nandadas
| |
poora nam | nandadas |
janm | sanvat 1570 (1513 ee.) vikrami |
janm bhoomi | ramapur gaanv, soroan, uttar pradesh |
mrityu | sanvat 1640 (1583 ee.) vikrami |
mrityu sthan | manasi ganga, govardhan |
abhibhavak | jivaram (pita) |
karm bhoomi | braj |
bhasha | brajabhasha |
prasiddhi | ashtachhap kavi |
nagarikata | bharatiy |
sanbandhit lekh | ashtachhap kavi, sooradas, manasi ganga, govardhan. |
diksha guru | gosaeean vitthalanath |
prabhu lila asakti | kishor lila |
any janakari | bhagavan shrikrishhn ka yash-chinhtan hi nandadas ke kavhy ka pran tha. vah kaha karate the ki- "jis kavita mean 'hari' ke yash ka ras n mile, use sunana hi nahian chahiye." bhagavan shrikrishhn ki roop-madhuri ke varnan mean unhhoanne jis yoghyata ka parichay diya |
nandadas 16vian shati ke aantim charan ke kavi the. ve 'ashtachhap' ke pramukh kaviyoan mean se ek the, jo sooradas ke bad sabase adhik prasiddh hue. nandadas bhaktiras ke poorn marmajn aur jnani the.
vishay soochi
parichay
nandadas ji ka janm sanvat 1570 (1513 ee.) vikrami mean hua tha. ek manyata ke anusar inaka janm uttar pradesh ke eta zile mean soroan ke pas ramapur gaanv mean hua tha. unake pita ka nam jivaram aur chacha ka atmaram tha. ve shukl brahman the aur ramapur gram ke nivasi the. kahate haian ki gosvami tulasidas unake gurubhaee the. nandadas unako b di pratishtha, samman aur shraddha ki drishti se dekhate the. ve yuvak hone par unhian ke sath kashi mean rahakar vidyadhyayan kiya karate the. nandadas ke vishay mean ‘bhaktamal’ mean likha hai-
‘chandrahas-agraj suhrid param prem mean page’
isase itana hi soochit hota hai ki inake bhaee ka nam chandrahas tha. 'do sau bavan vaishnavan ki varta' ke anusar ye tulasidas ke bhaee the, kintu ab yah bat pramanik nahian mani jati. usi varta mean yah bhi likha hai ki dvaraka jate hue nandadas siandhunad gram mean ek roopavati khatrani par asakt ho ge. ye us stri ke ghar mean charo or chakkar lagaya karate the. gharavale hairan hokar kuchh dinoan ke lie gokul chale ge. ye vahaan bhi ja pahuanche. aant mean vahian par gosaeean vitthalanath ji ke sadupadesh se inaka moh chhoota aur ye anany bhakt ho ge. is katha mean aitihasik tathy keval itana hi hai ki inhoanne gosaeean vitthalanath ji se diksha li.
vrindavan agaman
ek bar kashi se ek vaishnav-samaj bhagavan ranachhor ke darshan ke liye dvaraka ja raha tha. nandadas ne tulasidas ji se ajna maangi. unhoanne pahate to jane ki manahi kar di, par bad mean nandadas ne unako paryapt anunay-vinay se prasann kar liya. mathura mean unhoanne vaishnav samaj ka sath chho d diya. ve vahaan se dvaraka ke liye svayan age badhe. daivayog se ve rasta, bhool gaye. kurukshetr ke sannikat sihanand namak gaanv mean a pahuanche aur vahaan se kisi karanavash pun: shrivrindavan ko laut p de. nandadas bhagavati kalindi ke tat par pahuanch gaye. yamuna darshan se unaka laukik maya-moh ka bandhan toot gaya.
diksha
vrindavan ane ke bad nandadas ne yamuna ke us par vrindavan ke b de-b de mandir dekhe. apane janm-janm ke sakha ka prem-nikuanj dekha. priyatam ki muskan yamuna tat ki dhaval aur paramojjval baluka mean bikhar rahi thi. unhean brajadevata premaliangan ke liye bula rahe the. vaishnav-parivar se gosaeean vitthalanath ne poochha ki- "brahman devata kahaan rah gaye?" log ashcharyachakit ho uthe. nandadas ko apane shishy bhejakar unhoanne bulaya. ve gosoeean ji ke param pavitr darshan se dhany ho uthe. gosaeean ji ne unako 'navanitapriy' ka darshan karaya. nandadas ji ko dikshit kiya, unhean dehanusandhan nahian rah gaya. chet hone par nandadas ki kavyavani ne bhagavan ki lila rasanubhooti ka maangalik gan gaya. ve bhagavat ho uthe. unake hriday mean shuddh bhagavatprem ki bhagirathi bahane lagi. shrigosaeean vitthalanath ne unhean gale lagaya. nandadas ne guru-charan ki vandana ki, stuti ki. unaki bharati ke svaramay saras kanth ne gurukripa ke madhury se upasthit vaishnav mandali ko kritarth kar diya. ve gane lage-
shribitthal mangal roop nidhan.
koti amrit sam hans mridu bolan, sab ke jivan pran..
karunasiandhu udar kalpataru det abhay pad dan.
saran aye ki laj chahuan disi baje prakat nisan..
tumare charan kamal ke makarand man madhukar lapatan.
'nandadas' prabhu dvare ratat hai, ruchat nahian kachhu an..
kavhy-sadhana
nandadas ne gosaeean ji ke charan-kamal ke shthayi ashray ke liye uthkat ichhchha prakat ki. shrivalhlabhananhdan das kahalane mean unhhoanne param gaurav anubhav kiya. nandadas ne unake charan-kamaloan par sarvashv nichhavar kar diya. unaka man bhagavan shrikrishhn mean poorn asakht ho gaya. unhhoanne govardhan mean shrinath ji ka darshan kiya. ve bhagavan ki kishor-lila ke samhbanhdh mean pad rachana karane lage. shrikrishhn lila ka pranadhan rasaras hi unaki kavhy-sadhana ka mukhhy vishay ho gaya. ve kabhi govardhan aur kabhi gokul mean rahate the.
- uchhch koti ke kavi
nandadas uchhch koti ke kavi the. unhhoanne samhpoorn bhagavat ko bhasha ka roop diya. kathavachakoan aur brahmanoan ne gosaeean vitthalanath se kaha ki- "ham logoan ki jivika chali jayagi". guru ke adesh se mahakavi nandadas ne keval brajalila-samhbanhdhi padoan ke aur pradhan roop se rasaras ke varnan ko bacha rakha, shesh bhasha bhagavat ko yamuna mean baha diya. nandadas aise ni:shprih aur rasik shrikrishhn bhakt ka gaurav is ghatana se badh gaya.
sooradas se ghanishthata
nandadas ki sooradas se b di ghanishhthata thi. mahakavi soor ne unake bodh ke liye apane prasiddh granhth 'sahithy-lahari' ki rachana ki thi. ek din mahathma soor ne unase shpashht kah diya tha ki- "abhi tum mean vairaghy ka abhav hai". at: mahakavi soor ki ajna se ve ghar chale aye. kamala namak kanhya se unhhoanne vivah kar liya. apane gram ka nam shhyamapur rakha. shhyamasar namak ek talab banavaya. ve ananhd se ghar par rahakar bhagavan ki rasamayi lila par kavhy likhane lage, par unaka man to shrinath ji ke charanoan par nhyochhavar ho chuka tha. kuchh dinoan ke bad ve govardhan chale aye. ve shthayi roop se manasi ganga par rahane lage tatha shesh jivan shrinath ji ki seva mean samarpit kar diya.
krishn ka yash-chinhtan
bhagavan shrikrishhn ka yash-chinhtan hi nandadas ke kavhy ka pran tha. vah kaha karate the ki- "jis kavita mean 'hari' ke yash ka ras n mile, use sunana hi nahian chahiye." bhagavan shrikrishhn ki roop-madhuri ke varnan mean unhhoanne jis yoghyata ka parichay diya, vah apane dhang ki ek hi vashtu hai. nandadas ne gopi prem ka athyanht uthkrishht adarsh apane kavhy mean niroopit kiya hai. braj-kavhy sahithy mean rasaras ka paravar hi unaki lekhani se um d utha. nithy navin rasaras, nithy gopi aur nithy shrikrishhn ke saunhdary-madhury mean ve rat-din sarabor rahate the. rasikoan ke sang mean rahakar hari-lila gate rahane ko hi ve jivan ka paramananhd samajhate the. unaki dridh manhyata thi-
"roop prem ananhd ras jo kachhu jag mean ahi.
so sab giridhar dev ko, nidharak baranauan tahi.."
golok prapti
nandadas ji ne sanvat 1640 (1583 ee.) vikrami mean golok prapht kiya. ve us samay manasi ganga par rahate the. ek bar akabar ki rajasabha mean tanasen nandadas ka prasiddh pad "dekhau dekhau ri nagar nat niratat kalinhdi tat" ga rahe the. usaka antim charan tha- "nandadas tahan gavai nipat nikat." badashah ashhchary mean p d gaye ki nandadas kis tarah 'nipat nikat' the. ve birabal ke sath unase milane ke liye manasi ganga par gaye. akabar ne nandadas se apani shanka ka samadhan chaha. nandadas ke pran premavihval ho gaye, unaki kamana ne unako anupranit kiya.
mohan piy ki musakani, dhalakani moramukut ki.
sada basau man mere pharkani piyare pat ki..
unake netr sada ke liye band ho gaye. gosaeean vitthalanath ne unake saubhaghyapoorn lila-pravesh ki sarahan ki. nandadas maharasik premi bhakt the.
kritiyaan
nandadas ji ki nimnalikhit mukhy rachanaean haian-
pady rachana - 'rasapanchadhyayi', 'bhagavat dashamaskandh', 'rukminimangal', 'siddhaant panchadhyayi', 'roopamanjari', 'manamanjari', 'virahamanjari', 'namachiantamanimala', 'anekarthanamamala', 'danalila', 'manalila', 'anekarthamanjari', 'jnanamanjari', 'shyamasagaee', 'bhramaragit', 'sudamacharitr'.
gadyarachana - 'hitopadesh', 'nasiketapuran'.
sanbandhit lekh
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj