gita rahasy athava karmayog shastr -bal gangadhar tilak
|
tisara prakaran
is prakar sab karmoan ke do varg ho gaye:- ek ‘yajnarth’[1] karm,arthat jo svatantr riti se phal nahian dete,atev abandhak hai; aur doosare ‘purasharth’ karm,arthat jo purush ko labhakari hone ke karan bandhak haian. sanhita aur brahman grantho mean yajn-yag adi ka hi varnan hai. yadyapi rrigved sanhita mean indr adi devataoan ke stuti-sanbandhi sookt haian,tathapi mimaansakagan kahate haian ki sab shruti granth yajn adi karmoan ke hi pratipadak haian kyoanki unaka viniyog yajn ke samay mean hi kiya gaya hai. in karmath,yajnik ya keval karm vadiyoan ka kahana hai ki vedokt yajn-yag adi karm karane se hi svarg prapti hoti hai. nahian to nahian hotian; chahe ye yajn-yag adi karm ajnanata se kiye jayan ya brahmajnan se. isaliye nishhchay kiya gaya hai ki yajn-yag se ya brahmajnan se. yadyapi upanishadoan mean ye yajn grahay mane gaye haian, tathapi inaki yogyata brahmajnan se kam parantu inake dvara moksh nahian mil sakata; moksh prapti ke liye brahmajnan hi ki nitaant avashhyakatahai. bhagavadgita ke doosare adhyay mean jin yajn-yag adi kamy karmoan ka varnan kiya gaya hai- “vedavadarataah parth nandastiti vadinah’’[2]- ve brahmajnan ke bina kiye jane vale uparyukt yajn-yag adi karm hi haian. isi tarah yah bhi mimaansakoan hi ka mat ka anukaran hai ki “yajnarthatkarmanoanyatr lokoayan karm bandhanah’’ [3]arthat yajnarth kiye gaye karm bandhak nahian haian; shesh sab karm bandhak hai. in yajn-yag adi vaidik karmoan ke atirikt,arthat shraut karmoan ke atirikt aur bhi chaturvanary ke bhedanusar doosare avashhyak karm munasmriti adi dharm granthoan mean varnit hai; jaise kshatriy ke liye yuddh aur vaishy ke liye vanijy.pahale pahale in varnashram-karmoan ka pratipadan smriti-granthoan me kiya gaya tha. isaliye inhean ‘smartt karm’ ya ‘smartt yajn’ bhi kahate haian. in shraut smartt karmoan ke siva aur bhi dharmik karm haian jaise vrat,upavas adi. inaka vistrit pratipadan pahale sirph puranoan mean kiya gaya hai isaliye inhean ‘pauranik-karm’ kah sakeange. in sab karmoan ke aur bhi tin- nity,naimittik aur kamy-bhed kiye gaye haian. snan,sandhya adi jo hamean kiye jane vale karm haian unhean nity karm kahate haian. inake karane se kuchh vishesh phal athava arth ki siddhi nahian hoti,parantu n karane se dosh avashhy lagata hai. naimittik karm unhean kahate hai jinhean,pahale kisi karan ke upasthit ho jane se,karana p data hai; jaise anisht grahoan ki shaanti, prayashchit adi. jisake liye ham shaanti aur prayashchit karate haian vah nimitt karan yadi pahale n ho gaya ho to hamean naimittik karm karane ki koee avashhyakata nahian. jab ham kuchh vishesh ichchha rakhakar usaki saphalata ke liye shastranusar koee karm karate haian tab use kamy-dharm kahate hai; jaise varsha hone ke liye ya putr prapti ke liye yajn karana. nity,naimittik aur kamy karmoan ke siva aur bhi karm haian,jaise madirapan ityadi,jinhean shastroan ne tyajy kaha hai; isaliye ye nishiddh karm kaun kaun haian? ye sab batean dharm shastroan mean nishchitakar di gee haian. yadi koee kisi dharmashastri se poochhean ki amuk karm punyaprad hai ya pap karak, to vah sabase pahale is bat ka vichar karega ki shastroan ki ajna ke anusar vah karm yajnarthan hai ya purusharth,nity hai ya naimittik athava kamy hai ya nishiddh aur in batoan par vichar karake phir vah apana nirnay karega. parantu bhagavadgita ki drishti isase bhi vyapak aur vistirn hai. man lijiye ki amuk ek karm shastroan mean nishiddh nahian mana gaya hai,athava vah vihit karm hi tha; to itane hi se us karm ka karana hamesha shreyaskar hi hoga. |
|
tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh
| prakaran | nam | prishth sankhya |
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj