त्याग और सांख्यसिद्धान्त का वर्णन

mahabharat bhishm parv mean shrimadbhagavadgita parv ke aantargat 42vean adhyay mean 'tyag aur saankhyasiddhant ka varnan' hua hai, jo is prakar hai-

arjun ka krishn ko apani ichchha prakat karana

sambandh-gita ke doosare adhyay ke gyarahavean shlok se gita ke upadesh ka arambh hua. vahaan se arambh karake tisavean shlok tak bhagavanh ne arjun ko jnan yog ka upadesh diya. aur prasangavash kshatradharm ki drishti se yuddh karane ki kartavyata ka pratipadan karake unchalisavean shlok se lekar adhyay ki samapti paryant karmayog ka upadesh diya, usake bad tisare adhyay se satarahavean adhyay tak kahian jnanayog ki drishti se aur kahi karmayog ki drishti se paramatma ki prapti ke bahut se sadhan batalaye. un sabako sunane ke anantar ab arjun is atharahavean adhyay mean samast adhyayoan ke upadesh ka sar janane ke uddeshy se bhagavanh ke samane sannyas yani jnanayog ka aur tyag yani phalasakti ke tyagaroop karmayog ka tattv bhalibhaanti alag-alag janane ki ichchha prakat karate haian- arjun bole- he mahabaho! he antaryaminh! he vasudev! maian sannyas aur tyag ke tattv ko prithakh-prithak janana chahata hooan.

shribhagavanh bole- he arjun! kitane hi panditajan to kamy karmoan ke tyag ko sannyas samajhate haian tatha doosare vicharakushal purush sab karmoan ke phal ke tyag ko tyag kahate haian. kee ek vidvan aisa kahate haian ki karmamatr doshayukt hai, isaliye tyagane ke yogy hai aur doosare vidvan yah kahate haian ki yajn, dan aur tap roop karm tyagane yogy nahian hai.

krishn ka tyag ke vishay mean arjun ko batalana

sambandh- is prakar sannyas aur tyag ke vishayoan mean vidvanoan ke bhinn-bhinn mat batalakar ab bhagavanh tyag ke vishay mean apana nishchay batalana arambh karate haian, krishn kahate haian- he purush arjun! sannyas aur tyag, in donoan mean se pahale tyag ke vishay mean too mera nishchay sun; kh‍yoanki tyag sattvik, rajas aur tamas-bhed se tin prakar ka kaha gaya hai. yajn, dan aur taparoop karm tyag karane ke yogy nahian hai, balki vah to avashy kartavy hai kh‍yoanki yajn, dan aur tap- ye tinoan hi karm buddhiman purushoan ko pavitr karane vale hai. isaliye he parth! in yajn, dan aur taparoop karmoan ko tatha aur bhi sampoorn kartavy karmoan ko asakti aur phaloan ka tyag karake avashy karana chahiye yah mera nishchay kiya hua uttam mat hai.

sambandh-ab tin shlokoan mean kram se uparyukt tin prakar ke tyagoan ke lakshan batalate haian-(nishiddh aur kamy karmoan ka to svaroop se tyag karana uchit hi hai) parantu niyat karm ka svaroop se tyag uchit nahian hai. isaliye moh ke karan usaka tyag kar dena tamas tyag kaha gaya hai. jo kuchh karm hai vah sab duahkhasvaroop hi hai-aisa samajh kar yadi koee sharirik klesh ke bhay se kartavy karmoan ka tyag kar de, to vah aisa rajas tyag karake tyag ke phal ko kisi prakar bhi nahian pata. he arjun! jo shastravihit karm karana kartavy hai- isi bhav se asakti aur phal ka tyag karake kiya jata hai- vahi sattvik tyag mana gaya hai.

sambandh-upayukt prakar se sattvik tyag karane vale purush ka nishiddh aur kamyakarmoan svaroop se chhodane mean aur kartavy karmoan ke karane mean kaisa bhav rahata hai, is jijnasa par sattvik tyagi purush ki aantim sthiti ke lakshan batalate hai’- jo manushy akushal karm se to dvesh nahian karata aur kushal karm mean asakt nahian hota, vah shuddh sattvagun se yukt purush sanshayarahit, buddhimanh aur sachcha tyagi hai. kh‍yoanki shariradhari kisi bhi manushy ke dvara sampoornata se sab karmoan ka tyag kiya jana shaky nahian hai; isaliye jo karmaphal ka tyagi hai, vahi tyagi hai- yah kaha jata hai. karmaphal ka tyag n karane vale manushyoan ke karmoan ka to achchha, bura aur mila hua- aise tin prakar ka phal marane ke pashchath avashy hota hai; kiantu karmaphal ka tyag kar dene vale manushyoan ke karmoan ka phal kisi kal mean bhi nahian hota.

krishn ka saankhyayog tattv ke vishay mean arjun ko samajhana

sambandh-pahale shlok mean arjun ne sannyas aur tyag ka tattv alag-alag janane ki ichchha prakat ki thi. usaka uttar dete hue bhagavanh ne doosare aur tisare shlokoan mean is vishay par vidvanoan ke bhinn-bhinn mat batalakar apane mat ke anusar chauthe shlok se barahavean shlok tak tyag ka yani karmayog ka tattv bhalibhaanti samajhaya ab sanyas ka yani saankhyayog ka tattv samajhane ke liye pahale saankhy-siddhant ke anusar karmoan ko siddhi mean paanch hetu batalate hai- he mahabaho! samh‍poorn karmoan ki siddhi ye paanch hetu karmoan ka ant karane ke liye upay batalane vale saankhy-shastr mean kahe gaye haian, unako too mujhase bhalibhaanti jan. is vishay mean arthat karmoan ki siddhi mean adhishthan aur karta tatha bhinn-bhinn prakar ke karan evan nana prakar ki alag-alag cheshtaean aur vaise hi paanchavaan hetu daiv hai. manushy, man, vani aur sharir se shastranukool athava viparit jo kuchh bhi karm karata hai, usake ye paanchoan karan haian.

sambandh- is prakar saankhyayog ke siddhant se samast karmoan ki siddhi adhishthanadi paanch karanoan ka niroopan karake ab, vastav mean atma ka karmoan se koee sambandh nahian hai, atma sarvatha shuddh nirvikar aur akarta hai- yah bat samajhane ke liye atma ko karta manane vale ki nianda karake akarta manane vale ki stuti karate haian. parantu aisa hone par bhi jo manushy ashuddh buddhi hone ke karan us vishay mean yani karmoan ke hone mean keval shuddhasvaroop atma ko karta samajhata hai, vah malin buddhivala ajnani yatharth nahian samajhata. jis purush ke antahkaran ‘maian karta hooan’ aisa bhav nahian hai tatha jisaki buddhi saansarik padarthoan mean aur karmoan mean lipayaman nahian hoti vah purush in sab lokoan ko marakar bhi vastav mean n to marata hai aur n pap se bandhata hai.

sambandhit lekh

mahabharat bhishm parv mean ullekhit kathaean

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jambookhandavinirman parv
kurukshetr mean ubhay paksh ke sainikoan ki sthiti | kaurav-paandav dvara yuddh ke niyamoan ka nirman | vedavyas dvara sanjay ko divy drishti ka dan | vedavyas dvara bhayasoochak utpatoan ka varnan | vedavyas dvara amangalasoochak utpatoan ka varnan | vedavyas dvara vijayasoochak lakshanoan ka varnan | sanjay dvara dhritarashtr se bhoomi ke mahattv ka varnan | panchamahabhootoan dvara sudarshan dvip ka sankshipt varnan | sudarshan dvip ke varsh tatha shashakriti adi ka varnan | uttar kuru, bhadrashvavarsh tatha malyavan ka varnan | ramanak, hiranyak, shriangavan parvat tatha airavatavarsh ka varnan | bharatavarsh ki nadiyoan tatha deshoan ka varnan | bharatavarsh ke janapadoan ke nam tatha bhoomi ka mahattv | yugoan ke anusar manushyoan ki ayu tatha gunoan ka niroopan
bhoomi parv
sanjay dvara shakadvip ka varnan | kush, krauanch tatha pushkar adi dvipoan ka varnan | rahoo, soory evan chandrama ke praman ka varnan
shrimadbhagavadgita parv
sanjay ka dhritarashtr ko bhishm ki mrityu ka samachar sunana | bhishm ke mare jane par dhritarashtr ka vilap | dhritarashtr ka sanjay se bhishmavadh ghatanakram janane hetu prashn karana | sanjay dvara yuddh ke vrittant ka varnan arambh karana | duryodhan ki sena ka varnan | kauravoan ke vyooh, vahan aur dhvaj adi ka varnan | kaurav sena ka kolahal tatha bhishm ke rakshakoan ka varnan | arjun dvara vajravyooh ki rachana | bhimasen ki adhyakshata mean paandav sena ka age badhana | kaurav-paandav senaoan ki sthiti | yudhishthir ka vishad aur arjun ka unhean ashvasan | yudhishthir ki ranayatra | arjun dvara devi durga ki stuti | arjun ko devi durga se var ki prapti | sainikoan ke harsh tatha utsah vishayak dhritarashtr aur sanjay ka sanvad | kaurav-paandav sena ke pradhan viroan tatha shankhadhvani ka varnan | svajanavadh ke pap se bhayabhit arjun ka vishad | krishn dvara arjun ka utsahavardhan evan saankhyayog ki mahima ka pratipadan | krishn dvara karmayog evan sthitaprajn ki sthiti aur mahima ka pratipadan | kartavyakarm ki avashyakata ka pratipadan evan svadharmapalan ki mahima ka varnan | kamanirodh ke upay ka varnan | nishkam karmayog tatha yogi mahatma purushoan ke acharan evan mahima ka varnan | vividh yajnoan tatha jnan ki mahima ka varnan | saankhyayog, nishkam karmayog, jnanayog evan dhyanayog ka varnan | nishkam karmayog ka pratipadan aur atmoddhar ke lie prerana | dhyanayog evan yogabhrasht ki gati ka varnan | jnan-vijnan evan bhagavan ki vyapakata ka varnan | krishn ka arjun se bhagavan ko janane aur n janane valoan ki mahima ka varnan | brahm, adhyatm tatha karmadi vishayak arjun ke sat prashn aur unaka uttar | krishn dvara bhaktiyog tatha shukl aur krishn margoan ka pratipadan | jnan vijnan sahit jagat ki utpatti ka varnan | prabhavasahit bhagavan ke svaroop ka varnan | asuri aur daivi sampada valoan ka varnan | sakam aur nishkam upasana ka varnan | bhagavadbhakti ki mahima ka varnan | krishn dvara arjun se sharanagati bhakti ke mahattv ka varnan | krishn dvara apani vibhooti aur yogashakti ka varnan | krishn dvara prabhavasahit bhaktiyog ka kathan | krishn dvara apani vibhootiyoan aur yogashakti ka pun: varnan | arjun dvara krishn se vishvaroop ka darshan karane ki prarthana | krishn aur sanjay dvara vishvaroop ka varnan | arjun dvara krishn ke vishvaroop ka dekha jana | arjun dvara krishn ki stuti aur prarthana | krishn ke vishvaroop aur chaturbhujaroop ke darshan ki mahima ka kathan | sakar aur nirakar upasakoan ki uttamata ka nirnay | bhagavatprapti vale purushoan ke lakshanoan ka varnan | jnan sahit kshetr-kshetrajn ka varnan | prakriti aur purush ka varnan | jnan ki mahima aur prakriti-purush se jagat ki utpatti ka varnan | sattv, raj aur tam gunoan ka varnan | bhagavatprapti ke upay tatha gunatit purushoan ke lakshanoan ka varnan | sansaravriksh aur bhagavatprapti ke upay ka varnan | prabhav sahit parameshvar ke svaroop aur purushottam ke tattv ka varnan | daivi aur asuri sampada ka phalasahit varnan | shastr ke anukool acharan karane ke lie prerana | shraddha aur shastr viparit ghor tap karane valoan ka varnan | ahar, yajn, tap aur dan ke bhed ki vyakhya | om, tath‌ aur sath‌ ke prayog ki vyakhya | tyag aur saankhyasiddhant ka varnan | bhaktisahit nishkam karmayog ka varnan | phal sahit varn-dharm ka varnan | upasana sahit jnananishtha ka varnan | bhaktipradhan karmayog ki mahima ka varnan | gita ke mahatmy ka varnan
bhishmavadh parv
yudhishthir ka bhishm, dron adi se anumati lekar yuddh hetu taiyar hona | kaurav-paandavoan ke pratham din ke yuddh ka prarambh | ubhay paksh ke sainikoan ka dvandv yuddh | kaurav-paandav sena ka ghamasan yuddh | bhishm ke sath abhimanyu ka bhayankar yuddh | shaly dvara uttarakumar ka vadh aur shvet ka parakram | virat ke putr shvet ka mahaparakram | bhishm dvara shvet ka vadh | bhishm ka prachand parakram tatha pratham din ke yuddh ki samapti | yudhishthir ki chianta aur shrikrishn dvara unako ashvasan | dhrishtadyumn ka utsah aur krauancharun vyooh ki rachana | kaurav sena ki vyooh rachana | kaurav-paandav sena mean shankhadhvani aur sianhanad | bhishm aur arjun ka yuddh | dhrishtadyumn aur dronachary ka yuddh | bhimasen ka kaliangoan aur nishadoan se yuddh | bhimasen dvara shakradev aur bhanuman ka vadh | bhimasen dvara kee gajarajoan aur ketuman ka vadh | bhimasen dvara kaurav sena ke asankhy sainikoan ka vadh | abhimanyu aur arjun ka parakram tatha doosare din ke yuddh ki samapti | kaurav-paandavoan ki vyooh rachana | ubhay paksh ki senaoan ka ghamasan yuddh | paandav viroan ka parakram aur kaurav sena mean bhagad d | duryodhan aur bhishm ka sanvad | bhishm ka parakram | krishn ka bhishm ko marane ke lie udyat hona | arjun dvara kaurav sena ki parajay aur tisare din ke yuddh ki samapti | kaurav-paandav senaoan ka vyooh nirman | bhishm aur arjun ka dvairath yuddh | abhimanyu ka parakram | dhrishtadyumn dvara shal ke putr ka vadh | dhrishtadyumn aur shaly adi donoan paksh ke viroan ka yuddh | bhimasen dvara gajasena ka sanhar | bhimasen ka parakram | satyaki aur bhoorishrava ki muthabhe d | bhimasen aur ghatotkach ka parakram | kauravoan ki parajay tatha chauthe din ke yuddh ki samapti | dhritarashtr-sanjay prasang mean duryodhan ka bhishm se paandavoan ki vijay ka karan poochhana | bhishm ka brahma dvara ki huee bhagavat-stuti ka kathan | narayanavatar shrikrishn evan naravatar arjun ki mahima ka pratipadan | bhagavan shrikrishn ki mahima | brahmabhootastotr tatha shrikrishn aur arjun ki mahatta | kauravoan dvara makaravyooh tatha paandavoan dvara shyenavyooh ka nirman | bhishm aur bhimasen ka ghamasan yuddh | bhishm, arjun adi yoddhaoan ka ghamasan yuddh | kaurav-paandav senaoan ka paraspar ghor yuddh | kaurav-paandav yoddhaoan ka dvandv yuddh | bhoorishrava dvara satyaki ke das putroan ka vadh | arjun ka parakram tatha paanchavean din ke yuddh ki samapti | paandavoan dvara makaravyooh tatha kauravoan dvara krauanchavyooh ka nirman | dhritarashtr ki chinta | bhimasen, dhrishtadyumn tatha dronachary ka parakram | ubhay paksh ki senaoan ka sankul yuddh | bhimasen ke dvara duryodhan ki parajay | abhimanyu adi ka dhritarashtraputroan ke sath yuddh tatha chhathe din ke yuddh ki samapti | bhishm dvara duryodhan ko ashvasan | kaurav-paandav senaoan ka mandal aur vajravyooh banakar bhishan sangharsh | shrikrishn aur arjun se darakar kaurav sena mean bhagad d | dronachary aur virat ka yuddh tatha virataputr shankh ka vadh | shikhandi aur ashvatthama ka yuddh | satyaki dvara alambush ki parajay | dhrishtadyumn aur duryodhan tatha bhimasen aur kritavarma ka yuddh | iravan dvara vind-anuvind ki parajay | bhagadatt dvara ghatotkach ki parajay | madraraj par nakul aur sahadev ki vijay | yudhishthir dvara raja shrutayu ki parajay | mahabharat yuddh mean chekitan aur kripachary ka moorchhit hona | bhoorishrava se dhrishtaketu tatha abhimanyu se chitrasen adi ki parajay | susharma adi se arjun ka yuddharambh | arjun ka parakram aur paandavoan ka bhishm par akraman | yudhishthir ka shikhandi ko upalambh | bhimasen ka purusharth | bhishm aur yudhishthir ka yuddh | dhrishtadyumn ke sath vind-anuvind ka sangram | dron adi ka parakram aur satavean din ke yuddh ki samapti | vyoohabaddh kaurav-paandav senaoan ki ranayatra | vyoohabaddh kaurav-paandav senaoan ka ghamasan yuddh | bhishm ka ranabhoomi mean parakram | bhimasen dvara dhritarashtr ke ath putroan ka vadh | duryodhan aur bhishm ka yuddh vishayak vartalap | kaurav-paandav sena ka ghamasan yuddh aur bhayanak janasanhar | iravan dvara shakuni ke bhaiyoan ka vadh | alambush dvara iravan ka vadh | ghatotkach aur duryodhan ka bhayanak yuddh | ghatotkach ka duryodhan evan dron adi viroan ke sath yuddh | ghatotkach ki raksha ke lie bhimasen ka agaman | bhim adi shooraviroan ke sath kauravoan ka yuddh | duryodhan aur bhimasen tatha ashvatthama aur raja nil ka yuddh | ghatotkach ki maya se kaurav sena ka palayan | bhishm ki ajna se bhagadatt ka ghatotkach se yuddh hetu prasthan | bhagadatt ka ghatotkach, bhimasen aur paandav sena ke sath yuddh | iravan ke vadh se arjun ka du:khapoorn udgar | bhimasen dvara dhritarashtr ke nau putroan ka vadh | abhimanyu aur ambashth ka yuddh | yuddh ki bhayanak sthiti ka varnan aur athavean din ke yuddh ki samapti | duryodhan ki shakuni tatha karn adi ke sath paandavoan par vijay hetu mantrana | duryodhan ka bhishm se paandavoan ka vadh athava karn ko yuddh hetu ajna dene ka anurodh | bhishm ka duryodhan ko arjun ka parakram batana aur bhayankar yuddh ki pratijna | duryodhan dvara bhishm ki raksha ki vyavastha | ubhayapaksh ki senaoan ki vyooh rachana tatha ghamasan yuddh | vinashasoochak utpatoan ka varnan | abhimanyu ke parakram se kaurav sena ka yuddhabhoomi se palayan | abhimanyu tatha draupadi ke putroan ka alambush se ghor yuddh | abhimanyu dvara alambush ki parajay | arjun ke sath bhishm ka yuddh | kripachary, dronachary tatha ashvatthama ke sath satyaki ka yuddh | dronachary aur susharma ke sath arjun ka yuddh | bhimasen dvara ranabhoomi mean gajasena ka sanhar | kaurav-paandav ubhay paksh ki senaoan ka ghamasan yuddh | raktamayi rananadi ka varnan | arjun dvara trigartoan ki parajay | abhimanyu se chitrasen ki parajay | satyaki aur bhishm ka yuddh | duryodhan dvara du:shasan ko bhishm ki raksha ka adesh | shakuni ki ghu dasavar sena ki parajay | yudhishthir aur nakul-sahadev ke sath shaly ka yuddh | bhishm dvara parajit paandav sena ka palayan | bhishm ko marane ke lie krishn ka udyat hona | arjun dvara udyat hue krishn ko rokana | navean din ke yuddh ki samapti | krishn v paandavoan ki gupt mantrana | krishnasahit paandavoan ka bhishm se unake vadh ka upay poochhana | ubhayapaksh ki sena ka ran prasthan v dasavean din ke yuddh ka prarambh | shikhandi ko age kar paandavoan ka bhishm par akraman | shikhandi evan bhishm ka yuddh | bhishm-duryodhan sanvad | bhishm dvara lakhoan paandav sainikoan ka sanhar | arjun ke protsahan se shikhandi ka bhishm par akraman | du:shasan ka arjun ke sath ghor yuddh | kaurav-paandav paksh ke pramukh maharathiyoan ke dvandvayuddh ka varnan | dronachary ka ashvatthama ko ashubh shakunoan ki soochana dena | dronachary ka ashvatthama ko dhrishtadyumn se yuddh karane ka adesh | kaurav paksh ke das maharathiyoan ke sath bhim ka ghor yuddh | kaurav maharathiyoan ke sath bhim aur arjun ka adbhut purusharth | bhishm ke adesh se yudhishthir ka un par akraman | kaurav-paandav sainikoan ka bhishan yuddh | kaurav-paandav maharathiyoan ke dvandvayuddh ka varnan | bhishm ka adbhut parakram | ubhay paksh ki senaoan ka yuddh tatha du:shasan ka parakram | arjun ke dvara bhishm ka moorchchhit hona | bhishm dvara paandav sena ka bhishan sanhar | arjun ka bhishm ko rath se girana | sharashayya par sthit bhishm ke pas rrishiyoan ka agaman | bhishm dvara uttarayan ki pratiksha kar pran dharan karana | bhishm ki mahatta | arjun dvara bhishm ko takiya dena | ubhay paksh ki senaoan ka apane shibir mean jana evan krishn-yudhishthir sanvad | arjun dvara bhishm ki pyas bujhana | arjun ki prasansha kar bhishm ka duryodhan ko sandhi ke lie samajhana | bhishm aur karn ka rahasyamay sanvad