अयोध्या

ayodhya ka ek drishy

ayodhya (aangrezi: Ayodhya) uttar pradesh rajy ka ek prasiddh dharmik nagar hai. ayodhya faizabad zile mean ata hai. ramayan ke anusar dasharath ayodhya ke raja the. shriram ka janm yahian hua tha. ram ki janm-bhoomi ayodhya uttar pradesh mean soory nadi ke daean tat par sthit hai. ayodhya hinduoan ke prachin aur sat pavitr tirthasthaloan mean se ek hai. ayodhya ko atharvaved mean eeshvar ka nagar bataya gaya hai aur isaki sanpannata ki tulana svarg se ki gee hai. ramayan ke anusar ayodhya ki sthapana manu ne ki thi. kee shatabdiyoan tak yah nagar soory vansh ki rajadhani raha. ayodhya ek tirth sthan hai aur mool roop se mandiroan ka shahar hai. yahaan aj bhi hindoo, bauddh, islam aur jain dharm se ju de avashesh dekhe ja sakate haian. jain mat ke anusar yahaan adinath sahit paanch tirthankaroan ka janm hua tha.

itihas

ayodhya punyanagari hai. ayodhya shri ramachandr ji ki janmabhoomi hone ke nate bharat ke prachin sahity v itihas mean sada se prasiddh rahi hai. ayodhya ki ganana bharat ki prachin saptapuriyoan mean pratham sthan par ki gee hai.[1] ayodhya ki mahatta ke bare mean poorvi uttar pradesh ke janasadharan mean nimn kahavatean prachalit haian-

ganga nadi b di godavari nadi,
tirath b do prayag,
sabase b di ayodhyanagari,
jahan ram liyo avatar.

ayodhya raghuvanshi rajaoan ki bahut purani rajadhani thi. svayan manu ne[2] ayodhya ka nirman kiya tha. valmiki ramayan[3] se vidit hota hai ki svargarohan se poorv ramachandraji ne kush ko kushavati namak nagari ka raja banaya tha. shriram ke pashchath ayodhya uja d ho gee thi, kyoanki unake uttaradhikari kush ne apani rajadhani kushavati mean bana li thi. raghu vansh[4] se vidit hota hai ki ayodhya ki din-hin dasha dekhakar kush ne apani rajadhani pun: ayodhya mean banaee thi. mahabharat mean ayodhya ke dirghayajn namak raja ka ullekh hai jise bhimasen ne poorvadesh ki digvijay mean jita tha.[5] ghatajatak mean ayodhya (ayojjha) ke kalasen namak raja ka ullekh hai.[6] gautamabuddh ke samay kosal ke do bhag ho ge the- uttarakosal aur dakshinakosal jinake bich mean sarayoo nadi bahati thi. ayodhya ya saket uttari bhag ki aur shravasti dakshini bhag ki rajadhani thi. is samay shravasti ka mahattv adhik badha hua tha. bauddh kal mean hi ayodhya ke nikat ek nee basti ban gee thi jisaka nam saket tha. bauddh sahity mean saket aur ayodhya donoan ka nam sath-sath bhi milata hai[7] jisase donoan ke bhinn astitv ki soochana milati hai.

  • ramayan mean ayodhya ka ullekh koshal janapad ki rajadhani ke roop mean kiya gaya hai.[8]
  • puranoan mean is nagar ke sanbandh mean koee vishesh ullekh nahian milata hai, parantu is nagar ke shasakoan ki vanshavaliyaan avashy milati haian, jo is nagar ki prachinata evan mahattv ke pramanik sakshy haian. brahman sahity mean isaka varnan ek gram ke roop mean kiya gaya hai.[9]
  • soot aur magadh us nagari mean bahut the. ayodhya bahut hi sundar nagari thi. ayodhya mean ooanchi atariyoan par dhvajaean shobhayaman thian aur saik doan shataghniyaan usaki raksha ke lie lagi huee thian.[10]
  • ram ke samay yah nagar avadh nam ki rajadhani se sushobhit tha.[11]
  • bauddh granthoan ke anusar ayodhya poorvavati tatha saket paravarti rajadhani thi. hinduoan ke sath pavitr sthanoan mean isaka nam milata hai. fahyan ne isaka ‘sha-chean’ nam se ullekh kiya hai, jo kannauj se 13 yojan dakshin-poorv mean sthit tha.[12]
  • malalasekar ne pali-paranpara ke saket ko see nadi ke kinare unnav zile mean sthit sujanakot ke khandaharoan se samikrit kiya hai.[13]
  • naliyaksh datt evan krishnadatt bajapeyi ne bhi isaka samikaran sujanakot se kiya hai.[14] theragatha atthakatha[15] mean saket ko sarayoo nadi ke kinare bataya gaya hai. at: sanbhav hai ki pali ka saket, adhunik ayodhya ka hi ek bhag raha ho.

ullekh

ayodhya ke prachin ullekh shuang vansh ke pratham shasak pushyamitr (dvitiy shati ee. poo.) ka ek shilalekh ayodhya se prapt hua tha jisamean use senapati kaha gaya hai tatha usake dvara do ashvamedh yajnoan ke lie jane ka varnan hai. anek abhilekhoan se jnat hota hai ki guptavanshiy chandragupt dvitiy ke samay (chaturth shati ee. ka madhyakal) aur tatpashchath kafi samay tak ayodhya gupt samrajy ki rajadhani thi. guptakalin mahakavi kalidas ne ayodhya ka raghu vansh mean kee bar ullekh kiya hai.[16] kalidas ne uttarakaushal ki rajadhani saket[17] aur ayodhya donoan hi ka namollekh kiya hai, isase jan p data hai ki kalidas ke samay mean donoan hi nam prachalit rahe hoange. madhyakal mean ayodhya ka nam adhik sunane mean nahian ata tha. yuvanachvaang ke varnanoan se jnat hota hai ki uttar buddhakal mean ayodhya ka mahattv ghat chuka tha.

madhyakal mean ayodhya

madhyakal mean musalamanoan ke utkarsh ke samay, ayodhya bechari upekshita hi bani rahi, yahaan tak ki mugal samrajy ke sansthapak babar ke ek senapati ne bihar abhiyan ke samay ayodhya mean shriram ke janmasthan par sthit prachin mandir ko to dakar ek masjid banavaee, jo aj bhi vidyaman hai. masjid mean lage hue anek stanbh aur shilapatt usi prachin mandir ke haian. ayodhya ke vartaman mandir kanakabhavan adi adhik prachin nahian haian, aur vahaan yah kahavat prachalit hai ki sarayoo ko chho dakar ramachandraji ke samay ki koee nishani nahian hai. kahate haian ki avadh ke navaboan ne jab faizabad mean rajadhani banaee thi to vahaan ke anek mahaloan mean ayodhya ke purane mandiroan ki samagri upayog mean laee gee thi.

bauddh sahity mean ayodhya

bauddh sahity mean bhi ayodhya ka ullekh milata hai. gautam buddh ka is nagar se vishesh sambandh tha. ullekhaniy hai ki gautam buddh ke is nagar se vishesh sambandh ki or lakshy karake majjhimanikay mean unhean kosalak (koshal ka nivasi) kaha gaya hai.[18]

  • dharm-prachararth ve is nagar mean kee bar a chuke the. ek bar gautam buddh ne apane anuyayiyoan ko manav jivan ki nisvarata tatha kshan-bhangurata par vyakhyan diya tha. ayodhyavasi gautam buddh ke bahut b de prashansak the aur unhoanne unake nivas ke lie vahaan par ek vihar ka nirman bhi karavaya tha.[19]
  • sanyuktanikay mean ullekh aya hai ki buddh ne yahaan ki yatra do bar ki thi. unhoanne yahaan phen sookt[20] aur darukkhandhasukt[21] ka vyakhyan diya tha.

ek hi nagar se samikrit

ayodhya aur saket donoan nagaroan ko kuchh vidvanoan ne ek hi mana hai. kalidas ne bhi raghuvansh[22] mean donoan nagaroan ko ek hi mana hai, jisaka samarthan jain sahity mean bhi milata hai.[23] kaniangham ne bhi ayodhya aur saket ko ek hi nagar se samikrit kiya hai.[24] isake viparit vibhinn vidvanoan ne saket ko bhinn-bhinn sthanoan se samikrit kiya hai. isaki pahachan sujanakot,[25] adhunik lakhanoo,[26] kursi,[27] pasha (pasaka), [28] aur tusaran bihar[29]ilahabad se 27 mil door sthit hai) se ki gee hai. is nagar ke samikaran mean uparyukt vidvanoan ke matoan mean saval pramanoan ka abhav drishtigat hota hai. bauddh granthoan mean bhi ayodhya aur saket ko bhinn-bhinn nagaroan ke roop mean prastut kiya gaya hai. valmiki ramayan mean ayodhya ko koshal ki rajadhani bataya gaya hai aur bad ke sanskrit granthoan mean saket se mila diya gaya hai. 'ayodhya' ko sanyuktanikay mean ek or ganga ke kinare sthit ek chhota gaanv ya nagar batalaya gaya hai. jabaki 'saket' usase bhinn ek mahanagar tha.[30] atev kisi bhi dasha mean ye donoan nam ek nahian ho sakate haian.

paryatan

ayodhya ghatoan aur mandiroan ki prasiddh nagari hai. sarayoo nadi yahaan se hokar bahati hai. sarayoo nadi ke kinare 14 pramukh ghat haian. inamean guptadvar ghat, kaikeyi ghat, kaushalya ghat, papamochan ghat, lakshman ghat adi vishesh ullekhaniy haian. mandiroan mean 'kanak bhavan' sabase suandar hai. lokamanyata ke anusar kaikeyi ne isesita ko muanh dikhaee mean diya tha. ooanche tile par hanumanagadhi akarshak ka keandr hai. is nagar mean ramajanmabhoomi-sthal ki b di mahima hai. is sthan par vikramadity ka banavaya hua ek bhavy mandir tha kiantu babar ke shasanakal mean vahaan par masjid bana di gee. jise 6 disanbar 1992 ko kuchh kattarapanthiyoan ne gira diya. is vivadaspad sthan par is samay ramalala ki moorti sthapit hai sarayoo ke nikat nageshvar ka mandir shiv ke barah jyotiliangoan mean gina jata hai. 'tulasi chaura' vah sthan hai jahaan baithakar tulasidas ji ne ramacharitamanas ki rachana aranbh ki thi. prahlad ghat ke pas guru nanak bhi akar thahare the. ayodhya jain dharmavalanbiyoan ka bhi tirth-sthan hai. vartaman yug ke chaubis tirthakaroan mean se paanch ka janm ayodhya mean hua tha. inamean pratham tirthakar rrishabhadev bhi sammilit hai.


tika tippani aur sandarbh

  1. ayodhya mathura maya kashi kachiravantika, puri dvaravati chaiv saptaite mokshadayika:
  2. balakand 5, 6 ke anusar
  3. valmiki ramayan uttar kand va. ra.|uttar kand 108, 4
  4. raghu vansh sarg 16
  5. ayodhyaan tu dharmajnan dirghayajnan mahabalamh, ajayath paandavashreshtho natitivrenakarmana- sabhaparv 30-2
  6. jatak sankhya 454
  7. dekhie rayasadevij buddhist iandiya, prishth 39
  8. es. si. de, histarisiti aauf ramayan eand di iando aryan sosaiti in iandiya eand silon (dilli, ajanta pablikeshans, punamurdit, 1976), prishth 80-81
  9. aitarey brahman, 7/3/1; dekhean, j. ra. e. so, 1971, prishth 52 (padatippani
  10. 'sootamagadhasanbadhaan shrimatimatulaprabhamh, uchchattaladhvajavatian shataghnishatasankulamh' balaka 5, 11
  11. nandoolal de, di jiyografikal dikshanari aauf, aianshyeant eand midival iandiya, prishth 14
  12. jems legge, di traivels aauf fahyan oriyantal pablishars, dilli, punarmudrit 1972, prishth 54
  13. ji pi malalasekar, dikshanari aauf pali prapar nems, bhag 2 prishth 1086
  14. nalinaksh datt evan krishnadatt bajapeyi, uttar pradesh mean bauddh dharm ka vikas (prakashan byooro, uttar pradesh sarakar, lakhanoo, pratham sanskaran, (1956) prishth 7 evan 12
  15. theragatha atthakatha, bhag 1, prishth 103
  16. 'jalani ya tiranikhatayoopa vahatyayodhyamanurajadhanimh' raghu vansh 13, 61; 'alokayishyanmuditamayodhyaan prasadamabhranlihamaruroh'- raghu vansh 14, 29
  17. raghu vansh 5,31; 13,62
  18. majjhim nikay, bhag 2, prishth 124
  19. malalasekar, dikshanari aauf pali prapar nems, bhag 1, prishth 165
  20. sanyuktanikay (pali tekts sosaiti), bhag 3, prishth 140 aur age
  21. tatraiv, bhag 4, prishth 179
  22. adhyay 5, shlok 31
  23. adi puran 12, prishth 77; vividhatirthakalp, prishth 55; vishuddhanand pathak, histri aauf koshal (motilal banarasidas, varanasi 1963 ee.) prishth 55
  24. ailakjeandar kaniangham, aishyeant jyografi aauf iandiya (iandolajikal buk haus, varanasi, 1976), prishth 405
  25. nandoolal de, di jiyografikal dikshanari aauf aishyeant eand midival iandiya, prishth 174
  26. phargusan, arkiyolaji in iandiya, prishth 110
  27. bi. e. smith, j. ra. e. so., 1898, prishth 124
  28. viliyam hovi, j. ai. so. b., 1900 prishth 75
  29. dablyoo, bost, j. ra. e. so., 1906, prishth 437 aur age
  30. bharatasianh upadhyay, buddhakalin bharatiy bhoogol, (hindi sahity sammelan prayag, 2018), prishth 254

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