भगवद्गीता -राधाकृष्णन पृ. 19

bhagavadgita -d aau. sarvepalli radhakrishnan

5.guru krishn

vyakti ke roop mean krishn un karo doan roopoan mean se ek hai, jinake dvara vishvatma apane-ap ko prakat karata hai. gita ke lekhak ne aitihasik krishn ka ullekh usake shishy arjun ke sath-sath anek roopoan mean se ek roop ke taur par kiya hai.^[1]avatar manushy ke adhyatmik sadhanoan aur prasupt divyata ka pradarshan hai. yah divy gaurav ka manaviy rooparekha ki simaoan mean sankuchit ho jana utana nahian hai, jitana ki manaviy prakriti ka bhagavan ke sath ekakar hokar eeshvaratv ke star tak ooancha uth jana.
parantu eeshvaravadiyoan ka kathan hai ki krishn ek avatar hai arthat brahm ka manaviy roop mean avataran. yadyapi bhagavan janm nahian leta ya usamean koee parivartan nahian hota, phir bhi vah bahut bar janm le chuka hai. krishn vishnu ka manaviy sakshat roop hai. vah bhagavan hai, jo sansar ko aisa pratit hota hai, mano usane janm le liya hai aur sharir dharan kar liya hai.^[2]divy brahm dvara manaviy svabhav ko aangikar kar lene se brahm ki akhandata samapt nahian hoti aur n usamean koee vriddhi hi hoti hai, thik usi prakar jaise sansar ke srijan se brahm ki akhandata par koee prabhav nahian p data. srishti aur avatar donoan ka sambandh vyakt jagat se hai, paramatma se nahian.^[3]
yadi asim paramatma sada simit astitvoan mean prakat rahata hai, to usaka kisi ek vishisht samay mean vishesh roop se aur kisi ek manaviy svabhav ko grahan karake prakat hona usi gatividhi ko svechchhapoorvak poorn karana-bhar hai, jisake dvara daiviy prachurata svatantratapoorvak apane-ap ko poorn karata hai aur sasim ki or jhukati rahati hai. isake phalasvaroop usake alava koee nee samasya kh di nahian hoti, jo srishti ke karan kh di hoti hai. yadi koee manav-sharir paramatma ki moorti ke roop mean gadha ja sakata hai, yadi avartanashil oorja ki samagri mean naye namoone rache ja sakata haian, yadi in ritiyoan se shashvatata ko anukramikata mean samavisht kiya ja sakata hai, to divy vastavikata (brahm) apane astitv ke param svaroop ko ek poornataya manaviy sharir ke roop mean aur us manaviy sharir ke dvara prakat kar sakati hai. madhyakalin darshanik dharm-vijnaniyoan ne hamean bataya hai ki paramatma sab praniyoan mean ‘sar, sannidhy aur shakti dvara’ vidyaman rahata hai. param, asim, svatah vidyaman aur avikary ka sasim manav-prani ke sath, jo saansarik vyavastha mean phansa hua hai, sambandh kalpanatit roop se ghanishth hai, halaanki is sambandh ki paribhasha kar pana aur usaka spashtikaran kar pana kathin hai. un mahan atmaoan ko, jinhean ham avatar kahate haian, paramatma, jo manav ke astitv aur gaurav ke lie uttaradayi hai, is astitv aur gaurav ko ashcharyajanak roop se navin roop de deta hai. avataroan mean us sanatan ka, jo vishv ki pratyek ghatana mean vidyaman hai, anukramikata mean pravesh ek gambhiratar arth mean prakat hota hai.

tika tippani aur sandarbh

↑ 10, 37
↑ shankarachary ne likha haiah s ch bhagavanh jnanaishvaryashaktibalaviryatejobhiah sada sampannah trigunatmikaan vaishnavian svaan mayaan moolaprakritian vashikrity ajoavyayo bhootanamishvaro nityashuddhabuddhamuktasvabhavoapi sanh svamayaya dehavanh iv jat iv lokanugrahan kurvanniv lakshyate. ‘aanshen sambabhoov’ ka arth yah nahian hai ki krishn bhagavan ke aansh se utpann hua hai ya vah bhagavan ka aanshavatar hai. anandagiri ne ‘aanshen’ ki vyakhya karate hue yah arth nikala hai ki “apani ichchha se rache ge tattvik roop mean,” svechchhanirmiten mayamayen svaroopen. jahaan aposal-sampraday mean paramatma ke putr ki manaviy prakriti par zor diya gaya hai, “jisaka garbhadhan pavitr atma ne kiya tha, jise kumari meri ne janm diya tha, jisane pauntiyas pailet ke adhin kasht sahe, jise kr aaus par chadhaya gaya tha, jo mara tha aur jis dafanaya gaya tha,” vahaan naisin sampraday ne itani bat aur jo d di hai ki “vah svarg se niche aya aur sharir ban gaya.” yah ‘niche ana ya ‘paramatma ka utarakar sharir dharan kar lena’ hi avatar hai.
↑ hookar se tulana kijieah paramatma ka manushy ke sath vah stuty sammilan us uchchatar svabhav mean koee parivartan utpann nahian kar sakata; kyoanki paramatma ke lie aur koee bhi vastu itani svabhavik nahian hai, jitana ki usaka kisi bhi parivartan ka vishay n banana.” aikliziyestikal p aauliti (1888 ka sanskaran) khand, 2, pri. 234

sanbandhit lekh

bhagavadgita -radhakrishnan
adhyay	adhyay ka nam	prishth sankhya

	parichay	1
1.	arjun ki duvidha aur vishad	63
2.	saankhy-siddhant aur yog ka abhyas	79
3.	karmayog ya kary ki paddhati	107
4.	jnanamarg	124
5.	sachcha sannyas	143
6.	sachcha yog	152
7.	eeshvar aur jagat	168
8.	vishv ke vikas ka kram	176
9.	bhagavan apani srishti se b da hai	181
10.	paramatma sabaka mool hai; use jan lena sab-kuchh jan lena hai	192
11.	bhagavan ka divy roopantar	200
12.	vyaktik bhagavan ki pooja parabrahm ki upasana ki apeksha	211
13.	sharir kshetr hai, atma kshetrajn hai; aur in donoan mean antar	215
14.	sab vastuoan aur praniyoan ka rahasyamay janak	222
15.	jivan ka vriksh	227
16.	daiviy aur asuriy man ka svabhav	231
17.	dharmik tattv par lagoo kie ge tinoan gun	235
18.	nishkarsh	239
19.	aantim prishth	254

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

a a i ee u oo e ai o au aan k kh g gh n ch chh j jh n t th d dh n t th d dh n p ph b bh m y r l v sh sh s h ksh tr jn rri rri aau shr aah

[1] 10, 37

[2] shankarachary ne likha haiah s ch bhagavanh jnanaishvaryashaktibalaviryatejobhiah sada sampannah trigunatmikaan vaishnavian svaan mayaan moolaprakritian vashikrity ajoavyayo bhootanamishvaro nityashuddhabuddhamuktasvabhavoapi sanh svamayaya dehavanh iv jat iv lokanugrahan kurvanniv lakshyate. ‘aanshen sambabhoov’ ka arth yah nahian hai ki krishn bhagavan ke aansh se utpann hua hai ya vah bhagavan ka aanshavatar hai. anandagiri ne ‘aanshen’ ki vyakhya karate hue yah arth nikala hai ki “apani ichchha se rache ge tattvik roop mean,” svechchhanirmiten mayamayen svaroopen. jahaan aposal-sampraday mean paramatma ke putr ki manaviy prakriti par zor diya gaya hai, “jisaka garbhadhan pavitr atma ne kiya tha, jise kumari meri ne janm diya tha, jisane pauntiyas pailet ke adhin kasht sahe, jise kr aaus par chadhaya gaya tha, jo mara tha aur jis dafanaya gaya tha,” vahaan naisin sampraday ne itani bat aur jo d di hai ki “vah svarg se niche aya aur sharir ban gaya.” yah ‘niche ana ya ‘paramatma ka utarakar sharir dharan kar lena’ hi avatar hai.

[3] r se tulana kijieah paramatma ka manushy ke sath vah stuty sammilan us uchchatar svabhav mean koee parivartan utpann nahian kar sakata; kyoanki paramatma ke lie aur koee bhi vastu itani svabhavik nahian hai, jitana ki usaka kisi bhi parivartan ka vishay n banana.” aikliziyestikal p aauliti (1888 ka sanskaran) khand, 2, pri. 234

[1]

[2]

[3]

**svar (Vowels)**
a	a	a	aa	i	i
ee	ee,ii,I	u	u	oo	oo, uu,U
e	e	ai	ai,ei	o	o
au	au,ou	aan	a^	aah	a:,aH
aॅ	A	aau	O	rri	Ria

**vyanjan (Consonants)**
k	ka,ca	kh	kha	g	ga
gh	gha	n	Nga	ch	cha
chh	chha	j	ja	jh	jha
n	Nja	t	Ta	th	Tha
d	Da	dh	Dha	n	Na
t	ta	th	tha	d	da
dh	dha	n	na	p	pa
ph	pha,fa	b	ba	bh	bha
m	ma	y	ya	r	ra
l	la	v	va,wa	sh	sha
sh	Sha	s	sa	h	ha
ksh	xa,kSha	tr	tra	jn	Gya, jNja
d	D_a	dh	Dh_a	jn	Gya, jNja

**nuqte**
q	qa	kh	Kha	g	Ga
	z	za	f	Fa

**matra (Matras)**
a	aa	i	i	i	ee,ii,I
u	u	oo	oo,uu	ri	R
e	e	ai	ai,ei	o	o
au	au,ou	ॅ	A	aau	O