श्रीमद्भगवद्गीता -जयदयाल गोयन्दका पृ. 228

shrimadbhagavadgita tattvavivechani hindi-tika -jayadayal goyandaka

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tritiy adhyay


prashn- yahaan bhagavanh ne indriyoan ki apeksha man ko aur man ki apeksha buddhi ko par arthath shreshth, sookshm aur balavanh batalaya hai, kiantu doosare adhyay mean kaha hai ki ‘yatn karane vale buddhimanh purush ke man ko bhi pramathan svabhav vali indriyaan balath har leti haian’[1] tatha yah bhi kaha hai ki ‘vishayoan mean vicharati huee indriyoan mean se jisake sath man rahata hai, vah ek hi indriy manushy ki buddhi ko har leti hai.’[2] in vachanoan se man ki apeksha indriyoan ki prabalata siddh hoti hai aur buddhi ki apeksha bhi man ki sahayata se indriyoan ki prabalata siddh hoti hai, isaka samadhan karana chahiye?

uttar- kathorapanishadh mean rath ke drishtant se yah vishay bhali-bhaanti samajhaya gaya hai; vahaan kaha hai ki atma rathi hai, buddhi usaka sarathi hai, sharir rath hai, man lagam hai, indriyaan gho de haian aur shabdadi vishay hi marg haian.[3] yadyapi vastav mean rathi ke adhin sarathi, sarathi ke adhin lagam aur lagam ke adhin gho doan ka hona thik hi hai, tathapi jisaka buddhiroop sarathi vivekajnan se sarvatha shoony hai, manarooph lagam jisaki niyamanusar pak di huee nahian hai, aise jivatmaroop rathi ke indriyaroop gho de uchchhriankhal hokar use dusht gho doan ki bhaanti balath ulate (vishay) marg mean le jakar gaddhe mean dal dete haian.[4] isase yah siddh hota hai ki jab tak buddhi, man aur indriyoan par jivatma ka adhipaty nahian hota, vah apane samarthy ko bhoolakar unake adhin hua rahata hai, tabhi tak indriyaan man aur buddhi ko dhokha dekar sabako balath ulate marg mean ghasitati haian arthath indriyaan pahale man ko vishay sukh ka pralobhan dekar use apane anukool bana leti haian, man aur indriyaan milakar buddhi ko apane anukool bana lete haian aur ye bas milakar atma ko bhi apane adhin kar lete haian; parantu vastav mean to indriyoan ki apeksha man, man ki apeksha buddhi aur sabaki apeksha atma hi balavanh hai; isaliye vahaan (kathopanishadh mean) kaha hai ki jisaka buddhiroop sarathi vivekashil hai, manaroop lagam jisaki niyamanusar apane adhin hai, usake indriyaroop gho de bhi gho doan ki bhaanti vash mean hote haian tatha aise man, buddhi aur indriyoan vala pavitratma manushy us paramapad ko pata hai jahaan jakar vah vapas nahian lautata.[5] gita mean bhi jite hue man, buddhi aur indriyoan se yukt apane atma ko mitr aur bina jite hue man, buddhi aur indriyoan vale ko apane shatru ke saman batalaya hai.[6] atah bina jiti huee indriyaan vastav mean man-buddhi ki apeksha nirbal hoti huee bhi prabal rahati haian, is ashay se doosare adhyay ka kathan hai aur yahaan unaki vastavik sthiti batalayi gayi hai. atev poorva par mean koee virodh nahian hai.

prashn- yahaan ‘paratah’ pad ka arth ‘atyant par’ kiya gaya hai; isaka kya abhipray hai?

uttar- kathorapanishadh mean jahaan yah vishay aya hai, vahaan buddhi se par mahattattv ko, usase par avyakt ko aur avyakt se bhi par purush ko batalaya gaya hai tatha yah bhi kaha gaya hai ki yahi parakashtha hai- paratv ki antim avadhi hai, isase par kuchh bhi nahian hai.[7] usi shruti ke bhav ko spasht dikhalane ke liye yahaan ‘paratah’ ka ‘atyant par’ arth kiya gaya hai. atma sabaka adhar, karan, prakashak aur prerak tatha sookshm, vyapak, shreshth aur balavanh hone ke karan use ‘atyant par’ kahana uchit hi hai.

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tika tippani aur sandarbh

  1. 2/60
  2. 2/67
  3. atmanan rathinan viddhi shariran rathamev tu. buddhian tu sarathian viddi man: pragramev chh..
    indriyani hayanahurvishayaansteshu gocharanh. atmendriyamanoyuktan bhoktetyahurmanishin:..(kathopanishadh 1|3| 3-4)


    'too atma ko rathi aur sharir ko rath jnan tath buddhi ko sarathi aur man ko man ko lagam samajh. viveki purush indriyoan ko gho de batalate haian aur vishayoan ko unake marg kahate haian tatha sharir, indriy evan man se yukt atma ko 'bhokta' kahate haian.'

  4. yastvavijnanava‍nh bhavatyuyukten manasa sada. tasyendriyayanyavashyani dushtashva iv sarathe.
    yastvavijnanavan bhavatyamanask: sadashuchi. n s tatpadamapnoti sansaran chadhigachchhati.. (kathopanishadh 1|3|5,7) 'kiantu jo buddhiroopi sarathi sarvada aviveki aur asanyat chitt se yukt hota hai, usake adhin indriyaan vaise hi nahian rahatian, jaise sarathi ke adhin dusht gho de. aur jo (buddhiroop sarathi) jisaka man nigrihit nahian hai' jisaka man nigrihit nahian hai aur jo sada apavitr hai, vah us pad ko prapt nahian kar sakata hai varan vah sansar ko hi prapt hota hai.'
  5. yastu vijnanavanh bhavati yukten manasa sada. tasyendriyani vashyani sadashva iv sarathe:..
    yastu vijnavanh bhavati samanask: sada shuchi:. s tu tatpadamapnoti yasmadbhayo n jayate.. (kathopanishad 1|3|6|6,8)

    'parantu jo buddhi roopi sarathi vivekashil (kushal) tatha samahitachitt hai, usake adhin indriyaan vaise hi rahati haian, jaise sarathi ke adhin uttam shikshit gho de. tatha jo vijnanavanh hai, nigrihit man vala hai aur sada pavitr hai, vah us pad ko prapt kar leta hai, jahaan se phir vah utapann nahian hota yani punarjanm ko nahian prapt hota.'

  6. 6/6
  7. iandriyebhy: para hyartha artheparan man: . manasastu para buddhirbuddheratma mahanh‌ par:॥
    mahat: paramavyaktamavyaktatpurush: par:. purushann paran kianchit sa kashtha sa para gati:॥ (kathopanish‌dh‌ 1.3.10-11)
    'iandriyoan ki apeksha unake arth (shabd, sparsh, roop, ras aur gandharoop tanmatraean) par (shreshth, sookshm aur balavan) haian, arthoan se man par hai, man se buddhi par hai aur buddhi se bhi mahan atma (mahattattv samashti-buddhi) par hai. mahattattv se avyakt (mool prakriti) par hai aur avyakt se purush par hai. purush se par aur kuchh nahian hai, vahi parakashtha (aantim avadhi) hai aur vahi param gati hai.'

sanbandhit lekh

shrimadbhagavadgita tattvavivechani hindi-tika -jayadayal goyandaka
kram sankhya vishay prishth sankhya
pahala adhyay
1 pratham adhyay ka nam aur sankshep 1
2 pratham adhyay ka sambandh- gita ke upakram mean mahabharat-yuddh ka prarambhik itihas 2
3 dhritarashtr ka prashn 4
4 dharmakshetr-kurukshetr ka parichay tatha duryodhan ka dronachary ke pas jana 5
5 duryodhan dvara pandav sena ka varnan 6
6 yuyudhan, virat aur drupad ka parichay 7
7 dhrishtaketu, chekitan, kashiraj, purujit, kuntibhoj, shaiby, yudhamanyu, abhimanyu tatha draupadi ke putroan ke parichay 10
8 maharathi ka lakshan tatha dron, bhishm, karn, krip, ashvatthama, vikarn aur bhoorishrava adi kauravapakshiy pramukh viroan ka parichay 11
9 duryodhan dvara apane paksh ke viroan ki prashansa tatha bhishm ke dvara shankhanad 15
10 arjun ke vishal rath, dhvaja, hrishikesh nam, panchajany evan devadatt shankh ka evan shikhandi ka parichay aur ubhay paksh ke viroan dvara ki huee shankh dhvani ka varnan 17
11 arjun ke anurodh se bhagavan ka donoan senaoan ke bich mean rath ko le jana aur arjun ka sabako dekhana 24
12 donoan or ke svajanoan ko dekhakar unake maran ki ashanka se arjun ka shokakul hona aur kulanash, kuladharmanash tatha varnasankarata ke vistar adi dushparinamoan ko batalate hue dhanush-ban chho dakar baith jana 30
13 adhyay ki samapti par pushpi ka- tatpary 49
doosara adhyay
14 pratham adhyay ka nam sankshep aur sandarbh 50
15 bhagavan ke dvara utsah dilaye jane par bhi arjun ka yuddh ke liye taiyar n hona aur kiankartavyavimoodh hokar bhagavan se uchit shiksha dene ki prarthana karate hue yuddh n karane ka nishchay karake baith jana 53
16 bhagavan ke dvara atmatattv ka niroopan aur saankhyayog ki drishti mean arjun ko yuddh ke liye protsahan milana 64
17 kshatriy dharm ke anusar dharm-yuddh ki upadeyata aur avashyakata ka varnan karake bhagavan arjun ko yuddh ke liye utsah dilana 90
18 sakam karmoan ki hinata aur nishkam karmoan ki shreshthata ka varnan karate hue arjun ko karmayog ke liye utsahit karana 98
19 yog aur yogi ke vibhinn arthoan mean prayog 118
20 arjun ke poochhane par bhagavan ke dvara sthir-buddhi purushoan ke lakshan, sthir-buddhita ke sadhan aur phal ka niroopan 123
tisara adhyay
21 adhyay ka nam sankshep aur sambandh 154
22 arjun ke poochhane par saankhy aur karmayog do nishthaoan ka varnan karate hue arjun ko kartavy karm karane ke liye adesh dena 156
23 yajnarth karm ki visheshata, yajnachakr ka varnan tatha kartavyapalan par jor 169
24 jnani ke liye karm ki kartavyata n hone par bhi lok-sangraharth jnanavan aur bhagavan ke liye bhi karm ki avashyakata evan ajnani aur jnani ke lakshan tatha rag-dvesharahit karm ke liye preran. raja dilip, shivi aur prahlad ka drishtant 182
25 arjun ke prashn ke uttar mean bhagavan ka kam ke svaroop, nivas sthan adi ka varnan karate hue use marane ke liye arjun ko ajna dena 217
chautha adhyay
26 adhyay ka nam, sankshep aur sambandh 231
27 bhagavan ke dvara karmayog ki prachin parampara ka digdarshan 233
28 arjun ke prashn par bhagavan ke dvara avatar rahasy ka varnan, charoan varnoan ki srishti eeshvarakrit hai, yah batalate hue karm ke rahasy aur mahapurushoan ki mahima ka varnan 237
29 vividh prakar ke yajnoan ka varnan 268
30 jnan ki mahima 292
paanchava adhyay
31 adhyay ka nam, sankshep sambandh 312
32 arjun ke prashn ke uttar mean bhagavan ke dvara saankhyayog aur karmayog ka nirnay, saankhyayogi aur karmayogi ke lakshan tatha mahattv ka varnan 313
33 saankhyayog aur saankhayogi sthiti ka niroopan 331
34 donoan nishthaoan ke sadhakoan ke liye dhyanayog ka varnan tatha bhagavan ko yajnadi ka bhokta, sarvalokamaheshvar tatha suhrid jan lene par paramashanti ki prapti ka varnan 360
chhatha adhyay
35 adhyay ka nam, sankshep aur sambandh 369
36 karmayogi ki prashansa aur yogaroodh purush ka lakshan batalate hue atmoddhar ke liye prerana tatha bhagavatprapt purushoan ke lakshan 371
37 dhyanayog ka phalasahit varnan 386
38 arjun dvara kiye gaye prashnoan ke uttar mean man ke nigrah aur yogabhrasht purushoan ki gati ka varnan 432
39 yogi ki mahima, yogi banane ke liye ajna aur antaratma se bhagavan ko bhajane vale yogi ki sarvashreshthata 455
satavaan adhyay
40 shatk ka spashtikaran, adhyay ka nam, sankshep aur sambandh 462
41 vijnan sahit jnan ki prashansa, bhagavatsvaroop ke tattvajnan ki durlabhata, bhagavan ki apara evan para prakriti ka svaroop tatha unase samast bhootoan ki utpatti, bhagavan ki sabake prati mahakaranata evan bhagavan ke samagr svaroop ka varnan 464
42 asuri svabhav ke manushyoan ki ninda, bhagavan ke sab prakar ke bhaktoan ki prashansa tatha any devoan ki upasana ka varnan 482
43 bhagavan ke prabhav ko n samajhane ka karan aur samagraroop ko samajhane vale purushoan ki prashansa 500
athavaan adhyay
44 adhyay ka nam, sankshep aur sambandh 513
45 arjun ke prashn ke uttar mean bhagavan ke dvara brahm, adhyatm, karm, adhibhoot, adhidaiv aur adhiyajn ke svaroop tatha antakal ki gati ka mahattvayukt niroopan 514
46 sagun-nirakar svaroop ka chintan karane vale yogiyoan ki nirgun-nirakar brahm ke upasakoan ki antakalin gati ka varnan 529
47 bhagavan ki bhakti ka mahattv, kalpavarnan tatha sabhi upasakoan ko prapt hone vale paramadham ka bhaktiroopi upayasahit varnan 541
48 shukl aur krishn marg ka varnan 555
navaan adhyay
49 adhyay ka nam, sankshep tatha sambandh 571
50 vijnanayukt jnan bhagavan ke aishvary ka prabhav aur jagat ki utpatti ka varnan 572
51 bhagavan ke prabhav ko n janane ke karan unaka tiraskar karane valoan ki ninda, bhakti ki mahima, prabhavasahit samagraroop ka varnan aur svargakami purushoan ki gati ka niroopan 588
52 anany bhakti ki mahima 611
dasavaan adhyay
53 adhyay ka nam, sankshep aur sambandh 656
54 bhagavan ki vibhooti aur yogashakti ka kathan tatha unake janane ka phal 657
55 phal aur prabhavasahit bhakti ka kathan 669
56 arjun dvara bhagavan ki stuti, vibhooti tatha yogashakti ka varnan karane ke liye prarthana 675
57 bhagavan ke dvara apani vibhootiyoan aur yogashakti ka varnan 684
gyarahavaan adhyay
58 adhyay ka nam, sankshep aur sambandh 710
59 vishvaroop ka darshan karane ke liye arjun ki prarthana 711
60 bhagavan ke dvara vishvaroop ka varnan aur divyadrishti pradan 717
61 sanjay dvara bhagavan ke vishvaroop ka varnan 723
62 arjun dvara bhagavan ke vishvaroop ka darshan aur stavan 729
63 bhagavan ke dvara apane prabhav ka varnan aur arjun ko yuddh ke liye utsah pradan 748
64 arjun ke dvara bhagavan ka stavan aur chaturbhuj dikhalane ke liye arjun ki prarthana 754
65 bhagavan ke dvara vishvaroop ki mahima ka kathan evan chaturbhuj tatha saumyaroop ke darshan karavana 772
66 bhagavan ke dvara chaturbhujaroop ki mahima aur ananyabhakti ka niroopan 776
barahavaan adhyay
67 adhyay ka nam, sankshep aur sambandh 784
68 arjun ke prashn karane par bhagavan ke dvara sakar aur nirakar svaroop ke upasakoan ki uttamata ka nirnay tatha bhagavatprapti ke vividh sadhanoan ka varnan 785
69 bhagavatprapt bhakt purushoan ke lakshan 806
70 uchch shreni ke bhagavadbhakt sadhakoan ka varnan 821
terahavaan adhyay
71 adhyay ka nam, sankshep aur sambandh 823
72 kshetr, kshetrajn tatha jnan-jney ka niroopan 824
73 jnan sahit prakriti-purush ka varnan 853
chaudahavaan adhyay
74 adhyay ka nam, sankshep aur sambandh 881
75 jnan ka mahattv aur prakriti purush ke dvara srishti ki utpatti ka varnan 882
76 sattv, raj, tam- tinoan gunoan ka vividh prakar se varnan 885
77 gunatit-avastha ki prapti ke upay tatha gunatit purush ke lakshanoan aur bhagavan ki mahatta ka varnan 903
pandrahavaan adhyay
78 adhyay ka nam, sankshep aur sambandh 919
79 sansar -vriksh ka varnan, bhagavatprapti ke sadhan aur paramadham ka niroopan 920
80 jivatma ka prakaran 929
81 bhagavan prabhav evan svaroop ka prakaran tatha kshar, akshar evan purushottam ka niroopan 939
solahavaan adhyay
82 adhyay ka nam, sankshep aur sambandh 950
83 phal sahit daivi aur asuri sampatti ka varnan 951
84 asuri sampatti vale manushyoan ke lakshan aur unaki adhogati ka niroopan 959
85 kam, krodh aur lobh narak-dvaroan ke tyag ki ajna ke sath-sath shastranukul karm karane ke liye prerana 975
satarahavaan adhyay
86 adhyay ka nam sankshep aur sambandh 980
87 shraddha aur shastraviparit ghor tap karane valoan ka varnan 981
88 tinoan gunoan ke anusar, ahar, yajn, tap aur dan ke prithak-prithak bhedoan ka varnan 988
89 Om tatsath ke prayog ki vyakhya 1010
atharahavaan adhyay
90 adhyay ka nam sankshep aur sambandh 1016
91 arjun ke prashn ke uttar mean bhagavan ke dvara tyag ke svaroop ka nirnay 1018
92 saankhy-siddhant ke anusar karmoan ke hetuoan ka niroopan 1032
93 tinoan ke gunoan ke anusar jnan, karm, karta, buddhi, dhriti aur sukh ke prithak-prithak bhedoan ka varnan 1041
94 phalasahit varnadharm ka niroopan 1070
95 jnan-nishtha ka niroopan 1084
96 bhaktisahit karmayog ka varnan aur sharanagati ki mahima tatha arjun apani sharan mean ane ke liye mahima tatha arjun ko apani sharan mean ane ke liye bhagavan ka adesh 1094
97 gita ka mahatmay 1114

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