gita rahasy athava karmayog shastr -bal gangadhar tilak
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tisara prakaran
use yahi dekhana tha ki maian jo kar raha hooan vah ‘dharm’ hai ya ‘adharm’ athava ‘punhy’ hai ya ‘pap’; aur gita ka vivechan bhi isi drishti se kiya gaya hai. keval gita mean hi nahian; kiantu kee sthanoan par mahabharat mean bhi karm-akarm ka jo vivechan hai vah paralaukik arthat adhyatm drishti se hi kiya gaya hai; aur vahaan kisi bhi karm ka achchhapan ya burapan dikhalane ke liye prayah sarvatr ‘dharm’ aur ‘adharm’ do hi shabdoan ka upayog kiya gaya hai. parantu ‘dharm’ aur usaka pratiyogi ‘adharm’ ye donoan shabd apane vyapak arth ke karan, kabhi kabhi bhram utpann kar diya karate haian; isaliye yahaan par is bat ki kuchh adhik mimaansa karana avashyak hai ki karm yogashastr mean in shabdoan ka upayog mukhyatah kis arth mean kiya jata hai. nity vyavahar mean ‘dharm’ shabd ka upayog keval “paralaukik sukh ka marg’’ isi arth mean kiya jata hai. jab ham kisi se prashn karate haian ki “tera kaun sa dharm hai’’ tab usase hamare poochhane ka yahi hetu hota hai ki too apane paralaukik kalyan ke liye kis marg-vaidik, bauddh, jain, eesaee, muhammadi, ya parasi se chalata hai; aur vah hamare prashn ke anusar hi uthtar deta hai. isi tarah svarg-prapti ke liye sadhan bhoot yajn-yag adi vaidik vishayoan ki mimaansa karate samay athato dharm jijnasa’’ adi dharmasootroan mean bhi dharm shabd ka yahi arth liya gaya hai. parantu ‘dharm’ shabd ka itana hi sankuchit arth nahian hai. isake siva rajadharm, prajadharm, deshadharm, jatidharm, kuladharm, mitradharm ityadi saansarik niti bandhanoan ko bhi ‘dharm’ kahate haian. dharm shabd ke in do arthoan ko yadi prithak prithak karake dikhalana ho to paralaukik dharm ko ‘moksh dharm’ athava sirph ‘moksh’ aur vyavaharik dharm athava keval niti ko keval ‘dharm’ kaha karate haian. udaharanarth, chaturvidh purusharth ki ganana karate samay ham log dharm, arth kam moksh’ kaha karate haian. isake pahale shabd dharm mean hi yadi moksh ka samavesh ho jata to aant mean moksh ko prithak purusharth batane ki avashyakata n rahati; arthat yah kahana p data hai ki ‘dharm’ pad se is sthan par sansar ke saikadoan nitidharm hi shastrakaroan ko abhiprat haian. inhian ko ham log aj kal kartavyakarm, niti, nitidharm athava sadacharan kahate haian. parantu prachin sanskrit granthoan mean ‘niti’ athava ‘nitishastr’ shabdoan ka upayog vishesh karake rajaniti hi ke liye kiya jata hai, isaliye purane jamane mean kartavyakarm athava sadachar ke samany vivechan ko ‘nitipravachan’ n kahakar ‘dharmapravachan’ kaha karate the. parantu ‘niti’ aur ‘dharm’ do shabdoan ka yah paribhashik bhed sabhi sanskrit-granthoan mean nahian mana gaya hai. isaliye hamane bhi is granth mean ‘niti’ ‘karttavy’ aur ‘dharm’ shabdoan ka upayog ek hi arth mean kiya hai; aur moksh ka vichar jis sthan par karana hai us prakaran ke ‘adhyatm’ aur ‘bhakti marg’ ye svatantr nam rakhe haian. mahabharat mean dharm shabd anek sthanoan par aya hai; aur jis sthan mean kaha gaya hai ki “kisi ko koee kam karana dharmasangat hai’’ us sthan mean dharm shabd se kartavyashastr athava tatkalin samaj-vyavasthashastr hi ka arth paya jata hai; tatha jis sthan mean paralaukik kalyan ke marg batalane ka prasang aya hai us sthan par, arthat shaanti parv ke utarardh mean ‘moksh dharm’ is vishisht shabd ki yojana ki gee hai. |
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh
| prakaran | nam | prishth sankhya |
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj