gita rahasy athava karmayog shastr -bal gangadhar tilak
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satavaan prakaran
tathapi, pahale pahal usi ne in sab siddhantoan ko thik thik niyamanusar likh kar saralatapoorvak unaka ekatr varnan apane ‘vishhv ki paheli’[1] namak granth mean kiya hai. is karan, subhite ke liye, hamane use hi sab adhibhautik tattvajnoan ka mukhiya mana hai aur usi ke matoan ka, is prakaran mean tatha agale prakaran mean, vishesh ullekh kiya hai. kahane ki avashhyakata nahian ki yah ullekh bahut hi sankshipt hai, parantu isase adhik in siddhantoan ka vivechan is granth mean nahian kiya ja sakata. jinhean is vishay ka vistrit varnan padhana ho unhean spensar, darvin, hekal adi panditoan ke mool granthoan ka hi avalokan karana chahie.kapil ke saankhyashashtr ka vichar karane ke pahale yah kah dena uchit hoga ki ‘saankhy’ shabd ke do bhinn bhinn arth hote haian. pahala arth, kapilachary dvara pratipadit ‘saankhyashashtr’ hai. isi ka ullekh is prakaran mean, tatha ek bar bhagavadgita[2] mean bhi, kiya gaya hai. parantu, is vishisht arth ke siva sab prakar ke tattvajnan ko bhi samanyatah ‘saankhy’ hi kahane ki paripati hai, aur isi ‘saankhy’ shabd mean vedaantashashtr ka bhi samavesh kiya jata hai. ‘saankhyanishtha’ athava ‘saankhyayog’ shabdoan mean ‘saankhy’ ka yahi samany arth abhisht hai. is nishtha ke jnani purushoan ko bhi bhagavadgita mean jahaan[3] ‘saankhy’ kaha hai, vahaan saankhy shabd ka arth keval kapil saankhyamargi hi nahian hai, varanh usamean, atm-anatm-vichar se sab karmo ka sannyas karake brahmajnan mean nimagn rahane vale vedantiyoan ka bhi, samavesh kiya gaya hai. shabd shastroan ka kathan hai ki ‘saankhy’ shabd ‘sankhya’ dhatu se bana hai isaliye isaka pahala arth ‘ginanevala’ hai, aur kapil shastr kemalatattv ine gine sirph pachhchis hian haian, isaliye use ‘ginanevale’ ke arth mean yah vishisht ‘saankhy’ nam diya gaya; anantar phir ‘saankhy’ shabd ka arth bahut vyapak ho gaya aur usamean sab prakar ke tattvajnan ka samavesh hone laga. yahi karan hai ki jab pahale pahal kapil-bhikshuoan ko ‘saankhy’ kahane ki paripati prachalit ho gee, tab vedaanti sannyasiyoan ko bhi yahi nam diya jane laga hoga. kuchh bhi ho; is prakaran ka hamane jan boojh kar yah lamba chau da ‘ kapil saankhyashashtr’ nam isaliye rakha hai ki saankhy shabd ke ukt arth-bhed ke karan kuchh g dab d n ho. kapil saankhyashashtr mean bhi, kanad ke nyayashashtr ke saman sootr haian. parantu gau dapadachary ya sharir-bhashyakar shrishankarachary ne in sootroan ka adhar apane granhthoan mean nahian liya hai, isaliye bahutere vidvan samajhatean haian ki ye sootr kadachit prachin n hoan. eeshhvarakrishn ki ‘saankhyakarika’ ukt sootroan se prachin mani jati hai aur us par shankarachary ke dadaguru gau dapad ne bhashy likha hai. shankar bhashy mean bhi isi karika ke kuchh avataran liye gaye haian. sanh 570 eesvi se pahale is grathan ka jo bhashaantar chini bhasha mean hua tha vah is samay upalabdh hai [4] [5] . |
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ The Riddle of the Universe by Ernst Haeckel, is granth ki R.P.A. Cheap reprint avriti ka hi hamane sarvatr upayog kiya hai.
- ↑ 18.13
- ↑ gi. 2.39; 3.3;5.4,5; aur 13.24
- ↑ ab bauddh granthoan se eeshhvarakrishn ka bahut kuchh hal jana ja sakata hai. bauddh pandit vasubandhu ka guru, eeshhvarakrishn ka samakalin pratipakshi tha. vasubandhu ka jo jivanacharit, paramarth ne san 499-569 mean chini bhasha mean likha tha vah ab prakashit hua hai. isase daktar takkasoo ne yah anuman kiya hai ki eeshhvarakrishhn ka samay san 450 ee ke lagabhag hai. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland, 1905 pp. 33-53. parantu daktar vinsent smith ki ray hai ki svayan vasubandhu ka samay hi chauthi sadi mean (aandajan 280-360) hona chahiye; kyoanki usake granthoan ka anuvad san 404 isvi mean, chini bhasha mean hua hai. vasubandhu ka samay is prakar jab pichhe hat jata hai, tab usi prakar eeshhvarakrishn ka samay bhi qarib 200 varsh pichhe hatana p data hai; arthat san 240 eesvi ke lagabhag eeshhvarakrishhn ka samay a pahuanchata hai. Vincect Smith's Early History of India] 3rd Ed.p.328.
- ↑ gi.r. 20
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