- mahabharat bhishm parv mean shrimadbhagavadgita parv ke aantargat 42vean adhyay mean 'bhaktisahit nishkam karmayog ka varnan' hua hai, jo is prakar hai-[1]
vishay soochi
krishn dvara arjun se bhaktisahit nishkam karmayog ka varnan karana
sambandh- poorv shlok mean krishn ne arjun ko sannyas (jnanayog) ka tattv samajhane ke liye atma ke arkatapan ka pratipadan kiya tha. ab ve usake anusar karm ke aang-pratyangoan ko bhalibhaanti samajhane ke liye karm-prerana, karm-sangrah aur unake sattvik adi bhedoan ka prativadan arjun se karate haian. aur kahate haian -he arjun! jnata, jnan aur jney- yah tin prakar ki karm-prerana[2] hai aur karta, karan tatha kriya-yah tin prakar ka karm-sangrah hai.[3] gunoan ki sankhya karane vale shastr mean jnan aur karm tatha karta gunoan bhed se tin-tin prakar ke hi kahe gaye haian, unako bhi too mujhase bhalibhaanti sun.[4] jis jnan se manushy prithakh-prithakh sab bhootoan mean ek avinashi paramatma bhav ko vibhagarahit samabhav se sthit dekhata hai, us jnan ko too sattvik jan.[5] kiantu jo jnan arthat jis jnan ke dvara manushy sampoorn bhootoan mean bhinn-bhinn prakar ke nana bhavoan ko alag-alag janata hai, us jnan ko too rajas jan.[6] paranhtu jo jnan ek karyaroop sharir mean hi sampoorn ke sadrish asakt hai tatha jo bina yukti vala, tatvik arth se rahit aur tuchchh hai, vah tamas kaha gaya hai.[7] jo karm shastravidhi ke niyat kiya hua aur kartapan ke abhiman se rahit ho tatha phal n chahane vale purush dvara bina rag-dvesh ke kiya gaya ho[8]- vah sattvik kaha jata hai.[9] parantu jo karm bahut parishram se yukt hota hai[10] tatha bhogoan ko chahane vale purush dvara ya ahankar yukt purush dvara kiya jata hai, vah karm rajas kaha gaya hai.[11] jo karm parinam, hani, hiansa aur samarthhy ko n vichar kar keval ajnan se arambh kiya jata hai, vah tamas kaha jata hai.[12] jo karta sang rahit, ahankar ke vachan bolane vala, dhairy aur utsah se yukt tatha kary ke siddh hone aur n hone mean harsh-shokadi vikaroan se rahit hai, vah sattvik kaha jata hai.[13] jo karta asakti yukt, karmoan ke phal ko chahane vala aur lobhi hai tatha doosaroan ko kasht dene ke svabhav vala, ashuddha-chori aur harsh-shok se lipt hai, vah rajas kaha gaya hai.[1] jo karta ayukt, shiksha se rahit, ghamandi,[14] dhoort[15] aur doosaroan ki jivika ka nash karane vala[16] tatha shok karane vala alasi[17] aur dirgh sootri[18] hai vah tamas kaha jata hai.[19]
sambandh- is prakar tattvajnan mean sahayak sattvik bhav ko grahan karane ke liye aur usake virodhi rajas-tamas bhavoan- ka tyag karane ke liye karm-prerana tatha karm-sangrah mean se jnan, karm aur karta ke sattvik adi tin-tin bhed kram se batalakar ab krishn buddhi aur dhriti ke sattvik, rajas aur tamas-is prakar trividh bhed kramashah batalane ki prastavana karate hue batalate haian aur kahate haian- he dhananjay! ab too buddhi ka aur dhriti ka bhi gunoan ke anusar tin prakar ka bhed mere dvara sampurnata se vibhag poorvak kaha jane vala sun.[20] he parth! jo buddhi pravritti marg[21] aur nivatti marg[22] kartavy aur akartavy ko,[23] bhay aur abhay ko[24] tatha bandhan aur moksh ko[25] yatharth janati hai, vah buddhi sattviki hai. he parth! manushy jis buddhi ke dvara dharm aur adharm ko[26] tatha kartavy aur akartavy ko[27] bhi yarthath nahian janata, vah buddhi rajasi hai.[28] he arjun! jo tamogun se ghiri huee buddhi adharm ko bhi ‘yah dharm hai’ aisa man leti hai[29] tatha isi prakar any samhpoorn padarthoan ko bhi viparit man leti haian[30] yah buddhi tamasi hai.[31] he parth! jis avyabhicharini dharan shakti manushy dhyanayog dvara, man, pran aur indriyoan ki kriyaoan ko dharan karata hai, yah dhriti sattviki hai.[32] parantu he prithaputr arjun! phal ki ichchha vala manushy jis dharanashakti ke dvara atyant asakti se dharm, arth aur kamoan ko dharan karata hai,[33] vah dharanashakti rajasi hai. he parth! dusht buddhi vala manushy jis dharanashakti ke dvara nidra, bhay, chianta aur duahkh ko tatha unmattata ko bhi nahian chho dana arthath dharan kiye rahata hai,[34] vah dharanashakti tamasi hai.
sambandh-is prakar sattvik ki buddhi aur ghriti ka grahan tatha rajasi -tamasi ka tyag karane ke liye buddhi aur ghriti ke sattvik adi tin-tin bhed kram se batalakar ab, jisake liye manushy samast karm karata hai, us sukh ke bhi sattvik, rajas aur tamas is prakar tin bhed kram se batalate haian.[31] he bharatashreshhth! ab tin prakar ke sukh ko bhi too mujhase sun. jis sukh mean sadhak manushy bhajan, dhyan aur sevadi ke abhyas se raman karata hai[35] aur duahkhoan ke ant ko prapt ho jata hai[36] jo aisa sukh hai, vah arambh kal mean yadyapi vish ke tuly pratit hota hai,[37] parantu parinam mean amrit ke tuly hai[38] isaliye vah paramatma vishayak buddhi ke prasad se utpann hone vala sukh[39] sattvik kaha jata hai. jo sukh vishay aur indriyoan ke sanyog se hota hai, vah pahale, bhog kal mean amrit ke tuly pratit hone par bhi parinam mean vish ke tuly hai isaliye vah sukh rajas kaha gaya hai.[40] jo sukh bhog kal mean tatha parinam mean bhi atma ko mohit karane vala hai, vah nidra, alasy aur pramad se utpann sukh[41] tamas kaha gaya hai. prithvi mean ya akash mean athava devataoan mean tatha inake siva aur kahi bhi aisa koee bhi sattv nahian hai, jo prakriti se utpann in tinoan gunoan se rahit ho.[42][43]
tika tippani v sandarbh
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 mahabharat bhishm parv adhyay 42 shlok 18-27
- ↑ kisi bhi padarth ke svaroop ka nishchay karane vale ko ‘jnata’ kahate haian vah jis vritti ke dvara vastoo ke svaroop ka nishchay karata hai, usaka nam ‘jnan’ hai aur jis vastu ke svaroop ka nishchay karata hai, usaka nam ‘jney’ hai. in tinoan ka sambandh hi manushy koan karm mean pravritt karane vala hai khyoanki jab adhikari manushy jnanavritti dvara yah nishchay kar leta hai ki amuk-amuk sadhanoan dvara amuk prakar ke amuk sukh ki prapti ke liye amuk karm mujhe karana hai, tabhi usaki us karm mean pravritti hoti hai.
