gita rahasy athava karmayog shastr -bal gangadhar tilak
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shrimadbhagavadgita : ashtadash adhyay
[atharahavaan adhyay poore gitashastr ka upasanhar hai. atah yahaan tak jo vivechan hua hai usaka ham is sthan mean sankshep se sianhavalokan karate haian (adhik vistar gitarahasy ke 14 ve prakaran mean dekhiye). pahale-adhyay se spasht hota hai ki svadharm ke anusar prapt huee yuddh ko chho d bhikh maangane par utaroo hone vale arjun ko apane karttavy mean pravrit karane ke liye gita ka upadesh kiya gaya hai. arjun ko shanka thi ki guruhatya adi santosh karm karane se atmakalyan kabhi n hoga. atev atmajnani purushoan ke svikrit kiye hue, ayu bitane ke do prakar ke margoan ka-saankhy (sannyas) marg ka aur karmayog (yog) marg ka-varnan doosare adhyay ke arambh mean hi kiya gaya hai. aur ant mean yah siddhaant kiya gaya hai ki yadyapi ye donoan hi marg moksh dete haian tathapi inamean se karmayog hi adhik shreyaskar hai[1]. phir tisare adhyay se le kar paanchave adhyay tak in yuktiyoan ka varnan hai ki, karmayog mean buddhi shreshth samajhi jati hai; buddhi ke sthir aur sam hone se karm ki badha nahian hoti; karm kisi ke bhi nahian chhootate tatha unhean chho d dena bhi kisi bhi uchit nahian, keval phalasha ko tyag dena hi kaphi hai; apane liye n sahi to bhi lokasangrah ke hetoo karm karana avashyak hai; buddhi achchhi ho to jnan aur karm ke bich virodh nahian hota; tatha poorvaparampara dekhi jay to jnat hoga ki janak adi ne isi marg ka acharan kiya hai. anantar is bat ka vivechan kiya hai ki karmayog ki siddhi ke liye buddhi ki jis samata ki avashyakata hoti hai, use kaise prapt karana chahiye aur is karmayog ka acharan karate hue ant mean usi ke dvara moksh kaise prapt hota hai. buddhi ki is samata ko prapt karane ke liye indriyoan ka nigrah karake poornataya yah jan lena avashyak hai ki ek hi parameshvar sab praniyoan mean bhar hua hai- isake atirikt aur doosara marg nahian hai. atah indriy-nigrah ka vivechan chhathavean adhyay mean kiya gaya hai. phir satavean adhyay se satrahavean adhyay tak bataya gaya hai ki karmayog ka acharan karate hue hi parameshvar ka jnan kaise prapt hota hai, aur vah jnan kya hai. satavean aur athavean adhyay mean kshar-akshar athava vyakt-avyakt ke jnan-vijnan ka vivaran kiya gaya hai. navan adhyay se baharavean adhyay tak is abhipray ka varnan kiya gaya hai ki yadyapi parameshvar ke vyakt svaroop ki apeksha avyakt svaroop shreshth hai, to bhi is buddhi ko n digane de ki parameshvar ek hi hai; aur vyakt svaroop ki hi upasana pratyaksh jnan dene vali atev sab ke liye sulabh hai. anantar terahavean adhyay mean kshetr-kshetrajn ka vichar kiya gaya hai ki kshar-aksharoan ke vivek mean jise avyakt kahate haian vahi manushy ke sharir mean antaratma hai. isake pashchath chaudahavean adhyay se lekar satrahavean adhyay tak, char adhyayoan mean, kshar-akshar-vijnan ke antargat se lek is vishay ka vistar sahit vichar kiya gaya hai ki ek hi avyakt se prakriti ke gunoan ke karan jagat mean vividh svabhavoan ke manushy kaise upajate haian athava aur anek prakar ka vistar kaise hota hai evan jnan-vijnan ka niroopan samapt kiya gaya hai. tathapi sthan-sthan par arjun ko yahi upadesh hai ki tum karmakar; aur yahi karmayog-pradhan ayu bitane ka marg sab mean uttam mana gaya hai ki too karm kar; aur yahi karmayog-pradhan jisamean shuddh antahkaran se parameshvar ki bhakti karake ‘parameshvararpanapoorvak svadharm ke anusar keval karttavy samajh kar maran paryant karm karate rahane’ ka upadesh hai. is prakar jnanamoolak aur bhaktipradhan karmayog ka saangapanga vivechan kar chukane par atharahavean adhyay mean usi dharm ka upasanhar karake arjun ko svechchha se yuddh karane ke liye pravrit kiya hai. gita ke is marg mean-ki jo gita mean sarvottam kaha gaya hai-arjun se yah nahian kaha gaya hai ki ‘too chaturth ashram ko svikar karake sannyasi ho jo.’ haan, yah avashy kaha gaya haian ki is marg se acharan karane vala manushy ‘nity-sannyasi’ hai[2]. atev ab arjun ka prashn hai ki chaturth ashram roopi sannyas le kar kisi samay sab karmoan ko sachamuch tyag dene ka tattv is[3] karmayog-marg mean hai ya nahian; aur nahian hai to, ‘sannyas’ evan ‘tyag’ shabdoan ka arth kya hai? dekho gitarahasy pri. 346-349.] |
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh
| prakaran | nam | prishth sankhya |
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj