गौतम

gautam

ek bahuvikalpi shabd hai any arthoan ke lie dekhean:- gautam (bahuvikalpi)

gautam jinhean 'akshapad gautam' ke nam se prasiddhi prapt haian, nyay darshan ke pratham pravakta mane jate haian. akshapad gautam ne nyay darshan ka nirman to shayad nahian kiya, par yah kaha ja sakata hai ki nyay darshan ka sootrabaddh, vyavasthit roop akshapad ke nyayasootr mean hi pahali bar milata hai. maharshi gautam param tapasvi evan sanyami the. maharaj vriddhashv ki putri ahilya inaki patni thi, jo maharshi ke shap se pashan ban gayi thi. treta yug mean bhagavan shri ram ki charan-raj se ahilya ka shapamochan hua, jisase vah pun: pashan se pun: rrishi patni bani.

dhanurdhar tatha smritikar

maharshi gautam ban vidya mean atyant nipun the. jab ve apani banavidya ka pradarshan karate aur ban chalate to devi ahilya banoan ko uthakar lati thi. ek bar ve der se lautian. jyeshth ki dhoop mean unake charan tapt ho gaye the. vishram ke liye ve vriksh ki chhaya mean baith gayi thian. maharshi ne soory devata par rosh kiya. soory ne brahman ke vesh mean maharshi ko chhatta aur padatran (joota) nivedit kiya. ushnata nivarak ye donoan upakaran usi samay se prachalit hue. maharshi gautam nyayashastr ke atirikt smritikar bhi the tatha unaka dhanurved par bhi koee granth tha, aisa vidvanoan ka mat hai. unake putr shatanand nimi kul ke achary the. gautam ne ganga ki aradhana karake pap se mukti prapt ki thi. gautam tatha muniyoan ko ganga ne poorn patitr kiya tha, jisase vah 'gautami' kahalayian. gautami nadi ke kinare tryanbakamh shivaliang ki sthapana ki gee, kyoanki isi shart par vah vahaan thaharane ke lie taiyar huee thian.

nyay darshan mean gautam

upalabdh nyay darshan ke adi pravartak maharshi gotam haian. yahi 'akshapad' nam se bhi prasiddh haian. unhoanne upalabdh nyayasootroan ka pranayan kiya tatha is anvikshiki ko kramabaddh kar shastr ke roop mean pratishthapit kiya. nyayavarttikakar udyotakarachary ne inako is shastr ka karta nahian vakta kaha hai-

yadakshapad: pravaro muninaan shamay shastran jagato jagad.

at: ved vidya ki tarah is anvikshiki ko bhi vishvasrashta ka hi anugrahadan manana chahie. maharshi akshapad se pahale bhi yah vidya avashy rahi hogi. inhoanne to sootroan mean baandhakar ise suvyavasthit, kramabaddh evan poornaang karane ka saphal prayas kiya hai. isase shastr ka ek parinishthit svaroop prakash mean aya aur chintan ki dhara apani gati evan paddhati se age ki or unmukh hokar badhane lagi. vatsyayan ne bhi nyayabhashy ke upasanhar mean kaha hai ki rrishi akshapad ko yah vidya pratibhat huee thi-

yoakshapadamrirshi nyay: pratyabhadh vadataan varamh.

nyayasootroan ke parisiman se bhi jnat hota hai ki is shastr ki prishthabhoomi mean avashy hi chirakal ki gaveshana tatha anek vishisht naiyyayikoan ka yogadan raha hoga. anyatha nyayasootr itane parishkrit evan paripoorn nahian rahate. chaturth adhyay mean sootrakar ne pravadukoan ke matoan ka uthakar sanyuktik khandan kiya hai tatha apane siddhantoan ki pratishtha ki hai. isase pratit hota hai ki unake samaksh anek darshanikoan ke vichar avashy upalabdh the. mahabharat mean bhi isaki pushti dekhi jati hai. vahaan kaha gaya hai ki nyayadarshan anek haian. unamean se hetu, agam aur sadachar ke anukool nyayashastr parigrahy hai-

nyayatantranyanekani taistairuktani vadibhi:.
hetvagamasadacharairyadh yuktan tatpragrihyatamh॥

mahabharat mean ullekh

mahabharat ke adhyayan se vidit hota hai ki gautamiy nyay darshan ke siddhant us samay ke vidvatsamaj mean adhik prachalit the. us samay ke pramukh rashtrahit chintak devarshi narad ko panchavyavayukt nyayavaky ka jnata kaha gaya hai. yadyapi nyay ka dashavayavavad bhi kabhi prasiddh raha hoga, jo paravartikal mean kisi ek deshiy naiyyayik ki parampara mean surakshit raha, kintu maharshi gautam ko vah many nahian tha. at: usaka ullekh evan khandan 'nyayabhashy' mean dekha jata hai. mahabharat mean is dashavayavavad ka sanket nahian milata hai. sath hi mahabharat mean anek sthaloan par panchavayav nyayavaky ka ullekh hua hai. shantiparv mean maharshi vyas ne yudhishthir ko upadesh dete hue kaha hai ki pratyaksh adi praman tatha pratijna adi panchavayav nyayavaky pramey ki siddhi ke lie prayojaniy hai. ye anek vargoan ki siddhi ke sadhan haian. inamean bhi pratyaksh aur anuman nirnay ke pramukh adhar ke roop mean svikrit haian.

pratyakshamanumanan ch upamanan tathagam:.
pratijna chaiv hetushch drishtantopanayau tatha.
uktan nigamanan teshaan prameyanch prayojanamh.
etani sadhananyahurvahuvargaprasiddhaye॥
pratyakshamanumanan ch sarveshaan yonirishyate.

adiparv mean varnit hai ki kanv rrishi ke ashram mean anek naiyayik raha rakate the, jo nyayatattvoan ke karyakaranabhav, kathasambandhi sthapana, akshep aur siddhant adi ke jnata the. yudhishthir ke ashvamedh yajn mean naiyyayikagan upasthit the, jo paraspar vijay ki ichchha rakhate the.

tasminh yajne pravritte tu vagmino hetuvadin:.
hetuvadanh bahoonahu: parasparajigishav:॥

nyay darshan mokshavastha mean dharm tatha adharm adi atmavishesh gunoan ka uparam svikar karata hai. isaka sanket mahabharat mean milata hai-

apunyapunyoparame yan punarbhavanirbhaya:.
shanta: sannyasino yanti tasmai mokshatmane nam:॥

nyayabhashy ke hey, han, upay aur adhigantavy roop char prasiddh arthatattv mahabharat mean spashtat: nirdisht haian-

du:khan vidyadupadanadabhimanachch vardhate.
tyagattebhyo nirodh: syath nirodhajno vimuchyate॥

maharaj yudhishthir ko rajadharm ka upadesh dete samay pitamah bhishm ne kaha hai ki pratyaksh, anuman, upaman tatha agam roop nyayadarshan ke prasiddh pramanoan se parikshit kar apane tatha paraye ki pahachan rakhana avashyak hai.

pratyakshenanumanen tathopamyagamairapi.
parikshyaste maharaj sve pare chaiv nityash:॥

isase pratit hota hai ki nyayavidya chirakal se hi dridhamool ki tarah vishal aur vaividhyapoorn rahi hai, jo ved, puran, smriti tatha mahabharat adi prachin granthoan mean vikirn hai. nyayasootrakar maharshi gautam ke samaksh sudridh adharashila ki tarah nyay darshan ke anek prasiddh siddhant upalabdh the. inamean se yuktisangat siddhantoan ka chayan kar use shastr roop mean pratishthit karane ke shreyas ka labh inhoanne kiya. phalasvaroop aj ham logoan ko poornaang, suvyavasthit aur kramabaddh nyayadarshan upalabdh hai.

nyayasootr ke rachayita

charak sanhita ke viman sthan mean sanbhasha vidhi ki charcha ati hai, aur usamean vadamarg jnan ke lie janane layaq tattvoan ki jo soochi milati hai, vahi soochi gautam ke solah padarthoan ke lie adharabhoot thi, aisa tark kiya ja sakata hai. satish chandr vidyabhooshan ke mat mean 'charakasanhita' mean milane vala nyay darshan medhatithi gautam dvara pratipadit nyay darshan hai. unake mat mean akshapad se pahale nyay darshan ke rachayita, medhatithi gautam hue the, jinaka ullekh mahabharat, bhasakrit pratibhanatak jaise granthoan mean milata hai. vidyabhooshan ke anusar akshapad gautam ne hi nyay darshan ko vah roop diya, jis roop mean nyay darshan aj upalabdh hai. adhunik pandit kahane lage haian ki nyayasootr ka koee ek karta nahian hai, balki nyayasootr kee bhagoan mean vikasit hua, jinamean se pahale kuchh ki rachana eesa poorv hai. aj nyayasootr ka jo roop dikhaee deta hai, usaka poorn roop doosari sadi mean sampann hua. ji. obar haimar ka kahana hai ki nyayasootr ke pahale aur akhiri (paanchavean) adhyay ka kal bahut hi prachin hai. usake mat mean tisare aur chauthe adhyay kisi doosari kriti se lie ge the, aur chauthi sadi ke bad ve baki adhyayoan ke sath jo d diye ge.

vistar se padhane ke lie bharatakosh par jaean