तुकाराम

tukaram
poora nam	tukaram
janm	sanvat 1665 vikrami (1608 ee.)
janm bhoomi	dehoo namak gram (dakshin).
mrityu	sanvat 1706 chaitr krishh‍n dvitiy.
abhibhavak	pita- boloji, mata- kanakabaee.
pati/patni	rakhumaee tatha jijaee.
karm bhoomi	bharat
bhasha	marathi
prasiddhi	sant kavi
nagarikata	bharatiy
any janakari	tukaram ji ke siddh upadesh ke adhikari bahut log the. chhatrapati shivaji tukaram ko apana guru banana chahate the, par unake niyat guru samarth ramadas haian, yah anh‍tardrishti se janakar tukaram ne unh‍hean unh‍hian ki sharan mean jane ka upadesh diya.

tukaram maharashtr ke ek mahan sant aur kavi the. ve tatkalin bharat mean chal rahe 'bhakti aandolan' ke pramukh stanbh the. unhean 'tukoba' bhi kaha jata hai. tukaram ko chaitany namak sadhu ne 'ramakrishn hari' mantr ka svapn mean upadesh diya tha. isake uparaant inhoanne 17 varsh sansar ko saman roop se upadesh dene mean vyatit kie. tukaram ke mukh se samay-samay par sahaj roop se parisphutit hone vali 'abhang' vani ke atirikt inaki any koee vishesh sahityik kriti upalabdh nahian hai. apane jivan ke uttarardh mean inake dvara gae ge tatha usi kshan inake shishyoan dvara likhe ge lagabhag 4000 'abhang' aj upalabdh haian. tukaram ne apani sadhak avastha mean sant jnaneshvar aur namadev, in poorvakalin santoan ke granthoan ka gaharaee tatha shraddha se adhyayan kiya tha.

parichay

tukaram ka janh‍m dakshin ke dehoo namak gram mean bhagavadh bhakh‍toan ke ek pavitr kul mean sanvat 1665 vikrami (1608 ee.) mean hua tha. inake mata-pita ka nam kanakabaee aur boloji tha. terah varsh ki avash‍tha mean inaka vivah ho gaya. vadhoo ka nam rakhumaee rakha gaya, par vivah ke bad maloom hua ki bahoo ko dame ki bimari hai. isaliye mata-pita ne turant hi inaka doosara vivah kar diya. doosari bahoo ka nam p da jijaee. tukaram ke do aur bhaee the, b de ka nam tha savaji aur chhote ka nam tha kanh‍haji.

grihasthi ka bhar tatha arthik sankat

boloji jab vriddh hue, tab unh‍hoanne apani ghar grihash‍thi aur apana kam-kaj apane b de putr ko sauanpana chaha, par ve virakh‍t the, at: tukaram ke oopar hi sara bhar a p da. us samay inaki avash‍tha satrah varsh ki thi. ye b di dakshata ke sath kam samh‍halane lage. char varsh tak silasila thik chala. isake bad tukaram par sankat-par-sankat ane lage. sabase pahale mata-pita ne sath chho da, jisase ye anath ho gaye. usake bad b de bhaee savaji ki sh‍tri ka dehanh‍t ho gaya, jisake karan mano savaji ka sara prapanchapash kat gaya aur ve poorn virakh‍t hokar tirthayatra karane chale gaye tatha udhar hi apana jivan bita diya. b de bhaee ka chhatr sir par n hone se tukaram ke kashh‍t aur bhi badh gaye. ghar-grihash‍thi ke kamoan se ab inaka bhi man uchatane laga. inaki is udasin vritti se labh uthakar inake jo karjadar the, unh‍hoanne rupaye dene ki kalh‍pana hi nahian ki aur jo pavanedar the, ve poora takaja karane lage. paitrik samh‍patti ash‍t-vh‍yash‍t ho gayi. parivar b da tha- do striyaan thian, ek bachh‍cha tha, chhota bhaee tha aur bahane thian. itane praniyoan ko kamakar khilane vale akele tukaram the, jinaka man-panchhi is prapanch-pianjar se u dakar bhagana chahata tha. inaki jo dukan thi, usase labh ke badale nukasan hi hone laga aur ye aur bhi doosaroan ke karjadar ban gaye. divala nikalane ki naubat a gayi.

ek bar ath‍miyoan ne sahayata dekar inaki bat rakhi. do-ek bar sasur ne bhi inaki sahayata ki, parantu inake ukh de pair phir nahian jame. parivarik saukhh‍y bhi inh‍hean nahian ke barabar tha- pahali sh‍tri to inaki b di saumh‍y thi, par doosari rat-din kich-kich lagaye rahati thi. ghar mean yah dasha aur bahar pavanedaroan ka takaja. akhir divala nikal hi gaya. tukaram ki sari sakh dhool mean mil gayi. inaka dil toot gaya. phir bhi ek bar himh‍mat karake mircha kharidakar use bechane ke liye ye koankan gaye. parantu vahaan bhi logoan ne inh‍hean khoob thaga. jo kuchh dam vasool hue the, unh‍hean bhi ek dhoort ne pital ke k de ko, jis par sone ka mulamh‍ma matr chadha tha, sona batalakar, usake badale mean le liya aur vah chamh‍pat ho gaya.

kshamashil aur sahishnu

tukaram b de hi kshamashil aur sahishh‍nu the. ek bar inake khet mean kuchh ganh‍ne pake the. ye unaka gatthar baandhakar la rahe the. rash‍te mean bachh‍che pichhe ho gaye. unh‍hoanne ganh‍ne maangane shuroo kiye. ye prasanh‍nata se dete gaye. anh‍t mean ek ganh‍na bacha usi ko lekar ve ghar aye. bhookhi path‍ni ko b da krodh aya. usane ganh‍na chhinakar inaki pith par de mara. ganh‍na toot gaya. ye hans p de. bole- "tum b di sadhh‍vi ho. ham donoan ke liye mujhe ganh‍ne ke do tuk de karane p date, tumane bina kahe hi kar diye." isase inaki kshamashilata ka pata lagata hai. ek bar jijaee ne apane nam se rukh‍ka likhakar inh‍hean do sau rupaye dilaye, jinase inh‍hoanne namak kharida aur dhaee sau rupaye banaye. parantu jh‍yoan hi unh‍hean lekar chale ki rash‍te mean ek dukhiya mila. use dekhakar inh‍hean daya a gayi aur sab rupaye use dekar nishchinh‍t ho gaye.

patni v putr ki mrityu

unh‍hian dinoan poona pranh‍t mean bhayankar akal p da. anh‍n-pani ke bina sahash‍troan manushh‍yoan ne t dap-t dapakar pran th‍yag diye. isake bad tukaram ki jh‍yeshh‍th path‍ni mar gayi aur sh‍tri ke pichhe inaka beta bhi chal basa. du:kh aur shok ki had ho gayi. du:kh ke is prachanh‍d davanal se tukaram vairagh‍y-kanchan hokar hi nikal sake. ab inh‍hoanne yogakshem ka sara bhar bhagavan par rakhakar bhagavadbhajan karane ka nishh‍chay kar liya. ghar mean jo kuchh rukh‍ke rakhe hue the, unamean se adhe to inh‍hoanne chhote bhaee ko de diye aur kaha- "dekho, bahutoan ke yahaan rakam p di huee hai. in rukh‍koan se tum chahe vasool karo ya jo kuchh bhi karo. tumh‍hari jivika tumh‍hare hath mean hai." isake bad tukaram ne baki adhe rukh‍koan ko apane vairagh‍y mean badhak samajha aur unh‍hean inh‍drayani ke dah mean pheank diya. ab inh‍hean kisi ki chinh‍ta nahian rahi.

bhajan-kirtan

tukaram bhagavadh bhajan mean, kirtan mean ya kahian ekanh‍t dhh‍yan mean hi pray: rahane lage. prat:kal nith‍yakarm se nivrith‍t hokar ye vitthal bhagavan ke mandir mean jate aur vahian poojapath tatha seva karate. vahaan se phir inh‍drayani ke us par kabhi bhaganath parvat par aur kabhi gonh‍da ya bharadara parvat par chadhakar vahian ekanh‍t mean 'jnaneshh‍vari' ya 'ekanathi bhagavat' ka parayan karate aur phir dinabhar nam-sh‍maran karate rahate. sandhh‍ya hone par gaanv mean lautakar harikirtan sunate, jisamean lagabhag adhi rat bit jati. isi samay inake ghar ka hi, shrivishh‍vamh‍bhar baba ka banavaya hua shrivitthalamandir bahut jirn-shirn ho gaya tha. usaki inh‍hoanne apane hathoan se maramh‍mat ki. is prakar ki kathin sadhanaoan ke phalash‍varoop tukaram ki chith‍tavritti akhanh‍d nam-sh‍maran mean lin hone lagi. bhagavadh kripa se kirtan karate samay inake mukh se 'abhang-vani' nikalane lagi. b de-b de vidvan brahman aur sadhu-sant inaki prakanh‍d jnanamayi kavitaoan ko inake mukh se sh‍phurit hote dekhakar inake charanoan mean nat hone lage.

bhagavan ke darshan

poona se nau mil door bagholi namak sh‍than mean ek ved-vedanh‍t ke prakanh‍d pandit tatha karmanishh‍th brahman rahate the. unako tukaram ki yah bat thik n janchi. tukaram jaise shoodr jati vale ke mukh se shruth‍yarthabodhak marathi abhang nikalean aur abrahman sab varnoan ke log use sant janakar manean tatha poojean, yah bat unh‍hean jara bhi pasand n ayi. unh‍hoanne dehoo ke hakim se tukaram ji ko dehoo chho dakar kahian chale jane ki ajna dilayi. is par tukaram pandit rameshh‍var bhatt ke pas gaye aur unase bole- "mere mukh se jo ye abhang nikalate haian, so bhagavan panh‍durang ki ajna se hi nikalate haian. ap brahman haian, eeshh‍varavat haian, apaki ajna hai to maian abhang banana chho d dooanga, par jo abhang ban chuke haian aur likhe rakhe haian, unaka kh‍ya karooan?" bhatt ji ne kaha- "unh‍hean nadi mean duba do." brahman ki ajna shirodhary kar tukaram ne dehoo lautakar aisa hi kiya. abhang ki sari bahiyaan inh‍drayani ke dah mean dubo di gayian. par vidvan brahmanoan ke dvara tukaram ke bhagavadpremodgar nishiddh mane jayean, isase tukaram ke hriday par b di chot lagi. unh‍hoanne anh‍n-jal th‍yag diya aur vitthal mandir ke samane ek shila par baith gaye ki ya to bhagavan hi mileange ya is jivan ka hi anh‍t hoga. is prakar hathile bhakt tukaram shripanh‍durang ke sakshat darshan ki lalasa lagaye, us shila par bina kuchh khaye-piye terah din aur terah rat p de rahe. anh‍t mean bhakh‍taparadhin bhagavan ka asan hila. tukaram ke hriday mean to ve the hi, ab ve balavesh dharan karake tukaram ke samaksh prakat ho gaye. tukaram unake charanoan mean gir p de. bhagavan ne unh‍hean donoan hathoan se uthakar chhati se laga liya. tath‍pashh‍chat bhagavan ne tukaram ko batalaya ki- "maianne tumh‍hare abhangoan ki bahiyoan ko inh‍drayani ke dah mean surakshit rakha tha. aj unh‍hean tumh‍hare bhakh‍toan ko de aya hooan." yah kahakar bhagavan phir tukaram ke hriday mean anh‍tardhan ho gaye.

is sagun sakshath‍kar ke pashh‍chat tukaram maharaj ka sharir pandrah varsh tak is bhootal par raha aur jab tak raha, tab tak inake mukh se satat amritavagh‍dhara ki varsha hoti rahi. inake sh‍vanubhavasiddh upadeshoan ko sun-sunakar log kritarth ho jate the. sab prakar ke log inake pas ate the aur sabhi ko ye adhikar anusar upadesh dete tatha sadhan batalate the. jis samay inh‍drayani mean abhangoan ki bahiyaan duba di gayi thian, usake kee dinoan bad ve hi pandit rameshh‍var bhatt poona mean shrinaganath ji ka darshan karane ja rahe the. rash‍te mean ve anagadhashah auliya ki bavali mean nahane ke liye utare. nahakar jo oopar aye to ekaek unake sare sharir mean bhayanak jalan paida ho gayi. ve rone-pitane aur chilh‍lane lage. shishh‍yoan ne bahut upachar kiya, par koee labh nahian hua. anh‍t mean jab jnaneshh‍var maharaj ne sh‍vaph‍n mean unh‍hean tukaram ki sharan jane ke liye kaha. tab ve dau dakar tukaram ji ki sharan gaye. is prakar rameshh‍var bhatt jaise prakanh‍d pandit, karmanishh‍th aur tejash‍vi brahman bhi tukaram ji ko mahath‍ma manakar unaka shishh‍y hone mean apana kalh‍yan aur gaurav manane lage. phir bhi tukaram ji pandit rameshh‍var bhatt ko devata janakar pranam karate the aur unh‍hean pranam karane se rokate the.

chhatrapati shivaji ki ichchha

tukaram maharaj ke siddh upadesh ke adhikari bahut log the. chhatrapati shivaji maharaj tukaram ji ko apana guru banana chahate the, par unake niyat guru samarth ramadas sh‍vami haian, yah anh‍tardrishti se janakar tukaram ne unh‍hean unh‍hian ki sharan mean jane ka upadesh diya. phir bhi shivaji maharaj inaki harikathaean barabar suna karate the.

dehatyag

tukaram maharaj ke jivan mean logoan ne anekoan chamath‍kar bhi dekhe. sanvat 1706 chaitr krishh‍n dvitiy ke din prat:kal tukaram maharaj is lok se vida ho gaye. unaka mrit sharir kisi ne nahian dekha, vah mrit hua bhi nahian. bhagavan sh‍vayan unh‍hean sadeh viman mean baithakar apane vaikunh‍thadham mean le gaye. is prakar vaikunh‍th sidharane ke bad bhi shri tukaram ji maharaj kee bar bhagavadbhakh‍toan ke samane prakat hue. dehoo aur lohagaanv mean tukaram maharaj ke anek sh‍marak haian, parantu ye sh‍marak to j d haian, unaka jita-jagata aur sabase b da sh‍marak abhang-samuday hai. unaki yah abhang-vani jagat ki amoolh‍y aur amar adhh‍yatmik samh‍patti hai. yah tukaram maharaj ki vaangamayi moorti hai.