dvesh ka sarvatha abhav hokar use shighr hi paramathma ki prapti ho jati hai.
is prakar tinoan ke hi sadhan ka bhagavathpraptiroop ek phal hone par bhi sadhakoan ki manhyata, shvabhav aur sadhan-pranali mean bhed hone ke karan tin tarah ke sadhan alag-alag batalaye gaye haian.
yahaan yah shmaran rakhana chahiye ki jhooth, kapat, vhyabhichar, hiansa aur chori adi nishiddh karm ‘sarvakarm’ mean sammilit nahian hai. bhogoan mean asakti aur unaki kamana hone ke karan hi aise papakarm hote haian aur unake phalashvaroop manushhy ka sab tarah se patan ho jata hai. isiliye unaka shvaroop se hi sarvatha thyag kar dena batalaya gaya hai aur jab vaise karmoan ka hi sarvatha nishedh hai, tab unake phalathyag ka to prasang hi kaise a sakata hai.
bhagavan ne pahale man-buddhi ko apane mean lagane ke liye kaha, phir abhhyasayog batalaya, tadanantar madarth karm ke liye kaha aur aant mean sarvakarm phalathyag ke liye ajna di aur ek mean asamarth hone par doosare ka acharan karane ke liye kaha; bhagavan ka is prakar ka yah kathan n to phalabhed ki drishti se hai, khyoanki sabhi ka ek hi phal bhagavathprapti hai aur n ek ki apeksha doosare ko sugam hi batalane ke liye hai, khyoanki uparyukht sadhan ek-doosare ki apeksha uthtarotar sugam nahian haian. jo sadhan ek ke liye sugam hai, vahi doosare ke liye kathin ho sakata hai. is vichar se yah samajh mean ata hai ki in charoan sadhanoan ka varnan keval adhikaribhed se hi kiya gaya hai.
jis purush mean sagun bhagavan ke prem ki pradhanata hai, jisaki bhagavan mean shvabhavik shraddha hai, unake gun, prabhavav aur rahashy ki batean tatha unaki lila ka varnan jisako shvabhav se hi priy lagata hai- aise purush ke liye is adhhyay ke athavean shlok mean batalaya hua sadhan sugam aur upayogi hai.
jis purush ka bhagavan mean shvabhavik prem to nahian hai, kiantu shraddha hone ke karan jo hathapoorvak sadhan karake bhagavan mean man lagana chahata hai- aisi prakriti vale purush ke liye is adhhyay ke navean shlok mean batalaya hua sadhan sugam aur upayogi hai.
jis purush ki sagun parameshvar mean shraddha hai tatha yajn, dan, tap adi karmoan mean jisaka shvabhavik prem hai aur bhagavan ki pratimadi ki seva-pooja karane mean jisaki shraddha hai- aise purush ke liye is adhhyay ke dasavean shlok mean batalaya hua sadhan sugam aur upayogi hai.
jis purush ka sagun-sakar bhagavan mean shvabhavik prem aur shraddha nahian hai, jo eeshvar ke shvaroop ko keval sarvavhyapi nirakar manata hai, vhyavaharik aur lokahit ke karm karane mean hi jisaka shvabhavik prem hai- aise purush ke liye is shlok mean batalaya hua sadhan sugam aur upayogi hai. - ↑ yahaan ‘abhhyas’ shabhd isi adhhyay ke navean shlok mean batalaye hue abhhyasayog mean se keval abhhyasamatr ka vachak hai. arthat sakamabhav se pranayam, manonigrah, shtotr-path, vedadhhyayan, bhagavanhnam-jap adi ke liye bar-bar ki jane vali aisi cheshhtaoan ka nam yahaan ‘abhhyas’ hai, jinamean n to vivekajnan hai, n dhhyan hai aur n karm-phal ka thyag hi hai. abhipray yah hai ki navean shlok mean jo yog yani nishhkamabhav aur vivekajnan ka phal bhagavathprapti ki ichhchha hai, vah isamean nahian hai; khyoanki ye donoan jisake aantargat hoan, aise abhhyas ke sath jnan ki tulana karana aur usaki apeksha abhhyas-rahit jnan ko shreshhth batalana nahian ban sakata.
isi prakar yahaan ‘jnan’ shabhd bhi satsang aur shastr se uthpanhn us vivekajnan ka vachak hai, jisake dvara manushhy athma aur paramathma ke shvaroop ko tatha bhagavan ke gun, prabhav, lila adi ko samajhata hai evan sansar aur bhogoan ki anithyata adi anhy adhhyatmik batoan ko bhi samajhata hai; parantu jisake sath n to abhhyas hai, n dhhyan hai aur n karm-phal ki ichhchha ka thyag hi hai; khyoanki ye sab jisake aantargat hoan, us jnan ke sath abhhyas, dhhyan aur karmaphal ke thyag ka tulanathmak vivechan karana aur usaki apeksha dhyan ko tatha karmaphal ke thyag ko shreshhth batalana nahian ban sakata.
uparyukht abhhyas aur jnan donoan hi apane-apane shthan par bhagavathprapti mean sahayak haian; shraddha-bhakti aur nishhkam bhav ke sanbandh se donoan ke dvara hi manushhy paramathma ko prapht kar sakata hai, tathapi donoan ki parashpar tulana ki jane par abhhyas ki apeksha jnan hi shreshhth siddh hota hai. vivekahin abhhyas bhagavathprapti mean utana sahayak nahian ho sakata, jitana ki abhhyasahin vivekajnan sahayak ho sakata hai; khyoanki vah bhagavathprapti ki ichhchha ka hetu hai. yahi bat dikhalane ke liye yahaan abhhyas ki apeksha jnan ko shreshhth batalaya hai. - ↑ yahaan ‘dhhyan’ shabhd bhi chhathe se athavean shlok tak batalaye hue dhhyanayog mean se keval dhhyanamatr ka vachak hai arthat upashyadev manakar bhagavan ke sakar ya nirakar kisi bhi shvaroop mean sakamabhav se keval man-buddhi ko sthir kar dene ko yahaan ‘dhhyan’ kaha gaya hai. isamean n to poorvokht vivekajnan hai aur n bhogoan ki kamana ka thyag roop nishhkamabhav hi hai. abhipray yah hai ki us dhhyan yog mean jo samasht karmoan ka bhagavan ke samarpan kar dena, bhagavan ko hi param prapay samajhana aur ananhy prem se bhagavan ka dhhyan karana-ye sab bhav bhi sammilit haian, ve isamean nahian haian; khyoanki bhagavan ko sarvashreshhth samajhakar ananhy prem poorvak nishhkamabhav se kiya jane vala jo dhhyanayog hai, usamean vivekajnan aur karmaphal ke thyag ka aantarbhav hai. at: usake sath vivekajnan ki tulana karana aur usaki apeksha karmaphal ke thyag ko shreshhth batalana nahian ban sakata.
uparyukht vivekajnan aur dhhyan-donoan hi shraddha-prem aur nishhkamabhav ke sanbandh se paramathma ki prapti kara dene vale haian, isaliye donoan hi bhagavan ki prapti mean sahayak haian; parantu donoan ki parashpar tulana karane par dhhyan aur abhhyas se rahit jnan ki apeksha vivekarahit dhhyan hi shreshhth siddh hota hai; khyoanki bina dhhyan aur abhhyas ke keval vivekajnan bhagavan ki prapti mean utana sahayak nahian ho sakata, jitana bina vivekajnan ke keval dhhyan ho sakata hai. dhhyan dvara chitt sthir hone par chitht ki malinata aur chanchalata ka nash hota hai; parantu keval janakari se vaisa nahian hota. yahi bhav dikhalane ke liye jnan se dhhyan ko shreshhth batalaya gaya hai. - ↑ ghyarahavean shlok mean jo ‘sarvakarmaphalathyag’ ka shvaroop batalaya gaya hai, usi ka vachak ‘karmaphalathyag’ hai. oopar batalaya hua dhhyan bhi paramathma ki prapti mean sahayak hai; parantu jab tak manushhy ki kamana aur asakti ka nash nahian ho jata, tab tak use paramathma ki prapti sahaj hi nahian ho sakati. at: phalasakti ke thyag se rahit dhhyan paramathma ki prapti mean utana labhaprad nahian ho sakata, jitana ki bina dhhyan ke bhi samasht karmoan mean phal aur asakti ka thyag ho sakata hai
- ↑ is shlok mean abhhyasayog, jnanayog, dhhyanayog aur karmayog ka tulanathmak vivechan nahian hai; khyoanki un sabhi sadhanoan mean karmaphalaroop bhogoanki asakti ka thyagaroop nishhkamabhav aantargat hai. at: unaka tulanathmak vivechan nahian ho sakata. yahaan to karmaphal ke thyag ka mahattv dikhalane ke liye abhhyas, jnan aur dhhyanaroop sadhan, jo sansar ke jhanjhatoan se alag rahakar kiye jate haian aur kriya ki drishti se ek ki apeksha doosara kram se sattvik aur nivrittiparak hone ke nate shreshhth bhi haian, unaki apeksha karmaphal ke thyag ko bhav ki pradhanata ke karan shreshhth batalaya gaya hai. abhipray yah hai ki adhhyatmik unhnati mean kriya ki apeksha bhav ka hi adhik mahattv hai. varn-ashram ke anusar yajn, dan, yuddh, vanijhy, seva adi tatha sharir-nirvah ki kriya; pranayam, shtotr-path, ved-path, nam-jap adi abhhyas ki kriya; satsang aur shastroan ko dvara adhhyatmik batoan ko janane ke liye jnanavishayak kriya aur man ko sthir karane ke liye dhhyanavishayak kriya-ye uthtarotar shreshhth hone par bhi unamean se vahian shreshhth hai, jis ke sath karmaphal ka thyagaroop nishhkamabhav hai; khyoanki nishhkamabhav se paramathma ki prapti hoti hai, at: karmaphal ka thyag hi shreshhth hai; phir chahe vah kisi bhi shashtrasamhmat kriya ke sath khyoan n rahe, vahi kriya dikhane mean sadharan hone par bhi sarvashreshhth ho jati hai.
- ↑ mahabharat bhishm parv adhyay 36 shlok 12-16
sambandhit lekh
mahabharat bhishm parv mean ullekhit kathaean
jambookhandavinirman parv
kurukshetr mean ubhay paksh ke sainikoan ki sthiti
| kaurav-paandav dvara yuddh ke niyamoan ka nirman
| vedavyas dvara sanjay ko divy drishti ka dan
| vedavyas dvara bhayasoochak utpatoan ka varnan
| vedavyas dvara amangalasoochak utpatoan ka varnan
| vedavyas dvara vijayasoochak lakshanoan ka varnan
| sanjay dvara dhritarashtr se bhoomi ke mahattv ka varnan
| panchamahabhootoan dvara sudarshan dvip ka sankshipt varnan
| sudarshan dvip ke varsh tatha shashakriti adi ka varnan
| uttar kuru, bhadrashvavarsh tatha malyavan ka varnan
| ramanak, hiranyak, shriangavan parvat tatha airavatavarsh ka varnan
| bharatavarsh ki nadiyoan tatha deshoan ka varnan
| bharatavarsh ke janapadoan ke nam tatha bhoomi ka mahattv
| yugoan ke anusar manushyoan ki ayu tatha gunoan ka niroopan
bhoomi parv
sanjay dvara shakadvip ka varnan
| kush, krauanch tatha pushkar adi dvipoan ka varnan
| rahoo, soory evan chandrama ke praman ka varnan
shrimadbhagavadgita parv
sanjay ka dhritarashtr ko bhishm ki mrityu ka samachar sunana
| bhishm ke mare jane par dhritarashtr ka vilap
| dhritarashtr ka sanjay se bhishmavadh ghatanakram janane hetu prashn karana
| sanjay dvara yuddh ke vrittant ka varnan arambh karana
| duryodhan ki sena ka varnan
| kauravoan ke vyooh, vahan aur dhvaj adi ka varnan
| kaurav sena ka kolahal tatha bhishm ke rakshakoan ka varnan
| arjun dvara vajravyooh ki rachana
| bhimasen ki adhyakshata mean paandav sena ka age badhana
| kaurav-paandav senaoan ki sthiti
| yudhishthir ka vishad aur arjun ka unhean ashvasan
| yudhishthir ki ranayatra
| arjun dvara devi durga ki stuti
| arjun ko devi durga se var ki prapti
| sainikoan ke harsh tatha utsah vishayak dhritarashtr aur sanjay ka sanvad
| kaurav-paandav sena ke pradhan viroan tatha shankhadhvani ka varnan
| svajanavadh ke pap se bhayabhit arjun ka vishad
| krishn dvara arjun ka utsahavardhan evan saankhyayog ki mahima ka pratipadan
| krishn dvara karmayog evan sthitaprajn ki sthiti aur mahima ka pratipadan
| kartavyakarm ki avashyakata ka pratipadan evan svadharmapalan ki mahima ka varnan
| kamanirodh ke upay ka varnan
| nishkam karmayog tatha yogi mahatma purushoan ke acharan evan mahima ka varnan
| vividh yajnoan tatha jnan ki mahima ka varnan
| saankhyayog, nishkam karmayog, jnanayog evan dhyanayog ka varnan
| nishkam karmayog ka pratipadan aur atmoddhar ke lie prerana
| dhyanayog evan yogabhrasht ki gati ka varnan
| jnan-vijnan evan bhagavan ki vyapakata ka varnan
| krishn ka arjun se bhagavan ko janane aur n janane valoan ki mahima ka varnan
| brahm, adhyatm tatha karmadi vishayak arjun ke sat prashn aur unaka uttar
| krishn dvara bhaktiyog tatha shukl aur krishn margoan ka pratipadan
| jnan vijnan sahit jagat ki utpatti ka varnan
| prabhavasahit bhagavan ke svaroop ka varnan
| asuri aur daivi sampada valoan ka varnan
| sakam aur nishkam upasana ka varnan
| bhagavadbhakti ki mahima ka varnan
| krishn dvara arjun se sharanagati bhakti ke mahattv ka varnan
| krishn dvara apani vibhooti aur yogashakti ka varnan
| krishn dvara prabhavasahit bhaktiyog ka kathan
| krishn dvara apani vibhootiyoan aur yogashakti ka pun: varnan
| arjun dvara krishn se vishvaroop ka darshan karane ki prarthana
| krishn aur sanjay dvara vishvaroop ka varnan
| arjun dvara krishn ke vishvaroop ka dekha jana
| arjun dvara krishn ki stuti aur prarthana
| krishn ke vishvaroop aur chaturbhujaroop ke darshan ki mahima ka kathan
| sakar aur nirakar upasakoan ki uttamata ka nirnay
| bhagavatprapti vale purushoan ke lakshanoan ka varnan
| jnan sahit kshetr-kshetrajn ka varnan
| prakriti aur purush ka varnan
| jnan ki mahima aur prakriti-purush se jagat ki utpatti ka varnan
| sattv, raj aur tam gunoan ka varnan
| bhagavatprapti ke upay tatha gunatit purushoan ke lakshanoan ka varnan
| sansaravriksh aur bhagavatprapti ke upay ka varnan
| prabhav sahit parameshvar ke svaroop aur purushottam ke tattv ka varnan
| daivi aur asuri sampada ka phalasahit varnan
| shastr ke anukool acharan karane ke lie prerana
| shraddha aur shastr viparit ghor tap karane valoan ka varnan
| ahar, yajn, tap aur dan ke bhed ki vyakhya
| om, tath aur sath ke prayog ki vyakhya
| tyag aur saankhyasiddhant ka varnan
| bhaktisahit nishkam karmayog ka varnan
| phal sahit varn-dharm ka varnan
| upasana sahit jnananishtha ka varnan
| bhaktipradhan karmayog ki mahima ka varnan
| gita ke mahatmy ka varnan
bhishmavadh parv
yudhishthir ka bhishm, dron adi se anumati lekar yuddh hetu taiyar hona
| kaurav-paandavoan ke pratham din ke yuddh ka prarambh
| ubhay paksh ke sainikoan ka dvandv yuddh
| kaurav-paandav sena ka ghamasan yuddh
| bhishm ke sath abhimanyu ka bhayankar yuddh
| shaly dvara uttarakumar ka vadh aur shvet ka parakram
| virat ke putr shvet ka mahaparakram
| bhishm dvara shvet ka vadh
| bhishm ka prachand parakram tatha pratham din ke yuddh ki samapti
| yudhishthir ki chianta aur shrikrishn dvara unako ashvasan
| dhrishtadyumn ka utsah aur krauancharun vyooh ki rachana
| kaurav sena ki vyooh rachana
| kaurav-paandav sena mean shankhadhvani aur sianhanad
| bhishm aur arjun ka yuddh
| dhrishtadyumn aur dronachary ka yuddh
| bhimasen ka kaliangoan aur nishadoan se yuddh
| bhimasen dvara shakradev aur bhanuman ka vadh
| bhimasen dvara kee gajarajoan aur ketuman ka vadh
| bhimasen dvara kaurav sena ke asankhy sainikoan ka vadh