- ↑ dekhana, sunana, samajhana, smaran karana, khana, pina adi samast kriyaoan ko karane vale prakritisth purush ko ‘karta’ kahate haian; usake jin man, buddhi aur indriyoan ke dvara uparyukt samast kriyaean ki jati hai, usako ‘karan’ aur uparyukt samast kriyaoan ko ‘karm’ kahate haian. in tinoan ke sanyog se hi karm ka sangrah hota hai, khyoanki jab manushy svayankarta banakar apane man, buddhi aur indriyoan dvara kriya karake kisi karm ko karata hai, tabhi karm banata hai, isake bina koee bhi karm nahi ban sakata. isi adhyay ke chaudahavean shlok mean jo karm ki siddhi ke adhishthanadi paanch hetoo batalaye gaye haian, unamean se adhishthan aur daiv ko chho dakar shesh tinoan ko ‘karm-sangrah’ nam diya gaya hai.
- ↑ jis shastr mean sattv, raj aur tam-in tinoan gunoan ke sambandh se samast padarthoan ke bhinn-bhinn bhedoan ki ganana ki gayi ho, aise shastr ka vachak ‘gunasankhyane’ pad hai. atah unamean batalaye hue gunoan ke bhed se tin prakar ke jnan, karm or karta ko sunane ke liye kahakar bhagavan ne us shastr ko is vishay mean adar diya hai. or kahe jane vale upadesh ko dhyanapoorvak sunane ke liye arjun ko savadhan kiya hai.
dhyan rahe ki jnata aur karta alag-alag nahian hai, is karan bhagavan ne jnata ke bhed alag nahian batalaye haian tatha karan ke bhed buddhi ke aur ghriti ke nam se evan jney ke bhed sukh ke nam se age batalayeange. is karan yahaan poorvokt chhah padarthoan mean se tin ke hi bhed pahale batalane ka sanket kiya. - ↑ jis prakar akash-tattv ko janane vala manushy ghada, makan, gupha, shvarg aur patal aur samast vastoooan ke sahit sampoorn brahmanhd mean ek hi akash tattv ko dekhata hai, vaise hi lokadrishti bhinn bhinn pratit hone vale samast charachar praniyoan mean gita ke chhathe adhyay ke untisavean aur terahavean adhyay ke sattaeesavean shlok mean varnit saankhyog ke savan se hone vale anubhav ke dvara ek advitiy avinashi nirvikar jnanasvaroop paramatma bhav ko vibhagarahit samayabhav se vyapt dekhana hi sattvik jnan hai.
- ↑ kit, patange, pashu, pakshi, rakshas, manushy aur devata adi jitane bhi prani hai, un sab mean atma ko unake shariroan ki akriti ke bhed se aur svabhav ke bhed se bhinn-bhinn prakar ke anek aur alag alag samajhana hi rajas jnan hai.
- ↑ jis viparit jnan ke dvara manushy prakriti ke karyaroop sharir ko hi apana svaroop samajh leta hai aur duahkh se kar us kshanabhangur nashavan sharir mean sarvasv ki bhaanti asakt rahata hai. arthat usake sukh se sukhi evan unake duahkh mean duahkhi hota hai tatha unake nash se hi sarvanash manata hai, atma ko usase bhinn ya sarvavyapi nahian samajhata- vah jnan vastav mean jnan nahian hai. isaliye bhagavanh is shlok mean ‘jnan’ pad ka prayog bhi nahian kiya hai khyoanki vah viparit jnan vastav mean ajnan hi hai.
- ↑ karmoan ke phalaroop is lok aur paralok ke jitane bhi yog hai, usamean mamata aur asakti ka abhav ho jane ke karan jisako kianchinmatr bhi un bhogoan ki akaansha nahian rahi hai, jo kisi bhi karm se apana koee bhi svarth siddh karana nahian chahata, jo apane liye kisi bhi vastu ki avashyakata nahian samajhata- aise purush dvara hone vale jo karm rag-dvesh ke bina keval lokasangrah ke liye hote hai- un karmoan ko ‘bina rag-dvesh ke kiya hua karm’ kahate haian.
- ↑ isi adhyay ke navean shlok mean varnit sattvik tyag se is sattvik karm mean yah visheshata hai ki isamean kartapan ke abhiman ka aur rag-dvesh ka bhi abhav dikhalaya gaya hai; kiantoo navean shlok mean karmoan mean asakti aur phalechchha ka tyag hi batalaya gaya hai, kartapan ke abhav ki bat nahian kahi hai, balki kartavy buddhi se karmoan ko karane ke liye kaha hai. donoan ka hi phal tattv jnan ke dvara paramatma ki prapti hai bhed keval anushthan ke prakash ka hai.
- ↑ sattvik karm se rajas karm ka yah bhed hai ki sattvik karmoan ke karta ka sharir mean ahankar nahian hota aur karmoan mean kartapan nahian hota atah use kisi bhi kriya ke karane mean kisi prakar ke parishram ya klesh ka bodh nahian hota. isaliye usake karm ayasayukt nahian hai kiantu rajas karm ke karta ka sharir mean ahankar hone ke karan vah sharir ke parishram aur duahkhoan se svayan duahkhi hota hai. is karan use pratyek kriya mean parishram bodh hota hai. isake siva sattvik karmoan ke karta dvara keval shastradrishti ya lokadrishti se kartavyaroop mean prapt hue karm hi kiye jate haian. atah usake dvara karmoan ka vistar nahian hota hai; kiantu rajas karm ka karta asakti aur kamana se prerit hokar pratidin naye-naye karmoan ka arambh karata rahata hai, isase usake karmoan ka bahut vistar ho gaya hai. is karan yahaan bahut parishram vale karmoan ko rajas batalaya gaya hai.
- ↑ jis purush mean bhogoan ki kamana aur ahankar donoan hai, usake dvara kiye hue karm rajas hai- isamean to kahana hi kya hai; kiantu inamean se kisi ek dosh se yukt purush dvara kiye hue karm bhi rajas hi hai.
- ↑ kisi bhi karm ka arambh karane se pahale apani buddhi se vichar karake jo yah soch lena hai ki amuk karm karane se usaka bhavi parinam amuk prakar se sukh ki prapti ya amuk prakar se duahkh ki prapti hoga, yah usake anubandh ka yani parinam ka vichar karana hai tatha jo yah sochana hai ki amuk karm mean itana dhan vyay karana padega, itane bal ka prayog karana padega, itana samay lagega, amum aansh mean dharm ki hani hogi aur amuk-amuk prakar ki doosari haniyaan hogi- yah kshay ka yani hani ka vichar karana hai aur jo yah sochana hai ki amuk karm ke karane se amuk manushyoan ko ya any praniyoan ko amuk prakar se kitana kasht pahuanchega, amuk manushyoan ka ya any praniya ka jivan nasht hoga- yah hiansa ka vichar karana hai. isi tarah jo yah sochana hai ki amuk karm karane ke liye itane samarthhy ki avashyakata hai, atah ise poora karane ki samarthhy isamean hai ya nahian yah pauroosh ka yani samarthhy ka vichar karana hai. is tarah parinam, hani, hiansa aur pauroosh-in charoan ka ya charoan mean se kisi ek ka vichar n karake keval moh se karm ka arambh karana hi tamas karm haian.
- ↑ shastravihit svadharm palanaroop kisi bhi karm ke karane mean b di se b di vighn-badhaoan ke upasthit hone par bhi vichalit n hona ‘dhairy’ hai aur karm sampadan mean saphalata n prapt hone par ya aisa samajhakar ki yadi mujh phal ki ichchha nahian hai to karm karane ki kya avashyakata hai- kisi bhi karm se n ukatana, kiantu jaise koee saphalata prapt kar chukane vala aur karmaphal ko chahane vala manushy karata hai, usi prakar shraddhapoorvak use karane ke liye utsuk rahana ‘utsah’ hai. in donoan gunoan se yukt hor jo manushy n to kisi bhi karm ke poorn hone mean harshit hota hai aur n usamean vighn upasthit hone par shok hi karata hai tatha isi tarah jisamean any kisi prakar ka bhi koee vikar nahian hota, jo harek avastha mean sada-sarvada sam rahata hai- aisa samatayukt purush hi sattvik karta hai.
- ↑ jisaka svabhav atyant kathor hai, jisamean vinay ka atyant abhav hai, jo sada hi ghamand mean choor rahata hai- apane samane doosaroan ko kuchh bhi nahian samajhata- aise manushy ko ‘ghamandi’ kahate haian.
- ↑ jo doosaroan ko thagane vala vanchak hai, dvesh ko chhipaye rakhakar guptabhav se doosaroan ka apakar karane vala hai, man hi man doosaroan ka anisht karane ke liye dav-pech sochata rahata hai-aise manushy ko ‘rdhoot’ kahate haian.
- ↑ nana prakar ke doosaroan ki vritti badha dalana hi jisaka svabhav hai- aise manushy ko doosaroan ki jivika ka nash karane vala kahate haian.
- ↑ jisaka rat-din p de rahane ka svabhav hai, kisi bhi shastriy ya vyavaharik kartavy-karm mean jisaki pravritti aur utsah nahian hote, jisake antahkaran aur indriyoan mean alasy bhara rahata hai- vah manushy ‘alasi’ hai.
- ↑ jo kisi kary ka arambh karake bahut kal tak use poora nahian karata-aj kar leange, kal kar leange, is prakar vichar karate-karate ek roj mean ho jane vale kary ke liye bahut samay nikal deta hai aur phir bhi use poora nahian kar pata- aise shithil prakriti vale manushy ko ‘dirdhasutri’ kahate haian.
- ↑ jis purush mean uparyukt samast lakshan ghatate hoan ya unamean se kitane hi lakshan ghatate hoan, use tamas karta samajhana chahiye.
- ↑ ‘buddhi’ shabd yahaan nishchay karane ki shakti vishesh ka vachak hai, is adhyay ke bisavean, ikkisavean aur baeesavean shlokoan mean jis jnan ke tin bhed batalaye gaye haian., vah buddhi se utpann hone vala jnan yani buddhi ki vritti vishesh hai. aur yah buddhi usaka karan hai. atharahavean shlok mean ‘jnan’ shabd karm-prerana ke antargat aya hai aur buddhi ka grahan ‘karan’ ke nam se karm sangrah mean kiya gaya hai. yahi jnan ka aur buddhi ka bhed hai. yahaan karm sangrah mean varnit karanoan ke sattvik-rajas-tamas bhedoan ko bhalibhaanti samajhane ke liye pradhan ‘karan’ buddhi ke tin bhed batalaye tate haian.
‘dhriti’ shabd dharan karane ki shakti vishesh vachak hai yah bhi buddhi ki hi vritti hai. manushy kisi bhi kriya ya bhav ko isi shakti ke dvara dridhatapoorvak dharan karata hai. is karan vah ‘karan’ ke hi antargat hai. is adhyay ke chhabbisavean shlok mean sattvik karta ke lakshanoan mean ‘dhriti’ shabd ka prayog hua hai, isase yah samajhane ki gujaish ho jati hai. ki ‘dhriti’ keval sattvik hi hoti hai; kiantu aisi bat nahian hai, isake bhi tin bhed hote haian- yahi bat samajhane ke liye is prakaran mean ‘dhriti’ ke tin bhed batalaye gaye haian. - ↑ grihasth-vanaprasthadi ashramoan mean rahakar mamata, asakti, ahankar aur phalechchha ka tyag karake paramatma ki prapti ke liye usaki upasana ka tatha shastravihit yajn, dan aur tap adi shubh karmoan ka, apane varnashramadharm ke anusar jivika ke karmoan ka aur sharir sambandhi khan-pan adi karmoan ka nishkamabhav se acharan roop jo paramatma ko prapt karane ka marg hai- vah ‘pravrittimarg’ hai aur raja janak, ambarish, maharshi vasishth aur yajnavalky adi ki bhaanti use thik-thik samajhakar usake anusar chalana hi usako yatharth janana haian.
- ↑ samast karmoan ka aur bhogoan ka bahar-bhitar se sarvatha tyag karake, sannyas-ashram mean rahakar paramatma ki prapti ke liye sab prakar ki saansarik jhanjhato se virakt hokar ahanta, mamata, aur asakti ke tyagapoorvak sham, dam titiksha adi sadhanoan ke sahit nirantar shravan, manan, nididhyasan karana ya keval bhagavanh ke bhajan, smaran, kirtan adi mean hi lage rahana-is prakar jo paramatma ko prapt karane ka marg hai, usaka nam ‘nivrittimarg’ hai aur shrisanakadi, narad ji, rrishabhadev ji aur shukadevaji ki bhaanti use thik-thik samajhakar usake anusar chalana hi usako yatharth janana hai.
- ↑ varn, ashram, prakriti, aur paristhiti aur desh kal ki apeksha se jisake liye jis samay jo karm karana uchit hai, vahi usake liye ‘kartavy’ hai. aur jis samay jis liye jis karm ka tyag uchit hai, vahi usake liye ‘akartavy’ hai, in donoan ko bhalibhaanti samajh lena-arthath kisi bhi kary ke samane ane par yah mere liye kartavy hai ya akartavy, is bat ka yarthath nirnay kar lena hi kartavy aur kartavy ko yatharth janana hai.
- ↑ kisi duahkhaprad vastoo ya ghatana ke upasthit ho jane par usaki sambhavana hone se manushy ke antahkaran mean jo ek akulatabhari kampavritti hoti hai, use ‘bhay’ kahate haian. aur isase viparit jo bhay ke abhav ki vritti hai, use ‘abhay’ kahate haian. in donoan ke tattvoan ko bhalibhaanti samajhakar nibhary ho jana hi bhay or abhay in donoan ko yatharth janana hai.
- ↑ shubhashubh karmoan ke sambandh se jo jiv ko anadi kal se nirantar paravash hokar janm-mrityu ke chakr mean bhatakana p d raha hai, vahi ‘bandhan’ hai aur satsang ke prabhav se karmayog, bhaktiyog tatha jnanayog adi sadhanoan mean se kisi sadhan ke dvara bhagavatkripa se samast shubhashubh karmabandhanoan ko kat jana aur jiv ka bhagavanh ko prapt ho jana hi ‘moksh’ hai.
- ↑ ahiansa, saty, dasha, shaanti, brahmachary, sham, dam, titiksha, tatha yajn, dan, tap evan adhyayan, prajapalan, krishi, pashupalan aur seva adi jitane bhi varnashram ke anusar shastravihit shubhakarm hai- jin acharanoan ka phal shastroan mean is lok aur paralok ke sukh-bhog batalaya gaya hai-tatha jo doosaroan ke hit karm hai, un sab ka nam ‘dharm’ hai, evan jhooth, kapat, chori, vyabhichar, hiansa, dambh, abhakshy bhakshan adi jitane bhi papakarm hai- jinaka phal shastroan mean duahkh batalaya hai-un sabaka nam ‘adharm’ hai. kis samay kis paristhiti mean kaun-sa karm dharm hai aur kaun sa karm adharm hai- isaka thik-thik nirnay karane mean buddhi ka kunthit ho jana, ya sanshayayukt ho jana adi un donoan ka yatharth n janana hai.
- ↑ varn, ashram, prakriti, paristhiti tatha desh aur kal ki apeksha se jis manushy ke liye jo shastravihit karane yogy karm hai- vah kary (kartavy) hai aur jisake liye shastr mean jis karm ko n karane yogy-nishiddh batalaya hai, balki jisaka n karana hi uchit hai- vah akary (akartavy) hai. is drishti se shastranishiddh papakarm to sabake liye akary hai hi, kiantu shastravihit shubh karmoan mean bhi kisi ke liye koee karm kary hota hai aur kisi ke liye koee akary. jaise shood ke liye seva karana kary hai aur yajn, vedadhhyayan adi karana akary hai; sannsasi ke liye vivek, vairagy, shubh, damadika sadhan kary hai aur yajn-danadi ka acharan akary hai brahman ke liye yajn karana karana, dan dena-lena, ved padhana-padhana kary hai aur naukari karana akary hai; vaishy ke liye krishi, goraksha aur vanijyadi kary hai aur dan lena adi akary hai. isi tarah svargadi ki kamana vale manushy ke liye kamy-karm kary hai aur mumukshu ke liye akary hai;virakt brahman ke liye sannyas grahan karana kary hai or bhogasakt ke liye akary hai. isase yah siddh hai ki shastravihit dharm hone se hi vah sabake liye kartavy nahian ho jata. is prakar dharm kary bhi ho sakata hai aur akary bhi. yahi dharm-adharm aur kary-akary ka bhed hai. kisi bhi karm ke karane ka ya tyagane ka avasar ane par ‘amuk karm mere liye kartavy hai ya akartavy’ mujhe kaun-sa karm kis prakar karana chahiye aur kaun-sa nahian karana chahiy’-isaka thik-thik nirnay karane mean jo buddhi ka kiankartavyavimoodh ho jana ya sanshayayukt ho jana hai-yahi kartavy aur akartavy ko yatharth n janana hai.
- ↑ jis buddhi se manushy dharm-adharm ka aur kartavy-akartavy ka thik-thik nirnay nahian kar sakata, jo buddhi isi prakar anyany batoan ka bhi thik-thik nirnay karane mean samarth nahian hoti, vah rajogun ke sambandh se vivek mean apratishthit, vikshipt aur asthir rahati hai; isi karan vah rajasi hai.
- ↑ eeshvaranianda, devaninda, shastravirodh, mata-pita-guru adi ka apaman, varnashram dharm ke pratikool acharan, asantosh, dambh, kapat, vyabhichar, asaty bhashan, parapidan, abhakshy bhajan, yeyachchhachar aur par-sattvapaharan adi nishiddh pap karmoan ko dharm man lena or dhriti, kshama, manonigrah, astey, shauch, indriyanigrah, ghi, vidya, saty, akrodh, eeshvar poojan, devopasana, shastrasevan, varnashram dharmanusar acharan, mata-pita adi gurujanoan ki ajna ka palan, saralata, brahmachary, sattvik bhojan, ahiansa aur paropakar adi shastravihit puny karmoan ko adharm manana-yahi adharm ko dharm aur dharm ko adharm manana hai.
- ↑ adharm ko dharm man lene ki bhaanti hi akartavy, duahkh ko sukh, anity ko nity, ashuddh ko shuddh aur hani ko labh man lena adi jitani bhi viparit manyataean hai, ve sab any padartho ko viparit man lene ke anhtargat hai.
- ↑ 31.0 31.1 mahabharat bhishm parv adhyay 42 shlok 28-35
- ↑ kisi bhi kriya, bhav ya vritti ko dharan karane ki-use dridhatapoorvak sthir rakhane ki jo shakti vishesh hai jisake dvara dharan ki huee koee bhi kriya, bhavana ya vritti vichalit nahian hoti, pratyut chirakal tak sthir rahati hai, us shakti ka nam ‘dhriti’ hai; parantu isake dvara manushy jab tak bhinn-bhinn uddeshyoan se, nana vishayoan ko dharan karata rahata hai, tab tak isaka vyabhichar-dosh nasht nahian hota jab isake dvara manushy apana ek atal uddeshy sthir kar leta hai, us samay yah ‘avyabhicharini’ ho jati hai. sattvik dhriti ka ek hi uddeshy hota hai-paramatma ko prapt karana. isi karan use ‘avyabhicharini’ kahate haian. aisi dharan shakti se paramatma ko prapt karane ke liye dhyanayog dvara man, pran aur indriyoan ki kriyaoan ko atalaroop se paramatma mean rok rakhana hi ‘sattvik dhriti’ hai.
- ↑ asaktiparvak dharm ka palan karana dhriti ke dvara dharm ko dharan karana hai, evan dhanadi padarthoan ko aur unake siddh hone vale bhagoan ko hi jivan ka lakshy banakar atyant asakti ke karan dridhatapoorvak unako pak de rakhana dhriti ke dvara arth aur kamoan ko dharan karana hai.
- ↑ nidra aur tandra adi jo man aur indriyoan ko tamasachchhann, bahar kriya se rahit aur moodh banane vale bhav hai, us sabaka nam ‘nidra’ hai. dhan adi padarthoan ke nash ki, mrityu ki, duahkhaprapti ki, sukh ke nash athava isi tarah any kisi prakar ke isht ke nash aur anisht-prapti ki ashanka se antahkaran mean jo ek akulata aur ghabarahat-bhari vritti hoti hai, usaka nam ‘bhay’ hai yah shak ka sthul bhav hai. tatha jo dhan, jan aur bal adi ke karan hone vali-vivek, bhavishy ke vichar aur dooradarshita se rahit-unmatt vritti hai, use ‘mad’ kahate haian isi ka nam garv, ghamand aur unmattata bhi hai. is sabako tatha pramad adi anyany tamas bhavoan ko jo antahkaran se door hatane ki cheshta n karane inhi mean dube rahana hai, yahi dhriti ke dvara inako n chhodana arthath dharan kiye rahana hai.
- ↑ manushy ko is sukh ka anubhav tabhi hota hai, jab vah is lok aur paralok ke samast bhog-sukhoan ko kshanik samajhakar un sabase asakti hatakar nirantar paramatmasvaroop ke chintan ka abhyas karata hai (gita 5/21) bina sadhan ke isaka anubhav nahian ho sakata- yahi bhav dikhalane ke liye is sukh ka ‘jisamean abhyas se raman karata hai’ yah lakshan kiya gaya hai.
- ↑ jis sukh mean raman karane vala manushy adhyatmik, adhidaivik aur adhibhautik- sab prakar ke duahkhoan ke sambandh se sada ke liye chhoot jata hai jis sukh ke anubhav ka phal niratishay sukhasvaroop sachchidanandan parabrahm paramatma ki prapti batalaya gaya hai(gita 5/21,24; 6/28)-vahi sattvik sukh hai.
- ↑ jis prakar balak apane ghar valoan se vidya ki mahima sunakar vidyabhyas ki cheshta karata hai, par usake mahattv ka yatharth anubhav n hone ke karan arambh kal mean abhyas karate samay use khel-kood ko chho dakar vidyabhyas mean lage rahana atyant kashtaprad aur kathin pratit hota hai, usi prakar sattvik sukh ke liye abhyas karane vale manushyako bhi vishayoanka tyag karake sanyamapoorvak vivek, vairagy, sham, dam aur titiksha adi sadhanoan mean lage rahana atyant shramapoorn aur kashtaprad pratit hota hai yahi sattvik sukh ka arambh kal mean vishake tuly pratit hona hai.
- ↑ jab sattvik sukh ki prapti ke liye sadhan karate-karate sadhak ko us dhyan janit sukh ka anubhav hone lagata hai, tab use vah amrit ke tuly pratit hota hai us samay usake samane sansar ke samast bhog-sukh tuchchh, nagany aur duahkharoop pratit hone lagate haian.
- ↑ uparyukt prakar se abhyas karate-karate nirantar paramatma ka dhyan karane ke phalasvaroop antahkaran ke svachchh hone par is sukh ka anubhav hota hai, isiliye is sukh ko paramatma buddhi ke prasad se utpann hone vala batalaya gaya hai.
- ↑ jab manushy manasahit indriyoan dvara kisi vishay ka sevan karata hai, tab vah use asakti ke karan atyant priy maloom hota hai us samay vah usake samane kisi bhi adrisht sukh ko koee chij nahian samajhata, parantu yah rajas sukh pratitimatr ka hi sukh hai, vastutah sukh nahian hai. pratyut vishayoan mean asakti badh jane se punah unaki prapti ne hone par abhav ke duahkh ka anubhav hota hai tatha unase viyog hote samay bhi atyant dukh hota hai. isaliye vishay aur indriyoan ke sanyog se hone vala yah kshanik sukh yaghapi vastutah sab prakar ke duahkharoop hi hai, tathapi jaise rogi manushy asakti-ke karan svad ke lobh se parinam ka vichar n karake kupathy ka sevan karata hai aur parinam mean rog badh jane se dukhi hota hai ya mrityu ho jati hai; usi prakar vishayasakt manushy bhi moorkhata aur asakti vash parinam ka vichar n karake sukh buddhi se vishayoan ka sevan karata hai aur parinam mean anekoan prakar se bhaanti-bhaanti ke bhishan duahkh bhogata hai. (gita 5/22)
- ↑ nidra ke samay man aur indriyoan ki kriya band ho jane ke karan thakavat se hone vale duahkh ka abhav hone se tatha man aur indriyoan ko vishram milane se jo sukh ki pratiti hoti hai, vah nidrajanit sukh jitani der tak nidra rahati hai utani hi der tak rahata hai, nirantar nahian rahata- is karan kshanik hai. isake atirikt us samay man, buddhi aur indriyoan mean prakash ka abhav ho jata hai, kisi bhi vastu ka anubhav karane ki shakti nahian rahati. is karan to vah sukh bhog-kal mean atma ko yani antahkaran aur indriyoan ko tatha inake abhimani purush ko mohit karane vala hai, aur is sukh ki asakti ke karan parinam mean manushy ko ajnanamay vriksh, paha d adi j d yoniyoan me janm grahan karana p data hai, atev yah parinam mean bhi atma ko mohit karane vala hai.
isi tarah samast kriyaoan ka tyag karake p de rahane ke samay jo man, indriy, aur sharir ke parishram ka tyag kar dene se aram ki pratiti hoti hai, vah alasyajanit sukh bhi nidrajanit sukh ki bhaanti bhogakal mean aur parinamoan mean hi mohit karane vala hai.
vyarth kriyaoan ke karane mean man ki prasannata ke karan kartavy ka tyag karane mean parishram se bachane ke karan moorkhata-vash jo sukh ki pratiti hoti hai, us pramad janit sukh-bhog ke samay manushyoan ko kartavy-akartavy ka kuchh bhi jnan nahian rahata, usaki vivek shakti moh se dhak jati hai atah kartavy ki avahelana hoti hai. is karan yah pramadajanit sukh bhogakal mean atma ko mohit karane vala hai tatha uparyukt vyarth karmoan mean ajnan aur asaktivash hone vala jhooth, kapat, hiansa adi papakarmoan aur kartavy karmoan ke tyag ka phal bhogane ke liye aisa karane valoan ko sookar-kookar adi nich yoniyoan ki aur narakoan ki prapti hoti hai isase yah parinam mean bhi atma ko mohit karane vala hai. - ↑ ‘sattv’ shabd yahaan vastu matr yani sab prakar ke praniyoan ka aur samast padarthoan ka vachak hai aisa koee bhi sattv nahian hai, jo prakriti se utpann in tinoan gunoan se rahit ho khyoanki samast j davarg to gunoan ka kary hone se gunamay hai hi aur samast praniyoan ka un gunoan se aur gunoan ke karyaroop padarthoan se sambandh hai, isase yah sab bhi tinoan guno se yukt hi hai isaliye prithvilok, antarikshalok tatha devalok ke evan any sab lok ke prani evan padarth sabhi in tinoan gunoan se yukt hai.
- ↑ mahabharat bhishm parv adhyay 42 shlok 36-40
sambandhit lekh
mahabharat bhishm parv mean ullekhit kathaean
jambookhandavinirman parv
kurukshetr mean ubhay paksh ke sainikoan ki sthiti
| kaurav-paandav dvara yuddh ke niyamoan ka nirman
| vedavyas dvara sanjay ko divy drishti ka dan
| vedavyas dvara bhayasoochak utpatoan ka varnan
| vedavyas dvara amangalasoochak utpatoan ka varnan
| vedavyas dvara vijayasoochak lakshanoan ka varnan
| sanjay dvara dhritarashtr se bhoomi ke mahattv ka varnan
| panchamahabhootoan dvara sudarshan dvip ka sankshipt varnan
| sudarshan dvip ke varsh tatha shashakriti adi ka varnan
| uttar kuru, bhadrashvavarsh tatha malyavan ka varnan
| ramanak, hiranyak, shriangavan parvat tatha airavatavarsh ka varnan
| bharatavarsh ki nadiyoan tatha deshoan ka varnan
| bharatavarsh ke janapadoan ke nam tatha bhoomi ka mahattv
| yugoan ke anusar manushyoan ki ayu tatha gunoan ka niroopan
bhoomi parv
sanjay dvara shakadvip ka varnan
| kush, krauanch tatha pushkar adi dvipoan ka varnan
| rahoo, soory evan chandrama ke praman ka varnan
shrimadbhagavadgita parv
sanjay ka dhritarashtr ko bhishm ki mrityu ka samachar sunana
| bhishm ke mare jane par dhritarashtr ka vilap
| dhritarashtr ka sanjay se bhishmavadh ghatanakram janane hetu prashn karana
| sanjay dvara yuddh ke vrittant ka varnan arambh karana
| duryodhan ki sena ka varnan
| kauravoan ke vyooh, vahan aur dhvaj adi ka varnan
| kaurav sena ka kolahal tatha bhishm ke rakshakoan ka varnan
| arjun dvara vajravyooh ki rachana
| bhimasen ki adhyakshata mean paandav sena ka age badhana
| kaurav-paandav senaoan ki sthiti
| yudhishthir ka vishad aur arjun ka unhean ashvasan
| yudhishthir ki ranayatra
| arjun dvara devi durga ki stuti
| arjun ko devi durga se var ki prapti
| sainikoan ke harsh tatha utsah vishayak dhritarashtr aur sanjay ka sanvad
| kaurav-paandav sena ke pradhan viroan tatha shankhadhvani ka varnan
| svajanavadh ke pap se bhayabhit arjun ka vishad
| krishn dvara arjun ka utsahavardhan evan saankhyayog ki mahima ka pratipadan
| krishn dvara karmayog evan sthitaprajn ki sthiti aur mahima ka pratipadan
| kartavyakarm ki avashyakata ka pratipadan evan svadharmapalan ki mahima ka varnan
| kamanirodh ke upay ka varnan
| nishkam karmayog tatha yogi mahatma purushoan ke acharan evan mahima ka varnan
| vividh yajnoan tatha jnan ki mahima ka varnan
| saankhyayog, nishkam karmayog, jnanayog evan dhyanayog ka varnan
| nishkam karmayog ka pratipadan aur atmoddhar ke lie prerana
| dhyanayog evan yogabhrasht ki gati ka varnan
| jnan-vijnan evan bhagavan ki vyapakata ka varnan
| krishn ka arjun se bhagavan ko janane aur n janane valoan ki mahima ka varnan
| brahm, adhyatm tatha karmadi vishayak arjun ke sat prashn aur unaka uttar
| krishn dvara bhaktiyog tatha shukl aur krishn margoan ka pratipadan
| jnan vijnan sahit jagat ki utpatti ka varnan
| prabhavasahit bhagavan ke svaroop ka varnan
| asuri aur daivi sampada valoan ka varnan
| sakam aur nishkam upasana ka varnan
| bhagavadbhakti ki mahima ka varnan
| krishn dvara arjun se sharanagati bhakti ke mahattv ka varnan
| krishn dvara apani vibhooti aur yogashakti ka varnan
| krishn dvara prabhavasahit bhaktiyog ka kathan
| krishn dvara apani vibhootiyoan aur yogashakti ka pun: varnan
| arjun dvara krishn se vishvaroop ka darshan karane ki prarthana
| krishn aur sanjay dvara vishvaroop ka varnan
| arjun dvara krishn ke vishvaroop ka dekha jana
| arjun dvara krishn ki stuti aur prarthana
| krishn ke vishvaroop aur chaturbhujaroop ke darshan ki mahima ka kathan
| sakar aur nirakar upasakoan ki uttamata ka nirnay
| bhagavatprapti vale purushoan ke lakshanoan ka varnan
| jnan sahit kshetr-kshetrajn ka varnan
| prakriti aur purush ka varnan
| jnan ki mahima aur prakriti-purush se jagat ki utpatti ka varnan
| sattv, raj aur tam gunoan ka varnan
| bhagavatprapti ke upay tatha gunatit purushoan ke lakshanoan ka varnan
| sansaravriksh aur bhagavatprapti ke upay ka varnan
| prabhav sahit parameshvar ke svaroop aur purushottam ke tattv ka varnan
| daivi aur asuri sampada ka phalasahit varnan
| shastr ke anukool acharan karane ke lie prerana
| shraddha aur shastr viparit ghor tap karane valoan ka varnan
| ahar, yajn, tap aur dan ke bhed ki vyakhya
| om, tath aur sath ke prayog ki vyakhya
| tyag aur saankhyasiddhant ka varnan
| bhaktisahit nishkam karmayog ka varnan
| phal sahit varn-dharm ka varnan
| upasana sahit jnananishtha ka varnan
| bhaktipradhan karmayog ki mahima ka varnan
| gita ke mahatmy ka varnan
bhishmavadh parv
yudhishthir ka bhishm, dron adi se anumati lekar yuddh hetu taiyar hona
| kaurav-paandavoan ke pratham din ke yuddh ka prarambh
| ubhay paksh ke sainikoan ka dvandv yuddh
| kaurav-paandav sena ka ghamasan yuddh
| bhishm ke sath abhimanyu ka bhayankar yuddh
| shaly dvara uttarakumar ka vadh aur shvet ka parakram
| virat ke putr shvet ka mahaparakram
| bhishm dvara shvet ka vadh
| bhishm ka prachand parakram tatha pratham din ke yuddh ki samapti
| yudhishthir ki chianta aur shrikrishn dvara unako ashvasan
| dhrishtadyumn ka utsah aur krauancharun vyooh ki rachana
| kaurav sena ki vyooh rachana
| kaurav-paandav sena mean shankhadhvani aur sianhanad
| bhishm aur arjun ka yuddh
| dhrishtadyumn aur dronachary ka yuddh
| bhimasen ka kaliangoan aur nishadoan se yuddh
| bhimasen dvara shakradev aur bhanuman ka vadh
| bhimasen dvara kee gajarajoan aur ketuman ka vadh
| bhimasen dvara kaurav sena ke asankhy sainikoan ka vadh
| abhimanyu aur arjun ka parakram tatha doosare din ke yuddh ki samapti
| kaurav-paandavoan ki vyooh rachana
| ubhay paksh ki senaoan ka ghamasan yuddh
| paandav viroan ka parakram aur kaurav sena mean bhagad d
| duryodhan aur bhishm ka sanvad
| bhishm ka parakram
| krishn ka bhishm ko marane ke lie udyat hona
| arjun dvara kaurav sena ki parajay aur tisare din ke yuddh ki samapti
| kaurav-paandav senaoan ka vyooh nirman
| bhishm aur arjun ka dvairath yuddh
| abhimanyu ka parakram
| dhrishtadyumn dvara shal ke putr ka vadh
| dhrishtadyumn aur shaly adi donoan paksh ke viroan ka yuddh
| bhimasen dvara gajasena ka sanhar
| bhimasen ka parakram
| satyaki aur bhoorishrava ki muthabhe d
| bhimasen aur ghatotkach ka parakram
| kauravoan ki parajay tatha chauthe din ke yuddh ki samapti
| dhritarashtr-sanjay prasang mean duryodhan ka bhishm se paandavoan ki vijay ka karan poochhana
| bhishm ka brahma dvara ki huee bhagavat-stuti ka kathan
| narayanavatar shrikrishn evan naravatar arjun ki mahima ka pratipadan
| bhagavan shrikrishn ki mahima
| brahmabhootastotr tatha shrikrishn aur arjun ki mahatta
| kauravoan dvara makaravyooh tatha paandavoan dvara shyenavyooh ka nirman
| bhishm aur bhimasen ka ghamasan yuddh
| bhishm, arjun adi yoddhaoan ka ghamasan yuddh
| kaurav-paandav senaoan ka paraspar ghor yuddh
| kaurav-paandav yoddhaoan ka dvandv yuddh
| bhoorishrava dvara satyaki ke das putroan ka vadh
| arjun ka parakram tatha paanchavean din ke yuddh ki samapti
| paandavoan dvara makaravyooh tatha kauravoan dvara krauanchavyooh ka nirman
| dhritarashtr ki chinta
| bhimasen, dhrishtadyumn tatha dronachary ka parakram
| ubhay paksh ki senaoan ka sankul yuddh
| bhimasen ke dvara duryodhan ki parajay
| abhimanyu adi ka dhritarashtraputroan ke sath yuddh tatha chhathe din ke yuddh ki samapti
| bhishm dvara duryodhan ko ashvasan
| kaurav-paandav senaoan ka mandal aur vajravyooh banakar bhishan sangharsh
| shrikrishn aur arjun se darakar kaurav sena mean bhagad d
| dronachary aur virat ka yuddh tatha virataputr shankh ka vadh
| shikhandi aur ashvatthama ka yuddh
| satyaki dvara alambush ki parajay
| dhrishtadyumn aur duryodhan tatha bhimasen aur kritavarma ka yuddh
| iravan dvara vind-anuvind ki parajay
| bhagadatt dvara ghatotkach ki parajay
| madraraj par nakul aur sahadev ki vijay
| yudhishthir dvara raja shrutayu ki parajay
| mahabharat yuddh mean chekitan aur kripachary ka moorchhit hona
| bhoorishrava se dhrishtaketu tatha abhimanyu se chitrasen adi ki parajay
| susharma adi se arjun ka yuddharambh
| arjun ka parakram aur paandavoan ka bhishm par akraman
| yudhishthir ka shikhandi ko upalambh
| bhimasen ka purusharth
| bhishm aur yudhishthir ka yuddh
| dhrishtadyumn ke sath vind-anuvind ka sangram
| dron adi ka parakram aur satavean din ke yuddh ki samapti
| vyoohabaddh kaurav-paandav senaoan ki ranayatra
| vyoohabaddh kaurav-paandav senaoan ka ghamasan yuddh
| bhishm ka ranabhoomi mean parakram
| bhimasen dvara dhritarashtr ke ath putroan ka vadh
| duryodhan aur bhishm ka yuddh vishayak vartalap
| kaurav-paandav sena ka ghamasan yuddh aur bhayanak janasanhar
| iravan dvara shakuni ke bhaiyoan ka vadh
| alambush dvara iravan ka vadh
| ghatotkach aur duryodhan ka bhayanak yuddh
| ghatotkach ka duryodhan evan dron adi viroan ke sath yuddh
| ghatotkach ki raksha ke lie bhimasen ka agaman
| bhim adi shooraviroan ke sath kauravoan ka yuddh
| duryodhan aur bhimasen tatha ashvatthama aur raja nil ka yuddh
| ghatotkach ki maya se kaurav sena ka palayan
| bhishm ki ajna se bhagadatt ka ghatotkach se yuddh hetu prasthan
| bhagadatt ka ghatotkach, bhimasen aur paandav sena ke sath yuddh
| iravan ke vadh se arjun ka du:khapoorn udgar
| bhimasen dvara dhritarashtr ke nau putroan ka vadh
| abhimanyu aur ambashth ka yuddh
| yuddh ki bhayanak sthiti ka varnan aur athavean din ke yuddh ki samapti
| duryodhan ki shakuni tatha karn adi ke sath paandavoan par vijay hetu mantrana
| duryodhan ka bhishm se paandavoan ka vadh athava karn ko yuddh hetu ajna dene ka anurodh
| bhishm ka duryodhan ko arjun ka parakram batana aur bhayankar yuddh ki pratijna
| duryodhan dvara bhishm ki raksha ki vyavastha
| ubhayapaksh ki senaoan ki vyooh rachana tatha ghamasan yuddh
| vinashasoochak utpatoan ka varnan
| abhimanyu ke parakram se kaurav sena ka yuddhabhoomi se palayan
| abhimanyu tatha draupadi ke putroan ka alambush se ghor yuddh
| abhimanyu dvara alambush ki parajay
| arjun ke sath bhishm ka yuddh
| kripachary, dronachary tatha ashvatthama ke sath satyaki ka yuddh
| dronachary aur susharma ke sath arjun ka yuddh
| bhimasen dvara ranabhoomi mean gajasena ka sanhar
| kaurav-paandav ubhay paksh ki senaoan ka ghamasan yuddh
| raktamayi rananadi ka varnan
| arjun dvara trigartoan ki parajay
| abhimanyu se chitrasen ki parajay
| satyaki aur bhishm ka yuddh
| duryodhan dvara du:shasan ko bhishm ki raksha ka adesh
| shakuni ki ghu dasavar sena ki parajay
| yudhishthir aur nakul-sahadev ke sath shaly ka yuddh
| bhishm dvara parajit paandav sena ka palayan
| bhishm ko marane ke lie krishn ka udyat hona
| arjun dvara udyat hue krishn ko rokana
| navean din ke yuddh ki samapti
| krishn v paandavoan ki gupt mantrana
| krishnasahit paandavoan ka bhishm se unake vadh ka upay poochhana
| ubhayapaksh ki sena ka ran prasthan v dasavean din ke yuddh ka prarambh
| shikhandi ko age kar paandavoan ka bhishm par akraman
| shikhandi evan bhishm ka yuddh
| bhishm-duryodhan sanvad
| bhishm dvara lakhoan paandav sainikoan ka sanhar
| arjun ke protsahan se shikhandi ka bhishm par akraman
| du:shasan ka arjun ke sath ghor yuddh
| kaurav-paandav paksh ke pramukh maharathiyoan ke dvandvayuddh ka varnan
| dronachary ka ashvatthama ko ashubh shakunoan ki soochana dena
| dronachary ka ashvatthama ko dhrishtadyumn se yuddh karane ka adesh
| kaurav paksh ke das maharathiyoan ke sath bhim ka ghor yuddh
| kaurav maharathiyoan ke sath bhim aur arjun ka adbhut purusharth
| bhishm ke adesh se yudhishthir ka un par akraman
| kaurav-paandav sainikoan ka bhishan yuddh
| kaurav-paandav maharathiyoan ke dvandvayuddh ka varnan
| bhishm ka adbhut parakram
| ubhay paksh ki senaoan ka yuddh tatha du:shasan ka parakram
| arjun ke dvara bhishm ka moorchchhit hona
| bhishm dvara paandav sena ka bhishan sanhar
| arjun ka bhishm ko rath se girana
| sharashayya par sthit bhishm ke pas rrishiyoan ka agaman
| bhishm dvara uttarayan ki pratiksha kar pran dharan karana
| bhishm ki mahatta
| arjun dvara bhishm ko takiya dena
| ubhay paksh ki senaoan ka apane shibir mean jana evan krishn-yudhishthir sanvad
| arjun dvara bhishm ki pyas bujhana
| arjun ki prasansha kar bhishm ka duryodhan ko sandhi ke lie samajhana
| bhishm aur karn ka rahasyamay sanvad
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj