shrimadbhagavadgita tattvavivechani hindi-tika -jayadayal goyandaka
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ashtadash adhyay
shauryan tejo dhritirdakshyan yuddhe chapyapalayanamh .
uttar- b de-se-b de balavanh shatru ka nyayayukt samana karane mean bhay n karana tatha nyayayukt yuddh karane ke liye sada hi utsahit rahana aur yuddh ke samay sahasapoorvak gambhirata se l date rahana ‘shooravirata’ hai. bhishmapitamah ka jivan isaka jvalant udaharan hai.[1] prashn- ‘tej’ kisaka nam hai? uttar- jis shakti ke prabhav se manushy doosaroan ka dabab manakar kisi bhi kartavy palan se kabhi vimukh nahian hota; aur doosare log nyay ke aur usake pratikool vyavahar karane mean darate rahate haian, us shakti ka nam tej hai. isi ko pratap aur prabhav bhi kahate haian. prashn- ‘dhairy’ kisako kahate haian? uttar- b de-se-b da sankat upasthit ho jane par- yuddhasthal mean sharir bhari-se-bhari chot lag jane par, apane putr-pautradi ke mar jane par, sarvasv ka nash ho jane par ya isi tarah any kisi prakar ki bhari-se-bhari vipatti a p dane par bhi vyakul n hona kartavyapalan se kabhi vichalit n hokar nyayanukul kartavyapalan mean sanlagn rahana- mean sanlagn rahana-isi ka nam ‘dhairy’ hai. prashn- ‘chaturata’ kya hai? uttar- paraspar jhag da karane valoan ka nyay karane mean, apane kartavy ka nirnay aur palan karane mean, yuddh karane mean tatha mitr, vairi aur madhyasthoan ke sath yathayogy vyavahar karane adi mean jo kushalata hai, usi ka nam ‘chaturata’ hai. prashn- yuddh mean n bhagana kisako kahate haian? uttar- yuddh karate samay bhari-se-bhari sankat a p dane par bhi pith n dikhalana, har halat mean nyayapoorvak samana karake apani shakti ka prayog karate rahana aur pranoan ki parava n karake yuddh mean date rahana hi ‘yuddh mean n bhagana’ hai. isi dharm ko dhyan mean rakhate samay hue vir balak abhimanyu ne chhah maharathiyoan se akele yuddh karake pran de diye, kintu shastr nahian chho de.[2] adhunik kal mean bhi rajasthan ke itihas mean aise anekoan udaharan milate haian jisamean vir rajapootoan ne yuddh mean har jane par shatru ko pith nahian dikhayi aur akele saik doan-hajaroan sainikoan se joojhakar pran de diye. |
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ balabrahmachari pitamah bhishm mean kshatriyochit sab gun prakat the. unhoanne prasiddh kshatriyashatru bhagavanh parashuram ji se shastravidya sikhi thi. jis samay parashuram ji ne kashiraj ki kanya amba se vivah kar lene ke liye bhishm par bahut dabav dala, us samay unhoanne b di namrata se apane saty ki raksha ke liye aisa karane se bilkul inkar kar diya; parantu jab parashuram ji kisi tarah n mane aur bahut dhamakane lage, tab unhoanne saph kah diya-
n bhayannapyanukroshannarthalobhann kamyaya. kshatran dharmamahan jahyamiti me vratamahitamh..
yachchapi katth se ram bahushah parivatsare. nirjitaah kshatriya loke mayaikeneti tachchhrinu..
n tada jatavanh bhishmah kshatriyo vapi madvidhah. pashchajjatani tejaansi trineshu jvalitan tvaya..
vyapaneshyami te darpan yuddhe ram n sanshayah. (maha, udyog。178)‘bhay, daya dhan ke lobh aur kamana se maian kabhi kshatr dharm ka tyag nahian kar sakata-yah mera dharan kiya hua vrat hai. he parashuram ji! ap jo logoan ke samane b di diang haka karate haian ki ‘maianne bahut varshoan tak akele hi kshatriyoan ka anekoan bar (ikkis bar) sanhar kiya hai to usake liye bhi suniye- us samay bhishm ya bhishm ke saman koee kshatriy paida nahian hua tha. apane tinakoan par hi apana pratap dikhaya hai! kshatriyoan mean tejasvi to pichhe se prakat hue haian. he parashuram ji! is samay yuddh maian apake ghamand ko niahsandeh choorn kar dooanga.’ parashuram ji kupit ho gaye. yuddh chhi d gaya aur lagatar teees dinoan tak bhayanak yuddh hota raha, parantu parashuram ji bhishm ko parast n kar sake. akhir narad adi devarshiyoan ke aur bhishm janani shriganga ji ke prakat hokar bich mean p dane par tatha parashuram ji ke dhanush chho d dene par hi yuddh samapt hua. bhishm ne n to ran se pith dikhayi aur n pahale shastr ko hi chho da (maha., udyog. 185).
mahabharat ke atharah dinoan ke sangram mean das dinoan tak akele bhishm ji ne kaurav paksh ke senapatitv ke pad ko sushobhit kiya. shesh ath dinoan mean kee senapati badale. bhagavanh shrikrishn mahabharat-yuddh mean shastr n grahan karane ki pratijna ki thi. kahate haian ki bhishm ne kisi karanavash pran kar liya ki maian bhagavanh ko shastr grahan karava dooanga. mahabharat mean yah katha is roop mean n hone par bhi sooradas ne bhishm pratijna ka b da hi sundar varnan kiya hai-
aj jo harihi n shastr gahaooan.
tau lajau ganga janani ko, saantanu sut n kahaooan..
syandan khandi maharath khandauan, kapidhvaj sahit dulaooan. iti n karauan sapath mohi hari ki, kshatriy gatihi n paooan..
paandavadal sanamukh hai dhaooan, sarita rudhir bahaooan. sooradas ranabhoomi bijay bin, jiyat n pith dikhaooan..jo kuchh bhi ho; mahabharat mean likha hai- yuddh arambh ke tisare din bhishmapitamah ne jab b da hi prachand sangram kiya tab bhagavanh ne kupit hokar gho doan ki ras hath se chho d di aur soory ke saman prabhayukt apane chakr ko hath mean lekar use ghumate hue rath se kood p de. shrikrishn ko chakr hath mean liye hue dekhakar sab log ooanche svar se hahakar karane lage. bhagavanh pralay ki agni ke saman bhishm tanik bhi nahian dare aur avichalitabhav se apane dhanush ki dori ko bajate hue kahane lage- he devadev! he jagannivas! he madhav! he chakrapani! padhariye. maian apako pranam karata hooan. he sabako sharan dene vale! mujhe balapoorvak is shreshth rath se niche gira dijiye. he shrikrishn! aj apake hath se mare jane par mera is lok aur paralok mean b da kalyan hoga. he yadunath! ap svayan mujhe marane dau de, isase mera gaurav tinoan lokoan mean badh gaya.’ arjun ne dau dakar pichhe se bhagavanh ke pair pak d liye aur kisi tarah unhean lautaya (maha., bhishm. 59).
navean din ki bat hai, bhagavanh ne dekha-bhishm ne pandav sena mean pralay-sa macha rakha hai. bhagavanh gho doan ki ras chho dakar ko da hath mean liye phir bhishm ki or dau de. bhagavanh ke tej se pag-pag par mano prithvi phatane lagi. kaurav paksh ke vir ghab da uthe aur bhishm mare! bhishm mare! kahakar chillane lage. hathi par jhapatate hue sianh ki bhaanti bhagavanh ko apani or ate jane par- yuddhasthal mean sharir par bhari-se-bhari chot lag jane par, apane putr-pautradi ke mar jane par, sarvasv ka nash ho jane par ya isi tarah any kisi prakar vipatti a p dane par bhi vyakul ki bhari-se-bhari hona aur apane kartavy palan se kabhi vichalit n hokar nyayanukool kartavyapalan-dekhakar bhishm tanik bhi vichalit n hue aur unhoanne dhanush khianchakar kaha-
ehyohi pundarikaksh devadev pamoastu te. mamady sattvat shreshth patayasv mahahave..
tvaya hi dev sangrame hatasyapi mamanagh. shrey ev paran krishn loke bhavati sarvatah..
sambhavitoasmi govind trailokyenady sanyuge. praharasv yatheshtan vai dasoasmi tav chanagh.. (maha., bhishm. 106. 64-66)‘he pundarikaksh! he devadev! apako namaskar hai. he yadav shreshth! aiye, aiye, aj is mahayuddh mean mera vadh karake mujhe viragati dijiye. he anagh! he devadev shrikrishn! aj apake hath se marane par mera lok mean sarvatha kalyan ho jayega. he govind! yuddh mean apake is vyavahar dvara aj mean tribhuvan se sammanit ho gaya. he nishpap! maian apaka das hooan, ap mujh par ji bharakar prahar kijiye!’
arjun ne dau dakar bhagavanh ke hath pak d liye, par bhagavanh ruke nahian aur unhean ghasitate hue age badhe. ant mean arjun ke pratijna ki yad dilane aur saty ki shapath khakar bhishm ko marane ki pratijna karane par bhagavanh laute. das din mahayuddh karane par jab bhishm mrityu ki bat soch rahe the, tab akash mean sthit rrishiyoan aur vasuoan ne bhishm se kaha- ‘he tat! tum jo soch rahe ho vahi hamean pasand hai.; isake bad shikhandi ke samane ban n chalane ke karan balabrahmachari bhishm arjun ke banoan se biandhakar shar-shayya par gir p de. girate samay bhishm ne soory ko dakshinayan mean dekha, isaliye unhoanne pran tyag nahian kiya. ganga ji ne maharshiyoan ko hansaroop mean unake pas bheja. bhishm ne kaha ki ‘maian uttarayan soory ane tak jivit rahooanga aur upayukt samay par hi pran tyag karooanga.; bhishm ke sharir mean do aangul bhi aisi jagah n bachi thi jahaan arjun ke ban n biandh gaye hoan (maha., bhishm. 119). sirph unaka sir niche latak raha tha. unhoanne takiya maanga. duryodhan adi badhiya komal takiye lekar dau de aye. bhishm ne hansakar kaha- ‘viro! ye takiye virasharooya ke yogy nahian haian.’ ant mean arjun se kaha- ‘beta! mere yogy takiya do!’ arjun ne tin ban unake mastak ke niche is prakar mare ki sir ooancha uth gaya aur ve ban takiye ka kam dene lage. is par bhishm b de prashann hue aur kaha-
evamev mahabaho dharmeshu paritishthata. svaptavyan kshatriyenajau sharatalpagaten vai.. (maha., bhishm 120. 49)
‘he mahabaho! kshatradharm mean dridhatapoorvak sthit rahane vale kshatriyoan ko ranaangan mean pranatyag karate samay shar-shayya par isi prakar sona chahiye.’ bhishm ji banoan se ghayal shar-shayya par p de the. yah dekhakar ban nikalane vale kushal shastravaidy bulaye gaye. is par bhishm ji ne kaha ki mujhako to kshatriyoan ki paramagati mil chuki hai, ab in chikitsakoan ki kya avashyakata hai? (maha., bhishm. 120)
ghav ke karan bhishm ko b di pi da ho rahi thi. unhoanne thanda pani maanga. log gh doan mean thanda pani le-lekar dau de. bhishm ne kaha ‘maian shar-shayya par let raha hooan. aur uttarayan ki bat dekh raha hooan. ap mere liye kya le aye?’ ant mean arjun ko bulakar kaha- ‘beta! mera muanh sookh raha hai. tum samarth ho, pani pilao!’ arjun ne rath par savar hokar gandiv par pratyancha chadhayi aur bhishm ki dahini aur prithvi mean parjanyastr mara. usi kshan vahaan se amrit ke saman sugandhit aur uttam jal ki dhara nikali aur bhishm ke muanh mean girane lagi. bhishm ji us jal ko pikar tript ho gaye (maha., bhishm. 121). mahabharat-yuddh samapt ho jane ke bad yudhishthir shrikrishn maharaj ko sath lekar bhishm ke pas gaye. sab b de-b de brahmavetta rrishi-muni vahaan upasthit the. bhishm ne bhagavanh ko dekhakar pranam aur stavan kiya. shrikrishn ne bhishm se kaha ki ‘uttarayan ane mean abhi der hai’ itane mean apane dharmashastr ka jo jnan sampadan kiya hai, vah yudhishthir ko sunakar inake shok ko door kijiye.’ bhishm ne kaha-‘ prabho! mera sharir banoan ke ghavoan se vyakul ho raha hai, man-buddhi chanchal hai, bolane ki shakti nahian hai, bar-bar moorchchha ati hai, keval apaki kripa se ab tak ji raha hooan; phir ap jagadaguru ke samane maian shishy yadi kuchh kahooan to vah bhi avanay hi hai. mujhase bola nahian jata, kshama karean.’ prem se chhalakati huee aankhoan se bhagavanh gadgad hokar bole- ‘bhishm! tumhari glani, moorchha, dah, vyatha, kshudhaklesh aur moh-sab meri kripa se abhi nasht ho jayange; tumhare antahkaran mean sab prakar ke jnan ki sphurana hogi; tumhari buddhi nishchayatmika ho jayegi; tumhara man nity sattvagun mean sthir ho jayaga; tum dharm ya jis kisi bhi vidya ka chintan karoge, unako tumhari buddhi batane lagegi.’ shrikrishn ne phir kaha ki ‘maian svayan isiliye upadesh n karake tumase karavata hooan jisase mere bhakt ki kirti aur yash badhe!’ bhagavatprasad se bhishm ke sharir ki sari vedanaean usi samay nasht ho gayian, unaka antahkaran savadhan aur buddhi sarvatha jagrat ho gayi. brahmachary, anubhav, jnan aur bhagavadakti ke pratap se agadh jnani bhishm jis prakar das dinoan tak ran mean tarun utsah se jhoome the, usi prakar ke utsah se yudhishthir ko dharm ke sab aangoan ka poori tarah upadesh diya aur unake shok-santapt hriday ko shant kar diya (maha., shanti. aur anushasanaparv). atthavan din shar-shayya par rahane ke bad soory ke uttarayan hone par bhishm ne pranatyag ka nishchay kiya aur unhoanne bhagavanh shrikrishn se kaha- ‘he bhagavanh! he devadevesh! he surasuroan ke dvara vandit! he trivikram! he shankh-chakragadadhari! maian apako pranam karata hooan. he vasudev! hiranyatma, param purush savita, virath, jivaroop, anuroop paramatma aur sanatan ap hi haian. he pundarikaksh! he purushottam! ap mera uddhar kijiye. he shrikrishn! he vaikunth! he purushottam! ab mujhe jane ke liye ajna dijiye! maianne mandabuddhi duryodhan ko bahut samajhaya tha-yatah krishnastato dharmo yato dharmastato jayah. ‘jahaan shrikrishn haian, vahian dharm hai aur jahaan dharm hai, vahian vijay hai’, parantu us moorkh ne meri bat nahian mani. maian apako pahachanata hooan, ap hi puranapurush haian. ap narayan hi avatirn hue haian.
s maan tvamanujanihi krishn mokshye kalevaramh. tvayahan samanujnato gachchheyan paramaan gatimh.. (maha., anu. 167. 45)
‘he shrikrishn! ap mujhe ajna dijiye ki mean sharir tyag karooan. apaki ajna se shasharir tyagakar maian paramagati ko tyag karooanga!’ bhagavanh ne ajna di, tab bhishm ne yog ke dvara vayu ko rokakar kramashah pranoan ko oopar chadhana arambh kiya pranavayu jis aang ko chho dakar oopar chadhata tha; us aang ke ban usi kshan nikal jate aur ghav bhar jate the kshan bhar mean bhishm ji ke sharir se sab ban nikal gaye, sharir par ek bhi ghav n raha aur pran brahmarandhr ko bhedakar oopar chale gaye. logoan ne dekha, brahmarandhr se nikala hua tej dekhate-dekhate akash mean vilin ho gaya.
- ↑ maha., dron. 49. 22
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