अवंती

avanti pauranik 16 mahajanapadoan mean se ek tha. adhunik malava ka pradesh jisaki rajadhani ujjayini aur mahishmati thi. ujjayini (ujjain) madhy pradesh rajy ka ek pramukh shahar hai. prachin sanskrit tatha pali bhasha pali sahity mean avanti ya ujjayini ka saiank doan bar ullekh hua hai. mahabharat[1] mean sahadev dvara avanti ko vijit karane ka varnan hai. bauddh kal mean avanti uttarabharat ke solah mahajanapad shodash mahajanapadoan mean se thi jinaki soochi aanguttaranikay mean haian. jain granth bhagavati sootr mean isi janapad ko malav kaha gaya hai. is janapad mean sthool roop se vartaman malava, nima d aur madhy pradesh ka bich ka bhag sammilit tha. puran puranoan ke anusar avanti ki sthapana yaduvanshi kshatriyoan dvara ki gee thi. gautam buddh buddh ke samay avanti ka raja chandapradyot tha. isaki putri vasavadatta se vatsanaresh udayan ne vivah kiya tha jisaka ullekh bhas rachit 'svapnavasavadatta' namak natak mean hai. vasavadatta ko avanti se sambandhit manate hue ek sthan par is natak mean kaha gaya hai-'ham! atisaddashi khalviyamaryay avantikaya:[2] chaturth shati ee. poo. mean avanti ka janapad maury-samrajy mean sammilit tha aur ujjayini magadh-samrajy ke pashchim praant ki rajadhani thi. isase poorv magadh aur avanti ka sangharsh paryapt samay tak chalata raha tha jisaki soochana hamean parishishtaparvan[3] se milati hai. 'kathasaritsagar'[4] se yah jnat hota hai ki avantiraj chandapradyot ke putr palak ne kaushambi ko apane rajy mean mila liya tha. vishnu puran[5] se vidit hota hai ki sanbhavat: gupt kal se poorv avanti par abhir ityadi shoodroan ya vijatiyoan ka adhipaty tha-'saurashtravanti…vishayaanshch--abhir shoodradya bhokshyante'. aitihasik parampara se hamean yah bhi vidit hota hai ki pratham shati ee. poo. mean (57 ee. poo. ke lagabhag) vikram sanvat ke sansthapak kisi ajnat raja ne shakoan ko harakar ujjayini ko apani rajadhani banaya tha. gupt kal mean chandragupt vikramadity ne avanti ko pun: vijay kiya aur vahaan se videshi satta ko ukha d phaianka. kuchh vidvanoan ke mat mean 57 ee. poo. mean vikramadity nam ka koee raja nahian tha aur chandragupt dvitiy ne hi avanti-vijay ke pashchath malav sanvat ko jo 57 ee. poo. mean prarambh hua tha, vikram sanvat ka nam de diya.

yuvanachvaang ka varnan

chini yatri yuvanachvaang ke yatravrit se jnat hota hai ki avanti ya ujjayini ka rajy us samay (615-630 ee.) malav rajy se alag tha aur vahaan ek svatantr raja ka shasan tha. kaha jata hai shankarachary ke samakalin avanti-naresh sudhanva ne jain dharm ka utkarsh soochit karane ke lie prachin avantika ka nam ujjayini (vijayakarini) kar diya tha kintu yah keval kapol kalpana matr hai kyoanki guptakalin kalidas ko bhi ujjayini nam jnat tha, 'vakr: pantha yadapi bhavat: prasthisyottarashaan, saudhotsangapranayavimukhomasm bhoorujjayinya:'[6] isake sath hi kavi ne avanti ka bhi ullekh kiya hai-'prapyavantimudayanakathakovidagramavriddhanh'[7] isase sanbhavat: yah jan p data hai ki kalidas ke samay mean avanti us janapad ka nam tha, jisaki mukhy nagari ujjayini thi. 9 vian v 10 vian shatiyoan mean ujjayini mean paramar rajaoan ka shasan raha. tatpashchath unhoanne dhara nagari mean apani rajadhani banaee. madhyakal mean is nagari ko mukhyat: ujjain hi kaha jata tha aur isaka malava ke soobe ke ek mukhy sthan ke roop mean varnan milata hai. dilli ke sultan iltutamish ne ujjain ko buri tarah se loota aur yahaan ke mahakal ke ati prachin mandir ko nasht kar diya. [8] agale pray: paanch sau varshoan tak ujjain par musalamanoan ka adhipaty raha. 1750 ee. mean siandhiya nareshoan ka shasan yahaan sthapit hua aur 1810 ee. tak ujjain mean unaki rajadhani rahi. is varsh siandhiya ne ujjain se hata kar rajadhani gvaliyar mean banaee. marathoan ke rajyakal mean ujjain ke kuchh prachin mandiroan ka jirnoddhar kiya gaya tha. inamean mahakal ka mandir bhi hai.

vividhatirth kalp mean

jain granth vividhatirth kalp mean malava pradesh ka hi nam avanti ya avanti hai. raja shanbar ke putr abhinandan dev ka chaity avanti ke med namak gram mean sthit tha. is chaity ko musalaman sena ne nasht kar diya tha kintu is granth ke anusar vaij namak vyapari ki tapasya se khandit moorti phir se ju d gee thi.

  • ujjayini ke vartaman smarakoan mean mukhy, mahakal ka mandir kshipra nadi ke tat par bhoomi ke niche bana hai. isaka nirman prachin mandir ke sthan par ranoji siandhiya ke mantri ramachandr baba ne 19 vian shati ke uttarardh mean karavaya tha. mahakal ki shiv ke dvadash jyotirligoan mean ganana ki jati hai. isi karan is nagari ko shivapuri bhi kaha gaya hai.
  • harasiddhi ka mandir kaha jata hai, usi prachin mandir ka pratiroop hai jahaan vikramadity is devi ki pooja kiya karate the.
  • raja bhatrihari ki gufa sanbhavat: 11 vian shati ka avashesh hai.
  • chaubis khambha daravaza shayad prachin mahakal mandir ke praangan ka mukhy dvar tha.
  • kalidah-mahal 1500 ee. mean bana tha. yahaan ki prasiddh vedhashala jayapur-naresh jayasianh dvitiy ne 1733 ee. mean banavaee thi. vedhashala ka jirnoddhar 1925 ee. mean kiya gaya tha.

prachin avanti vartaman ujjain

prachin avanti vartaman ujjain ke sthan par hi basi thi, yah tathy is bat se siddh hota hai ki kshipra nadi jo ajakal bhi ujjain ke nikat bahati hai, prachin sahity mean bhi avanti ke nikat hi varnit hai.[9] ujjain se ek mil uttar ki or bhairogadh mean doosari-tisari shati ee. poo. ki ujjayini ke khandahar pae ge haian. yahaan veshya-tekari aur kumhar-tekari nam ke tile haian jinaka sambandh prachin kianvadantiyoan se hai.


tika tippani aur sandarbh

  1. mahabharat, sabha 31, 10
  2. svapnavasavadatta aank 6
  3. parishishtaparvan pri. 42
  4. t aauni ka anuvad jild 2, pri. 484
  5. vishnu puran 4,24,68
  6. poorvamegh. 29
  7. poorvamegh. 32
  8. yah mandir sanbhavat: gupt kal se bhi poorv ka tha. meghadoot, poorvamegh 36 mean isaka varnan hai--'apyanyasminh jaladhar mahakalamasadyakale'
  9. yatr strinaan harati surataglanimanganukool: shipravat: priyatam iv prarthanachadukar:' poorvamegh 33

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