chaturth adhyay
pranavayu ke liye nabhi, hriday, kanth ya nasika ke bhitar ke bhag tak ka nam ‘abhyantar desh’ hai aur nasaput se bahar solah aangul tak ‘bahari desh’ hai. jo sadhak poorak pranayam karate samay nabhi tak shvas ko khianchata hai’ vah solah aangul tak bahar pheanke; jo hriday tak aandar khianchata hai’ vah barah aangul tak bahar pheanke; kanth tak shvas ko khianchata hai, vah ath aangul bahar nikale aur jo nasika ke aandar oopari antim bhag tak hi shvas khianchata hai, vah char aangul bahar tak shvas pheanke. isamean poorv-poorv se uttar-uttar vale ko ‘sookshm’ aur poorv-poorv vale ko ‘dirgh’ samajhana chahiye. pranayam mean sankhya aur kal ka paraspar ghanishth sambandh hone ke karan inake niyam mean vyativakram nahian hona chahiye. jaise char pranav se poorak karate samay ek sekand samay laga to solah pranav se kumbhak karate samay char sekand aur ath pranav se rechak karate samay do sekand samay lagana chahiye. mantr ki ganana ka nam ‘sankhya ya matra’ hai, usamean lagane vale samay ka nam ‘kal’ hai. yadi sukhapoorvak ho sake to sadhak oopar batalaye kal aur matra ko duguni, tiguni, chauguni ya jitani chahe yathasadhy badha sakata hai. kal aur matra ki adhikata evan nyoonata se bhi pranayam dirgh aur sookshm hota hai.
‘bahyabhyantaravishayakshepi chaturthah.’ [1]
shabd, sparsh, roop, ras aur gandh jo indriyoan ke bahari vishay haian aur sankalp- vikalpadi jo antahkaran ke vishay haian, unake tyag se-unaki upeksha karane par arthat vishayoan ka chintan n karane par pranoan ki gati ka jo svatah hi avarodh hota hai, usaka nam chaturth pranayam hai.
poorvasootr mean batalaye hue pranayamoan mean pranoan ke nirodh se man ka sanyam hai aur yahaan man aur indriyoan ke sanyam se pranoan ka sanyam hai. yahaan pranoan ke rukane ka koee nirdisht sthan nahian hai- jahaan kahian bhi ruk sakate haian tatha kal aur sankhya ka bhi vidhan nahian hai.
‘svavishayasamprayoge chittasvaroopanukar ivendriyanaan pratyaharah.’[2]
apane-apane vishayoan ke sanyog se rahit hone par indriyoan ka chitt ke-se roop mean avasthit ho jana pratyahar hai.
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