gita rahasy athava karmayog shastr -bal gangadhar tilak
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paanchavaan prakaran
sukhaduahkhavivek .
sukhamatyantikan yattath buddhigrahyamatiandriyamh. [1] [2]
hamare shastrakaroan ko yah siddhaant many hai ki pratyek manushy sukh- prapti ke liye, prapt- sukh ki vriddhi ke liye, duahkh ko talane ya kam karane ke liye hi sadaiv prayatn kiya karata hai. bhriguji bharadvaj se shantiparv[3] mean kahate haian ki “ih khalu amushmishch loke vastupravrittayah sukharthamabhidhiyante. n hatah paran trivargaphalan vishishtataramasti’’ arthat is lok tatha paralok mean sari pravriti keval sukh ke liye hai aur dharm, arth evan kam ka isake atirikt koee any phal nahian hai. parantu shastrakaroan ka kathan hai ki manushy, yah n samajh kar ki sachcha sukh kisamean hai, mithya sukh hi ko saty sukh man baithata hai; aur is asha se ki aj nahi to kal sukh avashy milega, vah apani ayu ke din vyatit kiya karata haianan. itane mean, ek din mrityu ke jhapete mean p d kar vah is sansar ko chho d kar chal basata hai. parantu usake udaharan se any log savadhan hone ke badale usi ka anukaran karate rahate haianan. is prakar yah bhav-chakr chal raha hai, aur koee manushy sachche aur nity sukh ka vichar nahian karata. is vishay mean poorvi aur pashchimi tattvajnaniyoan mean b da hi matabhed hai, ki yah sansar keval duahkhamay hai, ya sukhapradhan athava duahkhapradhan hai. parantu in pakshavaloan mean se sabhi ko yah bat many hai, ki manushy ka kalyan duahkh ka atyant nivaran karake atyant sukh-prapti karane hi mean hai. ‘sukh’ shabd ke badale prayah ‘hit’ ‘shrey’‘aur’ ‘kalyan’ shabdoan ka adhik upayog hua karata hai ; inaka bhed age batalaya jayaga. yadi yah man liya jay ki ‘sukh’ shabd mean hi sab prakar ke sukh aur kalyan ka samavesh ho jata hai, to samanyatah kaha ja sakata hai ki pratyek manushy ka prayatn keval sukh ke liye hua bharatantargat parasharagita [4] mean diya gaya hai, ki “yadishtan tatsukhan prahuah dveshy duahkhamiheshyate’’- jo kuchh hamean isht hai vahi sukh hai aur jisaka ham dvesh karate haian arthat jo hamean nahian chahiye vahi duahkh hai- use shastr ki drishti se poorn nirdosh nahian kah sakate; kyoanki is vyakhya ke anusar ‘isht’ shabd ka arth isht vastu ya padarth bhi ho sakata hai; aur, is arth ko manane se isht padarth ko bhi sukh kahana p dega. udaharanarth, pyas lagane par pani isht hota hai, parantu is bahy padarth ‘pani’ ko ‘sukh’ nahian kah sakate. yadi aisa hoga to nadi ke pani mean doobane vale ke bare mean kahana p dega ki vah sukh mean dooba hua hai. sach bat yah hai ki pani pine se jo indriy ki tripti hoti hai use sukh kahate haian. isamean sandeh nahian ki manushy is indriy-tripti ya sukh ko chahata hai; parantu isase yah vyapak siddhaant nahian bataya ja sakata, ki jis jisaki chah hoti hai vah sab sukh hi hai. isiliye naiyyayikoan ne sukh-duahkh ko vedana kah kar unaki vyakhya is tarah se ki hai"anukoolavedaniyan sukhan" jo vedana hamare anukool hai vah sukh hai aur “pratikoolavedaniyan duahkhan’’ jo vedana hamare pratikool hai vah duahkh hai. |
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ jo keval buddhi se grahy ho aur indriyoan se pare ho, use atyantik sukh kahate hai. ’’
- ↑ gita 6. 21.
- ↑ maha. sha. 190.9
- ↑ m.bha. sha. 295.27
sanbandhit lekh
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