महाभारत भीष्म पर्व अध्याय 42 श्लोक 6-12

dvichatvariansh (42) adhyay: bhishm parv (shrimadbhagavadgita parv)

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mahabharat: bhishm parv: dvichatvariansh adhyay: shlok 6-12 ka hindi anuvad

shrimadbhagavadgita a‍dhyay 18


isaliye he parth! in yajn, dan aur taparoop karmoan ko tatha aur bhi sampoorn kartavy karmoan ko asakti aur phaloan ka tyag karake avashy karana chahiye yah mera nishchay kiya hua uttam mat hai.[1] sambandh- ab tin shlokoan mean kram se uparyukt tin prakar ke tyagoan ke lakshan batalate haian- (nishiddh aur kamy karmoan ka to svaroop se tyag karana uchit hi hai) parantu niyat karm ka svaroop se tyag uchit nahian hai.[2] isaliye moh ke karan usaka tyag kar dena tamas tyag kaha gaya hai.[3] jo kuchh karm hai vah sab duahkhasvaroop hi hai-aisa samajh kar yadi koee sharirik klesh ke bhay se kartavy karmoan ka tyag kar de,[4] to vah aisa rajas tyag karake tyag ke phal ko kisi prakar bhi nahian pata.[5] he arjun! jo shastravihit karm karana kartavy hai- isi bhav se asakti aur phal ka tyag karake kiya jata hai- vahi sattvik tyag mana gaya hai.[6]

sambandh- upayukt prakar se sattvik tyag karane vale purush ka nishiddh aur kamyakarmoan svaroop se chho dane mean aur kartavy karmoan ke karane mean kaisa bhav rahata hai, is jijnasa par sattvik tyagi purush ki aantim sthiti ke lakshan batalate haian’- jo manushy akushal karm se to dvesh nahian karata[7] aur kushal karm mean asakt nahian hota,[8] vah shuddh sattvagun se yukt purush sanshayarahit, buddhimanh aur sachcha tyagi hai.[9] kh‍yoanki shariradhari kisi bhi manushy ke dvara sampoornata se sab karmoan ka tyag kiya jana shaky nahian hai;[10] isaliye jo karmaphal ka tyagi hai, vahi tyagi hai- yah kaha jata hai.[11] karmaphal ka tyag n karane vale manushyoan ke karmoan ka to achchha, bura aur mila hua- aise tin prakar ka phal marane ke pashchath avashy hota hai;[12] kiantu karmaphal ka tyag kar dene vale manushyoan ke karmoan ka phal kisi kal mean bhi nahian hota.[13]

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tika tippani aur sandarbh

  1. bhagavanh ke kathan ka bhav yah hai ki oopar vidvanoan ke matanusar jo tyag aur sannyas ke lakshan batalaye gaye haian, ve poorn nahian hai kh‍yoanki keval kamy karmoan ka svaroop tyag kar dene par bhi any nity-naimittik karmoan mean aur unake phal mean manushy ki mamata, asakti aur kamana rahane se ve bandhan hetu ban jate haian. sab karmoan ke phal ki ichchha ka tyag kar dene par bhi un karmoan mean mamata aur asakti aur rah jane se ve bandhanakarak ho sakate hai. ahanta, mamata, asakti aur kamana tyag kiye bina yadi samast karmoan ko doshayukt samajhakar kartavyakarmoan ka bhi svaroop tyag kar diya jay to manushy karmabandhan se mukt nahian ho sakata kh‍yoanki aisa karane par vah vihit karm ke tyagaroop pratyavay ka bhagi hota hai. isi prakar yajn, dan aur taparoop karmoan ko karate rahane par bhi yadi usamean asakti aur unake phal ki kamana ka tyag n kiya jay to ve bandhan ke hetu ban jate hai. isaliye un vidvanoan ke batalaye hue lakshanoan vale sannyas aur tyag se manushy karmabandhan se sarvatha mukt nahian ho sakata; kh‍yoanki karm svaroopatah bandhanakarak nahian hai, unake sath mamata, asakti aur phal ka sambandh hi bandhanakarak hai. atah karmoan mean jo mamata aur phalasakti ka tyag hai, vahi vastavik tyag hai; kh‍yoanki is prakar karm karane vala manushy samast karm bandhanoan se mukt hokar paramapadr ko prapt ho jata hai.
  2. varn, ashram, svabhav aur paristhiti ki apeksha se jis manushy ke liye yajn, dan, tap, adhyayan-adhyapan, upadesh, yuddh, prajapalan, pashupalan, krishi, vyapar, seva aur khan-pan adi jo-jo karm shastroan mean avashyakartavy batalaye gaye haian, usake liye ve niyat karm hai. aise karmoan ka svaroop se tyag karane vala manushy apane kartavy ka palan n karane ke karan pap ka bhogi hota hai; kh‍yoanki isase karmoan ki parampara toot jati haian; kh‍yoanki isase karmoan ki parampara toot jati hai aur samast jagat mean viphal ho jata hai. (gita 3/23/24) isaliye niyat karmoan ka svaroop se tyag uchit nahian hai.
  3. kartavy karm ke tyag ko bhool se mukti ka hetu samajhakar tyag karana mohapoorvak hone ke karan tamas tyag hai; isaliye uparyukt tyag aisa tyag nahian hai; jisake karane se manushy karmabandhan se mukt ho jata hai. yah to pratyavay ka hetu hone se ulh‍ta adhogati ko le jane vala hai.
  4. kartavy karmoan ke anushthan mean man, indriy aur sharir ko parishram hota hai; anek prakar ke vighn upasthit hote haian; bahut si samragi ekatr karani p dati hai; sharir ke aram ka tyag karana p data hai; vrat,upavas adi karake kasht sahan karana p data hai aur bahut-se bhinn-bhinn niyamoan ka palan karana p data hai-is karan samast karmoan ko duahkh roop samajhakar man, indriy aur sharir ke parishram se bachane ke liye tatha aram karane ki ichchha se jo yajn, dan aur tap adi shastravihit karmoan ka tyag karana hai- yahi unako duahkharoop samajhakar sharirik klesh ke bhay se unaka tyag karana hai.
  5. jab tak manushy man, indriy aur sharir mean mamata aur asakti rahati hai, tab tak vah kisi prakar bhi karm-bandhan se mukt nahian ho sakata. atah yah rajas tyag namamatr ka hi tyag hai, sachcha tyag nahian hai. isaliye kalyan chahane vale sadhanoan ko aisa tyag nahian karana chahiye; kh‍yoanki man, indriy aur sharir ke aram mean asakti hona rajogun-ka kary hai. atev aisa tyag karane vala manushy vastavik tyag ke phal ko, jo ki samast karmabandhanoan se chhootakar paramatma ko pa lena hai, nahian pata.
  6. varn, ashram, svabhav aur paristhiti ki apeksha se jis manushy ke liye jo jo karmashastr mean avashy kartavy batalaye gaye haian, ve samast karm hi niyam karm hai, nishiddh aur kagy karm niyat karm nahian haian. niyat karmoan ko n karana bhagavanh ki ajna ka ullanghan karana hai- is bhav se bhavit hokar un karmoan mean aur unake phalaroop is lok aur paralok ke samast bhogoan mean mamata, asakti aur kamana ka sarvatha tyag karake utsahapoorvak vidhivath unako karate rahana hi sattvik tyag hai; kh‍yoanki karmoan ke phalaroop is lok aur paralok ke bhogoan mean asaktiaur kamana ka tyag hi vastavik tyag hai. tyag ka parinam karmoan se sarvatha sambandh vichchhed hona chahiye aur yah parinam mamata, asakti aur kamana ke tyag se hi ho sakata hai-keval svaroop se karmoan ka tyag karane se nahian.
  7. shastranishiddh karm aur kamyakarm sabhi akushal karm hai; kh‍yoanki papakarm to manushy ko nana prakar ki nich yoniyoan mean aur narak mean girane vale haian evan kamyakarm bhi phalabhog ke liye punarjanm dene vale hai. sattvik tyagi mean rag-dvesh ka sarvatha abhav ho jane ke karan yah to nishiddh aur kamyakarmoan ka tyag karata hai, vah dvesh-buddhi se nahian karata; kiantu shastradrishti se lokasangrah ke liye unaka tyag karata hai.
  8. shastravihit nity-naimittik yajn, dan aur tap adi shubh karm nishkamabhav se kiye jane par manushy ke poorvakrit sanchit papoan ka nash karake use karmabandhan se chhu da dene mean samarth hai, isaliye ye kushal kahalate hai. sattvik tyagi jo uparyukt shubh karmoan ka vidhivath anushthan karata hai, vah asaktipoorvak nahian karata; kiantu shastravihit karmoan ka karana manushy ka kartavy hai- is bhavas mamata, asakti aur phalechchha chhodakar lokasangrah ke liye hi unaka anushthan karata hai.
  9. is prakar rag-dvesh se rahit hokar keval kartavyabuddhi se karmoan ka grahan aur tyag karane vala shuddh sattvagun se yukt purush sanshayarahit hai, yani usane bhalibhaanti nishchay kar liya hai ki yah karmayog roop sattvik tyag hi karmabandhan se chhootakar paramapad ko prapt kar lene ka poorn sadhan hai. isiliye vah buddhimanh hai aur vahi sachcha tyagi hai.
  10. koee bhi dehadhari manushy bina karm kiye rah nahian sakata (gita 3/5); kh‍yoanki bina karm kiye sharir ka nirvah hi nahian ho sakata. (gita 3/8) isaliye manushy kisi bhi ashram mean kh‍yoan n rahata ho- jab tak vah jivit rahega, tab tak use apani paristhiti ke anusar khana-pina, sona-baithana, chalana-phirana aur bolana adi kuchh n kuchh karm to karana hi p dega. atev sampoornata se sab karmoan ka svaroop se tyag kiya jana sambhav nahian hai.
  11. jo nishiddh aur kamy-karmoan ka sarvatha tyag karake yathavashyak shastravihit kartavyakarmoan ka anushthan karate hue un karmoan mean aur unake phal mean mamata, asakti aur kamana sarvatha tyag kar deta hai, vahi sachcha tyagi hai.
    oopar se indriyoan ki kriyaoan ka sanyam karake man se vishayoan ka chintan karane vala manushy tyagi nahian nahian hai tatha ahanta, mamata aur asakti ke rahate hue shastravihit yajn, dan aur tap adi kartavyakarmoan ka svaroop tyag kar dene vala bhi tyagi nahian hai.
  12. jinh‍hoanne apane dvara kiye jane vale karmoan mean aur unake phal mean mamata, asakti aur kamana ka tyag nahian kiya hai; jo asakti aur phalechchhapoorvak sab prakar ke karm karane vale hai, unake dvara kiye hue shubh karmoan ka jo svargadi ki prapti ya any kisi prakar ke saansarik isht bhogoan ki prapti roop phal hai, vah achchha phal hai; tatha unake dvara kiye hue pap-karmoan ka jo pashu, pakshi, kit, patang aur vriksh adi tiyakh yoniyaan prapti ya narakoan ki prapti athava any kisi prakar ke duahkhoan ki prapti roop phal hai- vah bura phal hai. isi prakar jo manushyadi yoniyoan mean utpann hokar kabhi isht bhogoan ko prapt hona aur kabhi anisht bhogoan ko prapt hona hai, vah mishrit phal hai.
    un purushoan ke karm apana phal bhugatayean bina nasht nahian ho sakate, janm-janmantaroan mean shubhashubh phal dete rahate hai; isiliye aise manushy sansarachakr mean ghumate rahate haian.
  13. karmoan mean aur unake phal mean mamata, asakti aur kamana ka jinh‍hoanne sarvatha tyag kar diya hai; is adhyay ke dasavean shlok mean tyagi ke nam se jinake lakshan batalaye gaye hai; gita ke chhathe adhyay ke pahale shlok mean jinake liye ‘sannh‍yasi’ aur ‘yogi’ donoan padoan ka prayog kiya gaya hai- aise karmayogiyoan ko yahaan ‘sannh‍yasi’ kaha jata hai.
    is prakar karm phal ka tyag kar dene vale tyagi manushy jitane karm karate hai, ve bhoone hue bij ki bhaanti hote haian, unamean phal utpann karane ki shakti nahian hoti tatha is prakar yarthath kiye jane vale nishkam karmoan se poorvasanchit samast shubhashubh karmoan ka bhi nash ho jata hai. (gita 4/23) is karan unake is janm mean ya janmantaroan mean kiye hue kisi bhi karm ka kisi bhi prakar ka phal kisi bhi avastha mean, jite hue ya marane ke bad kabhi nahian hota; ve karmabandhan sarvatha mukt ho jate hai.

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

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