gita rahasy athava karmayog shastr -bal gangadhar tilak
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pahala prakaran
isi tarah lekh athava granth ke phal par bhi- arthat us lekh ya granth se jo parinam hua ho us par bhi-dhyan dena chahiye. kyoanki amukt phal ho isi hetu se granth likha jata hai, isaliye yadi ghatit parinam par dhyan diya jay to usase granth karta ka ashay bahut thik thik vyakt ho jata hai. chhathavaan aur satavaan sadhan 'arthavad' aur 'upapatti' hai. arthavad mimaansako ka paribhashik shabd hai (jai.soo. 1.2.1-18). is bat ke nishchit ho jane par bhi, ki hamean mukhyatah kis bat ko batalakar jama dena hai athava kis bat ko siddh karana hai, kabhi-kabhi granthakar doosari anek batoan ka prasanganusar varnan kiya karata hai; jaise pratipadan ke pravah mean drishtaant dene ke liye, tulana karake ek vakyata karane ke liye, samanata aur bhed dikhalane ke liye, prati pakshiyoan ke dosh batalakar svapaksh ka mandan karane ke liye, alankar aur atishayokti ke liye, aur yuktivad ke poshak kisi vishay ka poorv- itihas batalane ke liye aur kuchh varnan bhi kar deta hai. ukt karanoan ya prasangoan ke atirikt aur bhi any karan ho sakate hai aur kabhi kabhi to kuchh bhi vishesh karan nahian hota. aisi avastha mean granthakar jo varnan karata hai vah yadyapi vishayantar nahian ho sakata tathapi vah keval gaurav ke liye ya spashtikaran ke liye hi kiya jata hai, isaliye yah nahian mana ja sakata ki ukt varnan hamesha saty hi hoga[1]. adhik kya kaha jay, kabhi-kabhi svayan granthakar yah dekhane ke liye savadhan nahian rahata ki ye apradhan batean aksharash: saty hai ya nahian. atev ye sab batean pramanabhoot nahian mani jatian; arthat yah nahian mana jata hai ki in bhinn-bhinn batoan ka, granthakar ke siddhaant paksh ke sath, koee ghana sambandh hai; ulata yahi mana jata hai ki ye sab batean agantuk arthat keval prashansa ya stuti hi ke liye haian. aisa samajhakar hi chho dakar, phir granth ka tatpary nishchit kiya karate haian. itana kar lene par, upapatti ki or bhi dhyan dena chahiye. kisi vishesh bat ko siddhakar dikhalane ke liye badhak pramanoan ka khandan karana aur sadhak pramanoan ka tark- shastranusar mandan karana 'upapatti' athava 'upapadan' kahalata hai. upakram aur upasanhar roop adyant ke do chhoroan ke sthir ho jane par, bich ka marg, arthavad aur upapatti ki sahayata se nishchit kiya ja sakata hai. arthavad se yah maloom ho sakata hai ki kaunasa vishay aprastut aur anushangik apradhan hai. ek bar arthavad ka nirnay ho jane par, granth-tatpary ka nishchay karane vala manushy, sab tedhe medhe rastoan ko chho d deta hai aur aisa karane par, jab pathak ka parikshak sidhe aur pradhanamarg par a jata hai, tab vah upapatti ki sahayata se granth ke arambh se aantim tatpary tak, ap hi pahuanch jata hai. hamare prachin mimaansakoan ke thaharaye hue, granth tatpary-nirnay ke, ye niyam sab deshoan ke vidvanoan ko ek saman many haian, isiliye unaki upayogita aur avashyakata ke sambandh mean yahaan adhik vivechan karane ki avashyakata nahian hai.[2]. is par yah prashn kiya ja sakata hai ki, kya mimaansakoan ke ukt niyam sanpraday chalane vale acharyoan ko maloom nahian the yadi ye sab niyam unake granthoan mean hi paye jate haian; to phir unaka bataya hua gita ka tatpary ekadeshiy kaise kaha ja sakata hai? isaka utar itana hi hai ki jab ek bar kisi ki drishti saanpradayaki (sankuchit) ban jati haian tab vah vyapakata ko svikar nahian kar sakata. tab vah kisi n kisi riti se yahi siddh karane ka yatn kiya karata hai ki praman bhootadharm granthoan mean apane hi sanpraday ka varnan kiya gaya hai. in granthoan ke tatpary ke vishay mean saanpradayik tikakaroan ki, pahale se hi aisi dharana ho jati hai ki yadi ukt granthoan ka kuchh doosara arth ho sakata ho jo unake saanpradayik arth se bhinn ho, to ve yah samajhate haian ki usaka hetu kuchh aur hi hai. |
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ arthavad ka varnan yadi vastu sthiti (yatharthata) ke adhar par kiya gaya ho to use 'anuvad' kahate haian; yadi viruddh riti se kiya gaya ho to use 'gunavad' kahate haian; aur yadi isase bhinn prakar ka ho to use 'bhootarthavad' kahate haian. 'arthavad' samany shabd hai; usake satyasaty praman se ukt tin bhed kiye gaye haian.
- ↑ granth-tatpary- nirnay ke ye niyam aangreji adalatoan mean bhi dekhe jate hai. udaharanarth man lijiye ki kisi phaisale ka kuchh matalab nahian nikalata. tab hukmaname ko dekhakar us phaisale ke arth ka nirnay kiya jata hai. aur yadi kisi phaisale mean kuchh aisi batean hoan jo mukhy vishay ka nirnay karane mean avashyak nahian hai to ve doosare mukadame mean praman (najir) nahian mani jati. aisi batoan ko aangreji mean 'abitar dikta' (Obiter Dicta) arthath 'bahy vidhan ' kahate haian.
sanbandhit lekh
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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj