महाभारत भीष्म पर्व अध्याय 41 श्लोक 4-12

ekachatvariansh (41) adhyay: bhishm parv (shrimadbhagavadgita parv)

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mahabharat: bhishm parv: ekachatvariansh adhyay: shlok 4-12 ka hindi anuvad

shrimadbhagavadgita a‍dhyay 17


sattvik purush devoan ko poojate haian,[1] rajas purush yaksh aur rakshasoan ko[2] tatha any jo tamas manushy haian, ve pret aur bhootaganoan ko[3] poojate haian. jo manushy shastr vidhi se rahit keval manahkalpit ghor tap ko tapate haian tatha dambh aur ahankar se yukt[4] evan kamana, asakti aur bal ke abhiman se bhi yukt haian. jo sharir roop se sthit bhootasamuday ko aur antahkaran mean sthit mujh paramatma ko bhi krish karane vale haian,[5] un ajnaniyoan ko too asur-svabhav vale jan.

sambandh- vividh svabhavik shraddha valoan ke tatha ghor tap karane vale logoan ke lakshan batalakar ab bhagavan sattvik ka grahan aur rajas-tamas ka tyag karane ke uddeshy se sattvik rajas tamas ahar, yajn, tap aur dan ke bhed sunane ke liye arjun ko ajna dete haian aur kahate haian- he arjun! bhojan bhi sabako apani-apani prakriti ke anusar tin prakar ka priy hota hai. vaise hi yajn, tap aur dan bhi tin prakar ke hote haian.[6] unake is prithakh-prithakh bhed ko too mujhase sun.

vayu, buddhi, bal, arogy, sukh aur priti ko badhane vale rasayukt, chikane aur sthir rahane vale tatha svabhav se hi man ko priy-aise ahar arthat bhojan karane ke padarth sattvik purush ko priy hote haian. k davean, khatte, lakshanayukt bahut garam, tikhe, rookhean, dahakarak aur duahkh chinta tatha rogoan ko utpann karane vale ahar arthat bhojan karane ke padarth[7] rajas purush ko priy hote haian. jo bhojan adhapaka, rasarahit, durgandhayukt, vasi aur uchchhisht hai tatha jo apavitr bhi hai, vah bhojan tamas purush ko priy hota hai. jo shastravidhi se niyat, yajn karana hi kartavy hai- is prakar man ko samadhan karane ke, phal n chahane vale purushoan dvara kiya jata hai, vah sattvik hai. parantu he arjun! keval dambhacharan ke liye athava phal-ko bhi drishti mean rakhakar jo yajn kiya jata hai, us yajn ko too rajas jan.[8]

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tika tippani aur sandarbh

  1. abhipray yah hai ki devataoan ko poojane vale manushy sattvik haian- sattviki nishthavan haian. devataoan se yahaan soory, chandr, agni, vayu, indr, varun, yam, ashvinikumar aur vishvadev adi shastrokt dev samajhane chahiye.
    yahaan dev poojanaroop kriya sattvik hone ke karan use karane vale ko sattvik batalaya gaya hai, parantu poorn sattvik to vahi hai, jo sattvik kriyaoan ko nishkam bhav se karata hai.
  2. yaksh se kuberadi aur rakshasoan se rahu-ketu adi samajhana chahiye.
  3. marane ke bad jo pap-karmavash bhoot-pretadi ke vayu pradhan deh ko prapt hote haian, ve bhoot-pret kahalate haian.
  4. jisamean nana prakar ke adambaroan se sharir aur indriyoan ko kasht pahuanchaya jata hai aur jisaka svaroop b da bhayanak hota hai, is prakar ke shastr viruddh bhayanak tap karane vale manushyoan mean shraddha nahian hoti. ve logoan ko thagane ke liye aur un par rob jamane ke liye pakhand rachate haian tabha sada ahankar se phoole rahate haian isi se unh‍hean dambh aur ahankar se yukt kaha gaya hai.
  5. sharir kshin aur durbal karana tatha svayan apane atma ko ya kisi ke bhi atma ko duahkh pahuanchana bhootasamooday- ko aur paramatma ko krish karana hai kh‍yoanki sabake hriday mean atma roop se paramatma hi sthit hai.
  6. manushy jaisa ahar karata hai, vaisa hi usaka antahkaran banata hai aur antahkaran ke anuroop hi shraddha bhi hoti hai. ahar shuddh hoga to usake parinamasvaroop antahkaran bhi shuddh hoga. ‘aharashudau sattvashuddhiah’. (chhandogy 7/26/2) antahkaran ki shuddhi se hi vichar, bhav, shraddhadi gun aur kriyaean shuddh hogi at is prasang mean ahar ka vivechan karake yah bhav dikhalaya gaya hai ki sattvik, rajas aur tamas ahar mean jo ahar jisako priy hota hai, vah usi gunavala hota hai. isi bhav se shlok mean ‘priy’ shabd dekar vishesh lakshy karaya gaya hai. atah ahar ki drishti se bhi usaki pahachan ho sakati hai. yahi bat yajn, dan aur tap ke vishay mean bhi samajh leni chahiye.
  7. nim, karela adi padarth k dave haian, imali adi khatte hai, kshar tatha vividh bhaanti ke namak namakin hai, bahut garam-naram vastuean ati ushn hai. lal mirch adi tikhe haian, bhad mean bhooanje hue annadi rookhe haian aur raee adi padarth dahakarak hai. upayukt padarthoan ko khane ke samay gale adi mean takaliph ka hona, jibh, taloo adi ka jalana, daantoan ka am jana, chabane mean dikkat hona, aankhoan aur nak mean pani a jana, hichaki ana adi jo kasht hote haian. use dukh kahate haian. khane ke bad jo pashchayatap hota hai, use ‘chianta’ kahate haian aur khane se jo bimariyaan utpann hoti haian use ‘rog’ kahate haian. is k dave, khatte padarthoan ke khane se duahkh, chianta aur rog utpann hote haian. isaliye inh‍hean dukh, chianta, aur rog ko utpann karane vala kaha jata hai atev inaka tyag karana uchit hai.
  8. jo yajn kisi phal prapti ke udehdashy se kiya gaya hai, vah shastravihit aur shraddhapoorvak kiya hua hone par bhi rajas hai evan jo dambhapoorvak kiya jata hai, vah bhi rajas hai; phir jisamean ye donoan dosh hoan, use ‘rajas’ hone mean to kahana hi kya hai.

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