भगवद्गीता -राधाकृष्णन पृ. 10

bhagavadgita -d aau. sarvepalli radhakrishnan

4.sarvochch vastavikata

brihadaranyak upanishad ka kathan haiah ”jahaan pratyek vastu vastutah svayan atma hi ban gee hai, vahaan kaun kisaka vichar kare aur kisake dvara vichar kare? sarvabhaum jnata ka jnan ham kis vastu ke dvara prapt kar sakate haian?”^[1] is prakar tarkamoolak vichar ki jnata aur jney ke bich ki dvait ki bhavana se oopar utha jata hai. vah shashvat (brahm) itana asim roop se vastavik hai ki ham use ek ka nam dene ki bhi himmat nahian kar sakate, kyoanki ek hona bhi ek aisi dharana hai, jo laukik anubhav (vyavahar) se li gee hai. us paramatma ke sambandh mean ham keval itana kah sakate haian ki vah advait hai.^[2] aur usaka jnan tab prapt hota hai, jabaki sab dvait us sarvochch ekata mean vilin ho jate haian. upanishadoan mean usaka nakaratmak varnan diya gaya hai ki brahm yah nahian hai, yah nahian hai(neti neti). “vah snayurahit hai; vah kisi shastr se viddh nahian hai aur use pap chhoota nahian hai.”^[3]“usaki koee chhaya ya kalima nahian hai. usake andar ya bahar jaisi vastu kuchh nahian hai.”^[4] bhagavadgita mean anek sthanoan par upanishadoan ke is drishtikon ka samarthan kiya gaya hai. bhagavan ko ‘avyakt, achinty aur avikary’ bataya gaya hai.^[5] 'vah n sath hai aur n asath.'^[6]bhagavanh ke lie paraspar-virodhi visheshan yah soochit karane ke lie prayukt kie ge haian ki us par anubhavagamy dharanaean lagoo nahian ki ja sakatian.“vah gati nahian karata aur phir bhi vah gati karata hai. vah bahut door hai, par phir bhi pas hai.”^[7]in visheshanoan se bhagavan ka duhara svaroop samane ata hai. ek to usaka sath (astitvamay) svaroop aur ek nam-roopamay svaroop. vah ‘para’ arthat lokatit hai aur ‘apara’ arthat antarvh‍yapi hai; sansar ke andar aur bahar donoan jagah vidyaman hai.^[8]
parabrahm ki avaiyaktikata usaka sampoorn mahattv nahian hai. upanishadoan mean divy gatividhi aur prakriti mean ag lene ki pushti ki gee hai aur hamare sammukh ek aise paramatma ka roop prastut kiya gaya hai, jo keval asim aur keval sasim se kahian adhik hai.

tika tippani aur sandarbh

↑ 2, 4, 12-14
↑ ‘kularnav-tantr’ se tulana kijieah

advaitan kechidichchhanti dvaitamichchhanti chapare.
mam tattvan vijananto dvaitadvaitavivarjitamh॥

kuchh sanskaranoan mean ‘vijananto’ ke sthan par ‘n jananti’ path hai.
↑ eeshopanishadh 8. bhagavan,tadh ekamh, nirgun aur nirvishesh hai; “vah n to vidyaman hai aur n avidyaman.” rrigved, 10, 129. madhyamik bauddh param vastavikata ko khali ya shoony kahate haian, jisase kahian use koee any nam dekar ve use bhramavash simit n kar baithean. unaki drishti mean yah vah vastu haian, jisaka jnan tab hoga, jabaki sab virodhi vastuean sarvochch ekata mean vilin ho jaeangi. sent j aaun aauph demaskas se tulana kijieah “yah kah pana asambhav hai ki paramath‍ma apane-ap mean kya hai aur usake vishay mean is dhang se varnan kar pana adhik sahi hai ki any sab vastuoan ka varjan kar diya jae. vastutah vah apane-ap hone ke alava aur kuchh bhi nahian hai.”
↑ brihadaranyak upanishad 3, 8, 8. mahabharat mean bhagavan jo ki achary hai, narad ko batata hai ki usaka vastavik roop “dekha nahian ja sakata, sooangha nahian ja sakata, chhua nahian ja sakata; vah gunoan se rahit hai, aangoan se rahit hai, ajat (jo utpann nahian hua) hai, shashvat hai, nity hai aur nishkarm hai.” dekhie shanti parv 339, 21-38. "yah ajnan ka badal hai” ya jise eriyopegait ne ‘atyant diptiman aandhakar’ kaha hai ya aikahart ke shabdoan mean, “divyata ka ni:shabd marusthal…jo thik thik koee astitv nahian hai.” aiangelas silesiyas se tulana kijie: “ paramatma keval kuchh nahian hai. usaka sambandh na is kal se aur na is sthan se hai.” plautinas se bhi tulana kijie: “ vah sabaka janak hote hue bhi un sab mean se koi nahian hai. n vah vastu hai, n gun, n buddhi, n atma; vah n gati mean hai, n sthirata mean hai, n desh mean hai, n kal mean hai; vah apani paribhasha ap hi hai. usaka svaroop nirala hi hai ya aur thik kaha jae to vah roopahin hai; vah usase pahale vidyaman tha, jab roop ya gati ya vishram utpann hua. ye sab vastuean astitv se sambandhit haian aur astitv ko bahuvidh banati haian.” (ainids, maikkaina-krit aangrezi anuvad 6,9).
↑ 2, 25
↑ 13, 12; 13, 15-17.
↑ eeshopanishadh 5. sath hi dekhie mundakopanishadh 2, 1, 6-8; kathopanishadh 2, 14; brihadaranyak upanishadh 2, 37; shvetashvatar upanishadh 3, 17
↑ bahirantashch bhootanamh. 13, 15

sanbandhit lekh

bhagavadgita -radhakrishnan
adhyay	adhyay ka nam	prishth sankhya

	parichay	1
1.	arjun ki duvidha aur vishad	63
2.	saankhy-siddhant aur yog ka abhyas	79
3.	karmayog ya kary ki paddhati	107
4.	jnanamarg	124
5.	sachcha sannyas	143
6.	sachcha yog	152
7.	eeshvar aur jagat	168
8.	vishv ke vikas ka kram	176
9.	bhagavan apani srishti se b da hai	181
10.	paramatma sabaka mool hai; use jan lena sab-kuchh jan lena hai	192
11.	bhagavan ka divy roopantar	200
12.	vyaktik bhagavan ki pooja parabrahm ki upasana ki apeksha	211
13.	sharir kshetr hai, atma kshetrajn hai; aur in donoan mean antar	215
14.	sab vastuoan aur praniyoan ka rahasyamay janak	222
15.	jivan ka vriksh	227
16.	daiviy aur asuriy man ka svabhav	231
17.	dharmik tattv par lagoo kie ge tinoan gun	235
18.	nishkarsh	239
19.	aantim prishth	254

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

a a i ee u oo e ai o au aan k kh g gh n ch chh j jh n t th d dh n t th d dh n p ph b bh m y r l v sh sh s h ksh tr jn rri rri aau shr aah

[1] 2, 4, 12-14

[2] ‘kularnav-tantr’ se tulana kijieah

advaitan kechidichchhanti dvaitamichchhanti chapare.
mam tattvan vijananto dvaitadvaitavivarjitamh॥

kuchh sanskaranoan mean ‘vijananto’ ke sthan par ‘n jananti’ path hai.

[3] shopanishadh 8. bhagavan,tadh ekamh, nirgun aur nirvishesh hai; “vah n to vidyaman hai aur n avidyaman.” rrigved, 10, 129. madhyamik bauddh param vastavikata ko khali ya shoony kahate haian, jisase kahian use koee any nam dekar ve use bhramavash simit n kar baithean. unaki drishti mean yah vah vastu haian, jisaka jnan tab hoga, jabaki sab virodhi vastuean sarvochch ekata mean vilin ho jaeangi. sent j aaun aauph demaskas se tulana kijieah “yah kah pana asambhav hai ki paramath‍ma apane-ap mean kya hai aur usake vishay mean is dhang se varnan kar pana adhik sahi hai ki any sab vastuoan ka varjan kar diya jae. vastutah vah apane-ap hone ke alava aur kuchh bhi nahian hai.”

[4] rihadaranyak upanishad 3, 8, 8. mahabharat mean bhagavan jo ki achary hai, narad ko batata hai ki usaka vastavik roop “dekha nahian ja sakata, sooangha nahian ja sakata, chhua nahian ja sakata; vah gunoan se rahit hai, aangoan se rahit hai, ajat (jo utpann nahian hua) hai, shashvat hai, nity hai aur nishkarm hai.” dekhie shanti parv 339, 21-38. "yah ajnan ka badal hai” ya jise eriyopegait ne ‘atyant diptiman aandhakar’ kaha hai ya aikahart ke shabdoan mean, “divyata ka ni:shabd marusthal…jo thik thik koee astitv nahian hai.” aiangelas silesiyas se tulana kijie: “ paramatma keval kuchh nahian hai. usaka sambandh na is kal se aur na is sthan se hai.” plautinas se bhi tulana kijie: “ vah sabaka janak hote hue bhi un sab mean se koi nahian hai. n vah vastu hai, n gun, n buddhi, n atma; vah n gati mean hai, n sthirata mean hai, n desh mean hai, n kal mean hai; vah apani paribhasha ap hi hai. usaka svaroop nirala hi hai ya aur thik kaha jae to vah roopahin hai; vah usase pahale vidyaman tha, jab roop ya gati ya vishram utpann hua. ye sab vastuean astitv se sambandhit haian aur astitv ko bahuvidh banati haian.” (ainids, maikkaina-krit aangrezi anuvad 6,9).

[5] 2, 25

[6] 13, 12; 13, 15-17.

[7] shopanishadh 5. sath hi dekhie mundakopanishadh 2, 1, 6-8; kathopanishadh 2, 14; brihadaranyak upanishadh 2, 37; shvetashvatar upanishadh 3, 17

[8] rantashch bhootanamh. 13, 15

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[2]

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[8]

**svar (Vowels)**
a	a	a	aa	i	i
ee	ee,ii,I	u	u	oo	oo, uu,U
e	e	ai	ai,ei	o	o
au	au,ou	aan	a^	aah	a:,aH
aॅ	A	aau	O	rri	Ria

**vyanjan (Consonants)**
k	ka,ca	kh	kha	g	ga
gh	gha	n	Nga	ch	cha
chh	chha	j	ja	jh	jha
n	Nja	t	Ta	th	Tha
d	Da	dh	Dha	n	Na
t	ta	th	tha	d	da
dh	dha	n	na	p	pa
ph	pha,fa	b	ba	bh	bha
m	ma	y	ya	r	ra
l	la	v	va,wa	sh	sha
sh	Sha	s	sa	h	ha
ksh	xa,kSha	tr	tra	jn	Gya, jNja
d	D_a	dh	Dh_a	jn	Gya, jNja

**nuqte**
q	qa	kh	Kha	g	Ga
	z	za	f	Fa

**matra (Matras)**
a	aa	i	i	i	ee,ii,I
u	u	oo	oo,uu	ri	R
e	e	ai	ai,ei	o	o
au	au,ou	ॅ	A	aau	O