वैष्णव सम्प्रदाय

sankshipt parichay

vaishnav sampraday
vivaran	'vaishnav sampraday' hindoo dharm mean many mukhy sampraday hai. is sampraday ke log bhagavan vishnu ko apana aradhy dev manate aur poojate haian.
any nam	paancharatr mat, vaishnav dharm, bhagavat dharm
prarambh	anuman hai ki lagabhag 600 ee.poo. jab brahman granthoan ke hiansapradhan yajnoan ki pratikriya mean bauddh-jain sudhar-andolan ho rahe the, usase bhi pahale upasana pradhan vaishnav dharm vikasit ho raha tha, jo prarambh se vrishni vanshiy kshatriyoan ki satvat namak jati mean simit tha.
upasy dev	vasudev
many granth	shrimadbhagavad gita
vishesh	'shatapath brahman' ke anusar sootr ki paanch ratoan mean is dharm ki vyakhya ki gayi thi, is karan isaka nam 'paancharatr' p da. is dharm ke 'narayaniy', 'aikantik' aur 'satvat' nam bhi prachalit rahe haian.
any janakari	bhagavat dharm bhi prarambh mean kshatriyoan dvara chalaya hua abrahman upasana-marg tha, parantu kalantar mean sambhavat: avaidik aur nastik jain-bauddh matoan ka prabaly dekhakar brahmanoan ne use apana liya aur 'vaishnav' ya 'narayaniy dharm' ke roop mean usaka vidhivat sanghatan kiya.

vaishnav dharm ya vaishnav sampraday ka prachin nam 'bhagavat dharm' ya 'paancharatr mat' hai. is sampraday ke pradhan upasy dev vasudev haian, jinhean chh: gunoan jnan, shakti, bal, viry, aishvary aur tej se sampann hone ke karan bhagavan ya 'bhagavat' kaha gaya hai aur bhagavat ke upasak 'bhagavat' kahalate haian. is sampraday ki paancharatr sanjna ke sambandh mean anek mat vyakt kiye gaye haian. 'mahabharat' ke anusar char vedoan aur saankhyayog ke samavesh ke karan yah narayaniy mahapanishad paancharatr kahalata hai. 'narad paancharatr' ke anusar isamean brahm, mukti, bhog, yog aur sansar–paanch vishayoan ka 'ratr' arthat jnan hone ke karan yah paancharatr hai. 'eeshvarasanhita', 'padmatant', 'vishnusanhita' aur 'paramasanhita' ne bhi isaki bhinn-bhinn prakar se vyakhya ki hai. 'shatapath brahman' ke anusar sootr ki paanch ratoan mean is dharm ki vyakhya ki gayi thi, is karan isaka nam paancharatr p da. is dharm ke 'narayaniy', aikantik' aur 'satvat' nam bhi prachalit rahe haian.

prarambh

yah anuman hai ki lagabhag 600 ee.poo. jis samay brahman granthoan ke hiansapradhan yajnoan ki pratikriya mean bauddh-jain sudhar-andolan ho rahe the, usase bhi pahale se apekshakrit shant, kintu sthir dhang se ek upasana pradhan sampraday vikasit ho raha tha, jo prarambh se vrishni vanshiy kshatriyoan ki satvat namak jati mean simit tha. vaidik parampara ka isane sidha virodh nahian kiya, pratyut apane ahiansapradhan dharm ko ved-vihit hi bataya. is karan ki usaki pravritti bauddh aur jain sudhar-andolanoan ki bhaanti khandanatmak aur prabal upacharatmak nahian thi, is sampraday ki vaisi dhoom nahian machi. ee.poo. chauthi shati mean panini ki ashtadhyayi ke sootr se vasudev ke upasak ka praman milata hai. ee.poo. tisari-chauthi shati se pahali shati tak vasudevopasana ke anek praman prachin sahity aur puratattv mean mile haian.

prachalan

jainoan ke salak purushoan mean vasudev aur baladev bhi haian tatha arishtanemi aur vasudev ke sambandh ka bhi ullekh prachin jain sahity mean milata hai. bauddh jatakoan mean vasudev ki katha kahi gayi hai. bauddh sahity ke 'chullaniddes' me ajivak, niganth, jatil baladev adi shravakoan ke sath vasudev ko poojane vale vasudevakoan ka bhi ullekh hua hai, jisase soochit hota hai ki yah sampraday tisari-chauthi shati ee.poo. mean vidyaman tha. isi kal mean chandragupt maury ki rajasabha ke yoonani rajadoot megasthanij ne 'saurasenaee' (shauraseni) jati mean jo 'joberij' (yamuna) nadi ke kinare basati thi aur 'methora' (mathura) aur klisobora (krishnapur) jisake pradhan nagar the, heraklij (krishn) ke vishesh roop se pooje jane ka ullekh kiya hai. 200 ee. poo. ke vesanagar (bhilasa) ke ek stambh lekh ke anusar baiktriya ke rajadoot heliyadoras ne devadhidev vasudev ki pratishtha mean garu dastambh ka nirman karaya tha. vah apane ko bhagavat kahata tha. ee.poo. pahali shati ke naneghat ke guhabhilekh mean any devataoan ke sath sankarshan aur vasudev ka bhi namollekh hai. isi samay ka ek aur shilalekh chittau dagadh ke samip ghosundi mean mila hai, jisamean kanvavanshi raja sarvatat dvara ashvamedh yajn ke avasar par bhagavan sankarshan aur vasudev ke mandir ke lie 'poojashila-prakar' banavaye jane ka ullekh hai. mathura ke ek mahakshatrap shodas (ee.poo. 80-57) ke samay ke ek shilalekh ke anusar vasu namak ek vyakti ne mahasthan (janmasthan mathura) mean bhagavan vasudev ka mandir banavaya tha. in pramanoan se soochit hota hai ki bhagavat dharm ka sabase pahala nam 'vasudev dharm' ya 'vasudevopasana' hai. bhagavat nam bhi ee.poo. doosari-tisari shati mean prachalit ho gaya tha. prarambh mean yah upasana-marg shoorasen mean basane vali satvat jati mean simit tha, parantu isaka prachar kadachit satvatoan ke sthanantaran ke phalasvaroop ee.poo. doosari-tisari shatabdiyoan mean hi pashchim ki or bhi ho gaya tha tatha kuchh videshi (yoonani) log bhi ise manane lage the.

dakshin ke prachin tamil sahity mean vasudev, sankarshan tatha krishn ke anek sandarbh milate haian. in sandarbhoan ke adhar par anuman kiya gaya hai ki uparyukt satvat log, jo vaidik puroovanshak ek jati vishesh ke the, magadh ke raja jarasandh dvara akranta hone ke karan kurupaanchal ke shoorasen pradesh se pashchimi simant pradesh ki or chale gaye. marg mean inamean se kuchh log palav aur usake dakshin ki or bas gaye aur vahian se dakshin desh ke sampoorn uttari kshetr tatha koankan mean phail gaye. inhian mean se kuchh aur dakshin ki or chale gaye. dakshin ke adviya, andar aur idaiyar jatiyoan ke log pashupalak ahir ya abhiroan ke samakaksh haian. satvat jati bhi pashupalak kshatriyoan ki jati thi. 'aitarey brahman' mean dakshin ke satvatoan dvara indr ke abhishek ka ullekh milata hai. yah maloom hota hai ki satvatoan ka dakshinagaman usase pahale ho chuka tha. ve apane sath apani dharmik paramparaean bhi avashy lete gaye hoange.

vistar se padhane ke lie bharatakosh par jaean