| abhimanyu aur arjun ka parakram tatha doosare din ke yuddh ki samapti
| kaurav-paandavoan ki vyooh rachana
| ubhay paksh ki senaoan ka ghamasan yuddh
| paandav viroan ka parakram aur kaurav sena mean bhagad d
| duryodhan aur bhishm ka sanvad
| bhishm ka parakram
| krishn ka bhishm ko marane ke lie udyat hona
| arjun dvara kaurav sena ki parajay aur tisare din ke yuddh ki samapti
| kaurav-paandav senaoan ka vyooh nirman
| bhishm aur arjun ka dvairath yuddh
| abhimanyu ka parakram
| dhrishtadyumn dvara shal ke putr ka vadh
| dhrishtadyumn aur shaly adi donoan paksh ke viroan ka yuddh
| bhimasen dvara gajasena ka sanhar
| bhimasen ka parakram
| satyaki aur bhoorishrava ki muthabhe d
| bhimasen aur ghatotkach ka parakram
| kauravoan ki parajay tatha chauthe din ke yuddh ki samapti
| dhritarashtr-sanjay prasang mean duryodhan ka bhishm se paandavoan ki vijay ka karan poochhana
| bhishm ka brahma dvara ki huee bhagavat-stuti ka kathan
| narayanavatar shrikrishn evan naravatar arjun ki mahima ka pratipadan
| bhagavan shrikrishn ki mahima
| brahmabhootastotr tatha shrikrishn aur arjun ki mahatta
| kauravoan dvara makaravyooh tatha paandavoan dvara shyenavyooh ka nirman
| bhishm aur bhimasen ka ghamasan yuddh
| bhishm, arjun adi yoddhaoan ka ghamasan yuddh
| kaurav-paandav senaoan ka paraspar ghor yuddh
| kaurav-paandav yoddhaoan ka dvandv yuddh
| bhoorishrava dvara satyaki ke das putroan ka vadh
| arjun ka parakram tatha paanchavean din ke yuddh ki samapti
| paandavoan dvara makaravyooh tatha kauravoan dvara krauanchavyooh ka nirman
| dhritarashtr ki chinta
| bhimasen, dhrishtadyumn tatha dronachary ka parakram
| ubhay paksh ki senaoan ka sankul yuddh
| bhimasen ke dvara duryodhan ki parajay
| abhimanyu adi ka dhritarashtraputroan ke sath yuddh tatha chhathe din ke yuddh ki samapti
| bhishm dvara duryodhan ko ashvasan
| kaurav-paandav senaoan ka mandal aur vajravyooh banakar bhishan sangharsh
| shrikrishn aur arjun se darakar kaurav sena mean bhagad d
| dronachary aur virat ka yuddh tatha virataputr shankh ka vadh
| shikhandi aur ashvatthama ka yuddh
| satyaki dvara alambush ki parajay
| dhrishtadyumn aur duryodhan tatha bhimasen aur kritavarma ka yuddh
| iravan dvara vind-anuvind ki parajay
| bhagadatt dvara ghatotkach ki parajay
| madraraj par nakul aur sahadev ki vijay
| yudhishthir dvara raja shrutayu ki parajay
| mahabharat yuddh mean chekitan aur kripachary ka moorchhit hona
| bhoorishrava se dhrishtaketu tatha abhimanyu se chitrasen adi ki parajay
| susharma adi se arjun ka yuddharambh
| arjun ka parakram aur paandavoan ka bhishm par akraman
| yudhishthir ka shikhandi ko upalambh
| bhimasen ka purusharth
| bhishm aur yudhishthir ka yuddh
| dhrishtadyumn ke sath vind-anuvind ka sangram
| dron adi ka parakram aur satavean din ke yuddh ki samapti
| vyoohabaddh kaurav-paandav senaoan ki ranayatra
| vyoohabaddh kaurav-paandav senaoan ka ghamasan yuddh
| bhishm ka ranabhoomi mean parakram
| bhimasen dvara dhritarashtr ke ath putroan ka vadh
| duryodhan aur bhishm ka yuddh vishayak vartalap
| kaurav-paandav sena ka ghamasan yuddh aur bhayanak janasanhar
| iravan dvara shakuni ke bhaiyoan ka vadh
| alambush dvara iravan ka vadh
| ghatotkach aur duryodhan ka bhayanak yuddh
| ghatotkach ka duryodhan evan dron adi viroan ke sath yuddh
| ghatotkach ki raksha ke lie bhimasen ka agaman
| bhim adi shooraviroan ke sath kauravoan ka yuddh
| duryodhan aur bhimasen tatha ashvatthama aur raja nil ka yuddh
| ghatotkach ki maya se kaurav sena ka palayan
| bhishm ki ajna se bhagadatt ka ghatotkach se yuddh hetu prasthan
| bhagadatt ka ghatotkach, bhimasen aur paandav sena ke sath yuddh
| iravan ke vadh se arjun ka du:khapoorn udgar
| bhimasen dvara dhritarashtr ke nau putroan ka vadh
| abhimanyu aur ambashth ka yuddh
| yuddh ki bhayanak sthiti ka varnan aur athavean din ke yuddh ki samapti
| duryodhan ki shakuni tatha karn adi ke sath paandavoan par vijay hetu mantrana
| duryodhan ka bhishm se paandavoan ka vadh athava karn ko yuddh hetu ajna dene ka anurodh
| bhishm ka duryodhan ko arjun ka parakram batana aur bhayankar yuddh ki pratijna
| duryodhan dvara bhishm ki raksha ki vyavastha
| ubhayapaksh ki senaoan ki vyooh rachana tatha ghamasan yuddh
| vinashasoochak utpatoan ka varnan
| abhimanyu ke parakram se kaurav sena ka yuddhabhoomi se palayan
| abhimanyu tatha draupadi ke putroan ka alambush se ghor yuddh
| abhimanyu dvara alambush ki parajay
| arjun ke sath bhishm ka yuddh
| kripachary, dronachary tatha ashvatthama ke sath satyaki ka yuddh
| dronachary aur susharma ke sath arjun ka yuddh
| bhimasen dvara ranabhoomi mean gajasena ka sanhar
| kaurav-paandav ubhay paksh ki senaoan ka ghamasan yuddh
| raktamayi rananadi ka varnan
| arjun dvara trigartoan ki parajay
| abhimanyu se chitrasen ki parajay
| satyaki aur bhishm ka yuddh
| duryodhan dvara du:shasan ko bhishm ki raksha ka adesh
| shakuni ki ghu dasavar sena ki parajay
| yudhishthir aur nakul-sahadev ke sath shaly ka yuddh
| bhishm dvara parajit paandav sena ka palayan
| bhishm ko marane ke lie krishn ka udyat hona
| arjun dvara udyat hue krishn ko rokana
| navean din ke yuddh ki samapti
| krishn v paandavoan ki gupt mantrana
| krishnasahit paandavoan ka bhishm se unake vadh ka upay poochhana
| ubhayapaksh ki sena ka ran prasthan v dasavean din ke yuddh ka prarambh
| shikhandi ko age kar paandavoan ka bhishm par akraman
| shikhandi evan bhishm ka yuddh
| bhishm-duryodhan sanvad
| bhishm dvara lakhoan paandav sainikoan ka sanhar
| arjun ke protsahan se shikhandi ka bhishm par akraman
| du:shasan ka arjun ke sath ghor yuddh
| kaurav-paandav paksh ke pramukh maharathiyoan ke dvandvayuddh ka varnan
| dronachary ka ashvatthama ko ashubh shakunoan ki soochana dena
| dronachary ka ashvatthama ko dhrishtadyumn se yuddh karane ka adesh
| kaurav paksh ke das maharathiyoan ke sath bhim ka ghor yuddh
| kaurav maharathiyoan ke sath bhim aur arjun ka adbhut purusharth
| bhishm ke adesh se yudhishthir ka un par akraman
| kaurav-paandav sainikoan ka bhishan yuddh
| kaurav-paandav maharathiyoan ke dvandvayuddh ka varnan
| bhishm ka adbhut parakram
| ubhay paksh ki senaoan ka yuddh tatha du:shasan ka parakram
| arjun ke dvara bhishm ka moorchchhit hona
| bhishm dvara paandav sena ka bhishan sanhar
| arjun ka bhishm ko rath se girana
| sharashayya par sthit bhishm ke pas rrishiyoan ka agaman
| bhishm dvara uttarayan ki pratiksha kar pran dharan karana
| bhishm ki mahatta
| arjun dvara bhishm ko takiya dena
| ubhay paksh ki senaoan ka apane shibir mean jana evan krishn-yudhishthir sanvad
| arjun dvara bhishm ki pyas bujhana
| arjun ki prasansha kar bhishm ka duryodhan ko sandhi ke lie samajhana
| bhishm aur karn ka rahasyamay sanvad
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj