सत्त्व, रज और तम गुणों का वर्णन

mahabharat bhishm parv mean shrimadbhagavadgita parv ke aantargat 38vean adhyay mean 'sattv, raj aur tam gunoan ka varnan' hua hai, jo is prakar hai-

sambandh-poorvashlok mean jivoan ke nana prakar ki yoniyoan mean janm lene ki bat kahi gayi, kiantu vahaan gunoan ki koee bat nahian ayi. isaliye ab ve gun kya hai. unaka sang kya hai kis gun ke sang se achchhi yoni mean aur kis gun ke sang se buri yoni mean janm hota hai- in sab batoan ko spasht karane ke liye is prakaran ka arambh karate hue bhagavan ab arjun se pahale un tinoan gunoan ki prakriti se utpatti aur unake vibhinn nam batalakar phir unake svaroop aur unake dvara jivatma ke bandhan-prakar ka kramashah prithak prithak varnan karate haian.

sattvagun, rajogun aur tamogun ki utpatti ka varnan

krishn kahate haian- he arjun! sattvagun, rajogun aur tamogun- ye prakriti se utpann tinoan gun avinashi jivatma ko sharir mean baandhate haian. he nishpap! un tinoan gunoan me sattvagun to nirmal hone ke karan prakash karane vala aur vikar rahit hai, vah sukh ke sambandh se aur jnan ke sambandh se arthat unake abhiman se baandhata hai. he arjun! ragaroop rajogun ko kamana aur asakti se utpann jan. vah is jivatma ko karmoan ke aur unake phal ke sambandh se baandhata hai. he arjun! sab dehabhimaniyoan ko mohit karane vale tamogun ko to ajnan se utpann jan. vah is jivatmoan ko pramad, alasy aur nidra ke dvara baandhata hai. sambandh- is prakar sattv, raj aur tam-in tinoan gunoan ka svaroop aur unake dvara jivatma ke baandhe jane ka prakar batalakar ab un tinoan gunoan ka svabhavit vyapar batalate haian. he arjun! sattvagun sukh mean lagata hai aur rajogun karm mean tatha tamogun to jnan ko dhakakar pramad mean bhi lagata hai. sambandh-sattv adi tinoan gun jis samay apane-apane kary mean jivoan ko niyukt karate haian, us samay ve aisa karane mean kis prakar samarth hote haian- yah bat agale shlok mean batalate haian. he arjun! rajogun aur tamogun ko dabakar sattvagun, sattvagun aur tamogun ko dabakar rajogun, vaise hi sattvagun aur rajogun ko dabakar tamogun hota hai. arthat badhata hai.

sattvagun, rajogun aur tamogun ke lakshan, evan vriddhi ka varnan

sambandh- is prakar any do gunoan ko dabakar pratyek gunoan ke badhane ki bat kahi gayi. ab pratyek gun ki vriddhi ke lakshan janane ki ichchha hone par kramashah sattvagun, rajogun, aur tamogun, vaddhi ke lakshan batalaye jate haian- jis samay is deh mean tatha antahkaran aur indriyoan mean chetana aur vivek shakti utpann hoti haian, us samay aisa janana chahiye ki sattvagun badha hai. he arjun! rajogun ke badhane par lobh, pravriti, svarth-buddhi se karmoan ka sakamabhav se arambh, ashaanti aur vishay bhogoan ki lalasa- ye sab utpann hote haian. he arjun! tamogun ke badhane par antahkaran aur indriyoan mean aprakash, kartavy-karmoan mean apravriti aur pramad arthat vyarth cheshta aur nidradi antahkaran ki mohini vrittiyaan- ye sab hi utpann hote haian.- sambandh- is prakar tinoan gunoan ki vriddhi ke bhinn-bhinn lakshan batalakar ab do shlokoan mean un gunoan mean se kis gun ki vriddhi ke samay marakar manushy kis gati ko prapt hota hai, yah batalaya jata hai- jab yah manushy sattvagun ki vriddhi mean mrityu ko prapt hota hai. tab to uttam karm karane valoan ke nirmal divy svarg adi lokoan ko prapt hota hai. rajogun ke badhane par mrityu ko prapt hokar karmoan ki asakti vale manushyoan mean utpann hota hai tatha tamogun ke badhane par mara hua manushy kit, pashu adi moodhayoniyoan mean utpann hota hai. sambandh- sattv, raj aur tam-in tinoan gunoan ki vriddhi mean marane ke bhinn-bhinn phal bataye gaye haian ki kis prakar kabhi kisi gun ki aur kabhi kisi gun ki vriddhi kh‍yoan hoti haian is par krishn kahate haian- shresht karm ka to sattvik arthat sukh, jnan aur vairagyadi nirmal phal kaha hai. rajas karm ka phal duahkh evan tamas karm ka phal ajnan kaha hai.

sambandh- gyarahavean, barahavean aur terahavean shlokoan mean sattv, raj aur tamogun ki vriddhi ke lakshan ka kram se varnan kiya gaya is par yah janane ki achchha hoti hai ki ‘jnan’ adi ki utpatti ko sattv adi gunoan ki vriddhi ke lakshan kyoan mana gaya. atev kary ki utpatti se karan ki satta ko jan lene ke liye jnan adi ki utpatti mean sattv adi gunoan ko karan batalate hai. sattvagun jnan utpann hota hai aur rajogun se nisandeh lobhtatha tamogun se pramad aur moh utpann hote haian, aur ajnan bhi hota hai. sattvagun sthit purush svargadi uchch lokoan ko jate haian, rajogun mean sthit rajas purush madhy mean arthat manushyalok mean hi rahate haian aur tamogun ke karyaroop nidra, pramad aur alasyadi mean sthit tamas purush adhogati ko arthat kit, pashu adi nich yoniyoan ka tatha narakoan ko prapt hote haian.

sambandh- gita ke terahavean adhyay ke ikkisavean shlok me jo yah bat kahi thi ki gunoan ka sang hi is manushy ke achchhi-buri yoniyoan ki praptiroop punarjanm ka karan hai usi ke anusar yah adhyay mean paanchavean se atharahavean shlok tak gunoan ke svaroop tatha gunoan ke kary dvara manushy badhean hue manushy ki gati adi ka vistarapoorvak prativadan kiya gaya. is varnan se yah bat samajhayi gayi. ki manushy ko pahale tam aur rajogun tyag karake sattvagun mean apani sthiti karani chahiye aur usake bad sattvagun ka bhi tyag karake gunatit ho jana chahiye. atev gunatit hone ke upay aur gunatit avastha ka phal agale do shlokoan dvara batalaya jata hai- jis samay drishta tinoan gunoan ke atirikt any kisi ko karta nahian dekhata aur tinoan gunoan se atyant pare sachchidanandanaroop mujh paramatma tattv se janata hai, us samay vah mere svaroop ko prapt hota hai. yah purush sharir ki utpatti ke karan roop in tinoan gunoan ko ullanghan karake janm, mrityu, vriddhavastha aur sab prakar ke duahkhoan se mukt hua paramanand ko prapt hota hai.

sambandhit lekh

mahabharat bhishm parv mean ullekhit kathaean

---

jambookhandavinirman parv
kurukshetr mean ubhay paksh ke sainikoan ki sthiti | kaurav-paandav dvara yuddh ke niyamoan ka nirman | vedavyas dvara sanjay ko divy drishti ka dan | vedavyas dvara bhayasoochak utpatoan ka varnan | vedavyas dvara amangalasoochak utpatoan ka varnan | vedavyas dvara vijayasoochak lakshanoan ka varnan | sanjay dvara dhritarashtr se bhoomi ke mahattv ka varnan | panchamahabhootoan dvara sudarshan dvip ka sankshipt varnan | sudarshan dvip ke varsh tatha shashakriti adi ka varnan | uttar kuru, bhadrashvavarsh tatha malyavan ka varnan | ramanak, hiranyak, shriangavan parvat tatha airavatavarsh ka varnan | bharatavarsh ki nadiyoan tatha deshoan ka varnan | bharatavarsh ke janapadoan ke nam tatha bhoomi ka mahattv | yugoan ke anusar manushyoan ki ayu tatha gunoan ka niroopan
bhoomi parv
sanjay dvara shakadvip ka varnan | kush, krauanch tatha pushkar adi dvipoan ka varnan | rahoo, soory evan chandrama ke praman ka varnan
shrimadbhagavadgita parv
sanjay ka dhritarashtr ko bhishm ki mrityu ka samachar sunana | bhishm ke mare jane par dhritarashtr ka vilap | dhritarashtr ka sanjay se bhishmavadh ghatanakram janane hetu prashn karana | sanjay dvara yuddh ke vrittant ka varnan arambh karana | duryodhan ki sena ka varnan | kauravoan ke vyooh, vahan aur dhvaj adi ka varnan | kaurav sena ka kolahal tatha bhishm ke rakshakoan ka varnan | arjun dvara vajravyooh ki rachana | bhimasen ki adhyakshata mean paandav sena ka age badhana | kaurav-paandav senaoan ki sthiti | yudhishthir ka vishad aur arjun ka unhean ashvasan | yudhishthir ki ranayatra | arjun dvara devi durga ki stuti | arjun ko devi durga se var ki prapti | sainikoan ke harsh tatha utsah vishayak dhritarashtr aur sanjay ka sanvad | kaurav-paandav sena ke pradhan viroan tatha shankhadhvani ka varnan | svajanavadh ke pap se bhayabhit arjun ka vishad | krishn dvara arjun ka utsahavardhan evan saankhyayog ki mahima ka pratipadan | krishn dvara karmayog evan sthitaprajn ki sthiti aur mahima ka pratipadan | kartavyakarm ki avashyakata ka pratipadan evan svadharmapalan ki mahima ka varnan | kamanirodh ke upay ka varnan | nishkam karmayog tatha yogi mahatma purushoan ke acharan evan mahima ka varnan | vividh yajnoan tatha jnan ki mahima ka varnan | saankhyayog, nishkam karmayog, jnanayog evan dhyanayog ka varnan | nishkam karmayog ka pratipadan aur atmoddhar ke lie prerana | dhyanayog evan yogabhrasht ki gati ka varnan | jnan-vijnan evan bhagavan ki vyapakata ka varnan | krishn ka arjun se bhagavan ko janane aur n janane valoan ki mahima ka varnan | brahm, adhyatm tatha karmadi vishayak arjun ke sat prashn aur unaka uttar | krishn dvara bhaktiyog tatha shukl aur krishn margoan ka pratipadan | jnan vijnan sahit jagat ki utpatti ka varnan | prabhavasahit bhagavan ke svaroop ka varnan | asuri aur daivi sampada valoan ka varnan | sakam aur nishkam upasana ka varnan | bhagavadbhakti ki mahima ka varnan | krishn dvara arjun se sharanagati bhakti ke mahattv ka varnan | krishn dvara apani vibhooti aur yogashakti ka varnan | krishn dvara prabhavasahit bhaktiyog ka kathan | krishn dvara apani vibhootiyoan aur yogashakti ka pun: varnan | arjun dvara krishn se vishvaroop ka darshan karane ki prarthana | krishn aur sanjay dvara vishvaroop ka varnan | arjun dvara krishn ke vishvaroop ka dekha jana | arjun dvara krishn ki stuti aur prarthana | krishn ke vishvaroop aur chaturbhujaroop ke darshan ki mahima ka kathan | sakar aur nirakar upasakoan ki uttamata ka nirnay | bhagavatprapti vale purushoan ke lakshanoan ka varnan | jnan sahit kshetr-kshetrajn ka varnan | prakriti aur purush ka varnan | jnan ki mahima aur prakriti-purush se jagat ki utpatti ka varnan | sattv, raj aur tam gunoan ka varnan | bhagavatprapti ke upay tatha gunatit purushoan ke lakshanoan ka varnan | sansaravriksh aur bhagavatprapti ke upay ka varnan | prabhav sahit parameshvar ke svaroop aur purushottam ke tattv ka varnan | daivi aur asuri sampada ka phalasahit varnan | shastr ke anukool acharan karane ke lie prerana | shraddha aur shastr viparit ghor tap karane valoan ka varnan | ahar, yajn, tap aur dan ke bhed ki vyakhya | om, tath‌ aur sath‌ ke prayog ki vyakhya | tyag aur saankhyasiddhant ka varnan | bhaktisahit nishkam karmayog ka varnan | phal sahit varn-dharm ka varnan | upasana sahit jnananishtha ka varnan | bhaktipradhan karmayog ki mahima ka varnan | gita ke mahatmy ka varnan
bhishmavadh parv
yudhishthir ka bhishm, dron adi se anumati lekar yuddh hetu taiyar hona | kaurav-paandavoan ke pratham din ke yuddh ka prarambh | ubhay paksh ke sainikoan ka dvandv yuddh | kaurav-paandav sena ka ghamasan yuddh | bhishm ke sath abhimanyu ka bhayankar yuddh | shaly dvara uttarakumar ka vadh aur shvet ka parakram | virat ke putr shvet ka mahaparakram | bhishm dvara shvet ka vadh | bhishm ka prachand parakram tatha pratham din ke yuddh ki samapti | yudhishthir ki chianta aur shrikrishn dvara unako ashvasan | dhrishtadyumn ka utsah aur krauancharun vyooh ki rachana | kaurav sena ki vyooh rachana | kaurav-paandav sena mean shankhadhvani aur sianhanad | bhishm aur arjun ka yuddh | dhrishtadyumn aur dronachary ka yuddh | bhimasen ka kaliangoan aur nishadoan se yuddh | bhimasen dvara shakradev aur bhanuman ka vadh | bhimasen dvara kee gajarajoan aur ketuman ka vadh | bhimasen dvara kaurav sena ke asankhy sainikoan ka vadh | abhimanyu aur arjun ka parakram tatha doosare din ke yuddh ki samapti | kaurav-paandavoan ki vyooh rachana | ubhay paksh ki senaoan ka ghamasan yuddh | paandav viroan ka parakram aur kaurav sena mean bhagad d | duryodhan aur bhishm ka sanvad | bhishm ka parakram | krishn ka bhishm ko marane ke lie udyat hona | arjun dvara kaurav sena ki parajay aur tisare din ke yuddh ki samapti | kaurav-paandav senaoan ka vyooh nirman | bhishm aur arjun ka dvairath yuddh | abhimanyu ka parakram | dhrishtadyumn dvara shal ke putr ka vadh | dhrishtadyumn aur shaly adi donoan paksh ke viroan ka yuddh | bhimasen dvara gajasena ka sanhar | bhimasen ka parakram | satyaki aur bhoorishrava ki muthabhe d | bhimasen aur ghatotkach ka parakram | kauravoan ki parajay tatha chauthe din ke yuddh ki samapti | dhritarashtr-sanjay prasang mean duryodhan ka bhishm se paandavoan ki vijay ka karan poochhana | bhishm ka brahma dvara ki huee bhagavat-stuti ka kathan | narayanavatar shrikrishn evan naravatar arjun ki mahima ka pratipadan | bhagavan shrikrishn ki mahima | brahmabhootastotr tatha shrikrishn aur arjun ki mahatta | kauravoan dvara makaravyooh tatha paandavoan dvara shyenavyooh ka nirman | bhishm aur bhimasen ka ghamasan yuddh | bhishm, arjun adi yoddhaoan ka ghamasan yuddh | kaurav-paandav senaoan ka paraspar ghor yuddh | kaurav-paandav yoddhaoan ka dvandv yuddh | bhoorishrava dvara satyaki ke das putroan ka vadh | arjun ka parakram tatha paanchavean din ke yuddh ki samapti | paandavoan dvara makaravyooh tatha kauravoan dvara krauanchavyooh ka nirman | dhritarashtr ki chinta | bhimasen, dhrishtadyumn tatha dronachary ka parakram | ubhay paksh ki senaoan ka sankul yuddh | bhimasen ke dvara duryodhan ki parajay | abhimanyu adi ka dhritarashtraputroan ke sath yuddh tatha chhathe din ke yuddh ki samapti | bhishm dvara duryodhan ko ashvasan | kaurav-paandav senaoan ka mandal aur vajravyooh banakar bhishan sangharsh | shrikrishn aur arjun se darakar kaurav sena mean bhagad d | dronachary aur virat ka yuddh tatha virataputr shankh ka vadh | shikhandi aur ashvatthama ka yuddh | satyaki dvara alambush ki parajay | dhrishtadyumn aur duryodhan tatha bhimasen aur kritavarma ka yuddh | iravan dvara vind-anuvind ki parajay | bhagadatt dvara ghatotkach ki parajay | madraraj par nakul aur sahadev ki vijay | yudhishthir dvara raja shrutayu ki parajay | mahabharat yuddh mean chekitan aur kripachary ka moorchhit hona | bhoorishrava se dhrishtaketu tatha abhimanyu se chitrasen adi ki parajay | susharma adi se arjun ka yuddharambh | arjun ka parakram aur paandavoan ka bhishm par akraman | yudhishthir ka shikhandi ko upalambh | bhimasen ka purusharth | bhishm aur yudhishthir ka yuddh | dhrishtadyumn ke sath vind-anuvind ka sangram | dron adi ka parakram aur satavean din ke yuddh ki samapti | vyoohabaddh kaurav-paandav senaoan ki ranayatra | vyoohabaddh kaurav-paandav senaoan ka ghamasan yuddh | bhishm ka ranabhoomi mean parakram | bhimasen dvara dhritarashtr ke ath putroan ka vadh | duryodhan aur bhishm ka yuddh vishayak vartalap | kaurav-paandav sena ka ghamasan yuddh aur bhayanak janasanhar | iravan dvara shakuni ke bhaiyoan ka vadh | alambush dvara iravan ka vadh | ghatotkach aur duryodhan ka bhayanak yuddh | ghatotkach ka duryodhan evan dron adi viroan ke sath yuddh | ghatotkach ki raksha ke lie bhimasen ka agaman | bhim adi shooraviroan ke sath kauravoan ka yuddh | duryodhan aur bhimasen tatha ashvatthama aur raja nil ka yuddh | ghatotkach ki maya se kaurav sena ka palayan | bhishm ki ajna se bhagadatt ka ghatotkach se yuddh hetu prasthan | bhagadatt ka ghatotkach, bhimasen aur paandav sena ke sath yuddh | iravan ke vadh se arjun ka du:khapoorn udgar | bhimasen dvara dhritarashtr ke nau putroan ka vadh | abhimanyu aur ambashth ka yuddh | yuddh ki bhayanak sthiti ka varnan aur athavean din ke yuddh ki samapti | duryodhan ki shakuni tatha karn adi ke sath paandavoan par vijay hetu mantrana | duryodhan ka bhishm se paandavoan ka vadh athava karn ko yuddh hetu ajna dene ka anurodh | bhishm ka duryodhan ko arjun ka parakram batana aur bhayankar yuddh ki pratijna | duryodhan dvara bhishm ki raksha ki vyavastha | ubhayapaksh ki senaoan ki vyooh rachana tatha ghamasan yuddh | vinashasoochak utpatoan ka varnan | abhimanyu ke parakram se kaurav sena ka yuddhabhoomi se palayan | abhimanyu tatha draupadi ke putroan ka alambush se ghor yuddh | abhimanyu dvara alambush ki parajay | arjun ke sath bhishm ka yuddh | kripachary, dronachary tatha ashvatthama ke sath satyaki ka yuddh | dronachary aur susharma ke sath arjun ka yuddh | bhimasen dvara ranabhoomi mean gajasena ka sanhar | kaurav-paandav ubhay paksh ki senaoan ka ghamasan yuddh | raktamayi rananadi ka varnan | arjun dvara trigartoan ki parajay | abhimanyu se chitrasen ki parajay | satyaki aur bhishm ka yuddh | duryodhan dvara du:shasan ko bhishm ki raksha ka adesh | shakuni ki ghu dasavar sena ki parajay | yudhishthir aur nakul-sahadev ke sath shaly ka yuddh | bhishm dvara parajit paandav sena ka palayan | bhishm ko marane ke lie krishn ka udyat hona | arjun dvara udyat hue krishn ko rokana | navean din ke yuddh ki samapti | krishn v paandavoan ki gupt mantrana | krishnasahit paandavoan ka bhishm se unake vadh ka upay poochhana | ubhayapaksh ki sena ka ran prasthan v dasavean din ke yuddh ka prarambh | shikhandi ko age kar paandavoan ka bhishm par akraman | shikhandi evan bhishm ka yuddh | bhishm-duryodhan sanvad | bhishm dvara lakhoan paandav sainikoan ka sanhar | arjun ke protsahan se shikhandi ka bhishm par akraman | du:shasan ka arjun ke sath ghor yuddh | kaurav-paandav paksh ke pramukh maharathiyoan ke dvandvayuddh ka varnan | dronachary ka ashvatthama ko ashubh shakunoan ki soochana dena | dronachary ka ashvatthama ko dhrishtadyumn se yuddh karane ka adesh | kaurav paksh ke das maharathiyoan ke sath bhim ka ghor yuddh | kaurav maharathiyoan ke sath bhim aur arjun ka adbhut purusharth | bhishm ke adesh se yudhishthir ka un par akraman | kaurav-paandav sainikoan ka bhishan yuddh | kaurav-paandav maharathiyoan ke dvandvayuddh ka varnan | bhishm ka adbhut parakram | ubhay paksh ki senaoan ka yuddh tatha du:shasan ka parakram | arjun ke dvara bhishm ka moorchchhit hona | bhishm dvara paandav sena ka bhishan sanhar | arjun ka bhishm ko rath se girana | sharashayya par sthit bhishm ke pas rrishiyoan ka agaman | bhishm dvara uttarayan ki pratiksha kar pran dharan karana | bhishm ki mahatta | arjun dvara bhishm ko takiya dena | ubhay paksh ki senaoan ka apane shibir mean jana evan krishn-yudhishthir sanvad | arjun dvara bhishm ki pyas bujhana | arjun ki prasansha kar bhishm ka duryodhan ko sandhi ke lie samajhana | bhishm aur karn ka rahasyamay sanvad