gita rahasy athava karmayog shastr -bal gangadhar tilak
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paanchavaan prakaran
pashu-dharm se hone vale sukh mean aur manavi sukh mean jo kuchh visheshata ya vilakshanata hai vah yahi hai; aur yah atmanand keval bahy upadhiyoan par kabhi nirbhar n hone ke karan sab sukhoan mean nity, svatantr aur shreshth hai isi ko gita mean nirvan shanti kaha hai[1] aur yahi sthitaprajnoan ki brahmi avastha ki paramavadhi ka sukh hai.[2] ab is bat ka nirnay ho chuka, ki atma ki shanti ya sukh hi atyant shreshth hai aur vah atmavash hone ke karan sab logoan ko prapy bhi haian parantu yah pragat hai, ki yadyapi sab dhatuoan mean sona adhik moolyavan hai, tathapi keval sone se hi, loha ityadi any dhatuoan ke bina, jaise sansar ka kam nahian chal sakata; athava jaise keval shakkar se hi, bina namak ke, kam nahian chal sakata; usi tarah atmasukh ya shanti ko bhi samajhana chahiye. isamean sandeh nahian ki is shanti ke sath, sharir-dharan ke liye hi sahi, kuchh saansarik vastuoan ki avashyakata hai; aur isi abhipray se ashirvad ke sankalp mean keval “shaantirastu’’ n kah kar “shantiah pushtistushtishrastu’’- shanti ke sath pushti aur tushti bhi chahiye, kahane ki riti hai. yadi shastrakaroan ki yah samajh hoti, ki keval shaanti se hi trishti ho ja sakati hai, to is sankalp mean ‘pushti’ shabd ko vyarth ghuse d dene ki koee avashyakata nahian thi. parantu isaka yah matalab nahian hai ki pushti arthat aihik sukhoan ki vriddhi ke liye rat din hay hay karate raho. ukt sankalp ka bhavarth yahi hai ki tumhean shanti, pushti aur trishti (santosh) tinoan uchit pariman se milean aur inaki prapti ke liye tumhean yatn bhi karana chahiye. kathorupanishad ka bhi yahi tatpary hai. nachiketa jab mrityu ke arthat yam ke lok mean gaya tab yam ne usase kaha ki tum koee bhi tin var maang lo. us samay nachiketa ne ekadam yah var nahian maanga, ki mujhe brahmajnan ka upadesh karo; kintu usane kaha ki “mere pita mujh par aprasann haian isaliye pratham var am mujhe yahi dijiye ki ve mujh par prasann ho javean.’’ anantar usane doosara var maanga ki “mujhe atmavidya ka upadesh karo.’’ parantu jab yamaraj kahane lage ki is tisare var ke badale mean tujhe aur bhi adhik sampatti deta hooan, tab- arthat prey (sukh) ki prapti ke liye avashyak yajn adi karmo ka jnan prapt ho jane par usi ki adhik asha n karake- nachiketa ne is bat ka agrah kiya, ki “ab mujhe shrey (atyantik sukh) ki prapti kara dene vale brahmajnan ka hi upadesh karo.’’ saraansh yah hai ki is upanishad ke aantim mantr me jo varnan hai usake anusar ‘brahmavidya’ aur ‘yogavidhi’ (arthath yajn-yag adi karm) donoan ko prapt karake nachiketa mukt ho gaya hai[3]. isase jnan aur karm ka samuchchay hi is upanishad ka tatpary maloom hota hai. isi vishay par indr ki bhi ek katha hai. kaushitaki upanishad mean kaha gaya hai, ki indr to svayan brahmajnani tha hi, parantu usane pratardan ko bhi brahmajnan ka upadesh kiya tha. |
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh
| prakaran | nam | prishth sankhya |
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj