gita rahasy athava karmayog shastr -bal gangadhar tilak
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chautha prakaran
hyoom[1] ne spasht likha hai- jabaki manushy ka karm (kam ya kary) hi usake shil ka dyotak hai aur isi liye jab logoan mean vahi nitimathta ka darshak bhi mana jata hai, tab keval bahy parinamoan hi se us karm ko prashansaniy ya garhaniy man lena asambhav hai. yah bat mil sahab ko bhi many hai ki “kisi karm ki nitimatta karta ke hetu par, arthat vah use jis buddhi ya bhav se karata hai us par, poornataya avalambit rahati hai.’’ parantu apane paksh ke mandan ke liye mil sahab ne yah yukti bhi daee hai ki “jab tak bahy karmoan mean koee bhed nahian hota tab tak karm ki nitimatta mean kuchh bhi phark nahian ho sakata, chahe karta ke man mean us kam ko karane ki vasana kisi bhi bhav se huee ho’’[2]mil ki is yukti mean sampradayik agrah dekh p data hai; kyoanki buddhi ya bhav me bhinnata hone ke karan, yadyapi do karm dikhane mean ek hi se hoan to bhi, ve tattvatah ek hi yogyata ke kabhi ho nahian sakate . aur, isiliye, mil sahab ki kahi huee “tab tak (bahy) karmo mean bhed nahian hota, ityadi’’ maryada ko grin sahab[3] nirmool batalate haian. gita ka bhi yahi abhipray hai. manushy barabar barabar dhan pradan karean to bhi- arthat donoan ke bahy karm ek saman hone par bhi- donoan ki buddhi ya bhav ki bhinnata vishay par adhik vichar, poorvi aur pashchimi matoan ki tulana karate samay kareange. abhi keval itana hi dekhana hai ki karm ke keval bahari parinam par hi ab-lanbit rahane ke karan, adhibhautik sukh-vad ki shreshth shreni bhi, niti-nirnay ke kam mean kaisi apoorn siddh ho jati hai; aur, ise siddh karane ke liye, hamari samajh mean, mil sahab ki ukt yukti hi kaphi hai.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ “For as actions are objects of our moral sentiment, so far only as they are indications of the internal character, passions and affections, it is impossible that they can give rise either to praise or blame, where they proceed not from these principles, but are derived altogether from external objects.”Hume’s Inquiry concerning Human Understanding, Section 8. Part II. ( P. 368 of Hume’s Essays, The World Library Edition).
- ↑ “Morality of the action depends entirely upon the intention, that is, upon what the agent wills to do. But the motive, that is, the feeling which makes him will so to do, when it makes no differences in the act, makes none in the morality.” Mill’s Utilitarianism, p. 27.
- ↑ Green’s Prolegomena to Ethics, ₰292 note. P. 348.5th Cheaper Edition.
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